临时英文12月英语六级真题卷第三套(含答案)

2021年1月8日发(作者：都森烈)
Part I Writing
Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based
on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information
online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their
position, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest
technology success stories, was no _____(37), losing its market share in just a few years.

PartⅢ Reading Comprehension
In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales _____(38). But
consumers' preferences were already _____(39)toward touch-screen smartphone. With
the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share
_____(40)rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone
business to Microsoft.
What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his
position as CEO, which he _____(41)in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge
of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $$23 million, making him, by the
numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.
But Elop was not the only person at _____(42). Nokia's board resisted change,
making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most
_____(43), Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company
to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's _____(44)success to
recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.
The company also embarked on a _____(45)cost-cutting program, which included
the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the _____(46)of the
company's once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and
make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and
direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and
programming talent left as well.
d ate oration
ion
us

Section B

ntally y
d ng
itting ide
First-Generation College- Goers: Unprepared and Behind
Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education
come on campus with little academic know-how and are much more likely than their
peers to drop out before graduation.
A) When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a fires-generation student
and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher
education. Like many first-generation student, he enrolled in a medium- sized state
university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant,
and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home
and worded between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.
B) What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—
was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first- generation
students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $$5,000
after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue
paying for school.
C) Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first- generation
college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these
schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific
challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those
of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require
significant academic remediation(补习).
D) Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last
October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute
this information and help prospective college- goers find the best post-secondary
fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four-year schools that
truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs
for them, he says that number isn't high enough.
E)
opportunities for a small subset of this population,
a majority of first-generation under graduates tend toward options such as online
programs, two-year colleges, and commuter stand schools.
tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and
broader.
F) Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions
—and two-year schools in particular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students
choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher
education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars
for admittance.
G) underestimate themselves when selecting a university,said Dave Jarrat,
a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for-profit organization that specializes
in coaching low- income students and supporting colleges in order to help students
thrive. reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite
universities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it.
H)
experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in
questioning themselves and their college worthiness,Jarrat continued. That helps
explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students
end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University
of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overall
graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the
outcomes for first-generation students and those of their peers.
I) Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent.
Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly
difficult to find. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance,
admits only that the graduation rate for its first-generation pupils is lower
than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).
J) It is actually quite difficult to find reliable statisties on the issue for
many schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to
report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient
numbers—not necessarily rates specific to first-generation students. Other
initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be
for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to
navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.
K) It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013,
originally as an arm of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity.
we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students
to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these
schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise
the success rate,
state institutions to smaller private schools.
L) Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a
first- generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the
intimidating higher- education world, she often struggled on her path to college.
wasn't really a college-bound culture at my high school,she said.
to go to college but I didn't really know the process.
a college-access program through Princeton University in high school. Now she
attributes much of her understanding of college to that:But once I got to campus,
it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for.
M) She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well-regarded historically black college,
had an array of resources for its first-generation students, including matching kids
with counselors, connecting first-generation students to one another, and TRIO, a
national program that supported 200 students on Howard's campus. Still, Jones
represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry
into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages
and remarkably high graduation rates for first-generation students. (Harvard, for
example, boasts a six-year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of
98 percent.)
N) Christian Vazquez, a first- generation Tale graduate, is another exception,
his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay.
lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support.
he said, half-joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students
are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus); they have
access to cultural and ethnic affinity(联系)groups, tutoring centers and also have
a summer orientation specifically for first- generation students (the latter being
one of the most common programs for students).
O)
you are going to do well.'he said, hinting at mentors(导师),staff, and professors
who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about

46. Many first- generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get
a college degree.
47. First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens
than their peers.
48. The graduation rate of first- generation students at Nijay's university was
incredibly low.
49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation students with
more support than they actually need.