sweets2017年6月12月英语六级考试真题及答案解析版6套全

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2017年6月大学英语六级考试真
题及答案解析（第1套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend
a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion.
You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【参考范文】
Whether to Attend a Vocational College or a University?
It’s an undisputable truth that virtually all high school graduates
will encounter the choices between a vocational college and a university.
And when it comes to this question, students’ ideas are not cut from the
same cloth. In point of which to choose and what to be taken into
consideration, my advices are as follow.
In the first place, we should be conscious of the fact that both of
the two choices have its own superiorities. For instance, a vocational
college specializes in cultivating human resources with practical
capabilities; while a university serves as the cradle of academic
researchers in different fields. Then it does follow that high school
graduates should have a clear picture of themselves. That is to say, they
should know their merits and demerits and their choices must give play
to their strengths whilst circumvent weaknesses. In addition, interest
is the best teacher and it’s also the premise of learning on one’s own
initiative. Thus interest must be taken into account because it can not
only decide how far one can reach academically and professionally but also
how happy and fulfilled one will be.
In brief, all above just goes to show that there really is no
one-size-fits-all answer for the question. The key lies in a clear
cognition, accurate self-positioning and the interest of oneself. Only
then can every one find a right path that works best for us.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations.
At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the
conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.
C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.
【答案】A
【解析】题目问如果男士在二手书店中发现了自己写的书，那么男士会感觉
怎样。男士说到：如果他在二手书店发现了自己的书，他会认为这是种侮辱。因
此选A。
2. A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value.
C) They make good reading. D) They need improvement.
【答案】B
【解析】题目问男士的妻子认 为他的书怎么样。男士说到：他最新的一本书
是在2004年写的，当时在写的时候给他妻子看了一小部 分。妻子认为他写的内
容是垃圾。这表明他的妻子认为他写的书毫无价值。因此选B。
3. A) He seldom writes a book straight through.
B) He writes several books simultaneously.
C) He draws on his real-life experiences.
D) He often turns to his wife for help.
【答案】A
【解析】题目问当男士在写作的时候，他通常会做什么。在对话中，女士问
男士他那本《被埋葬的巨人》 为什么被搁置了那么久，显然是过了十年才把这
本书写好。男士回答： 他写书通常都是写写停停，写到一半就会搁置几年时间再
继续写。男士的言外之意是，他很少会一口气把 一本书写完。因此选A。
4. A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match.
B) Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.
C) He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.
D) Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
【答案】D
【解析】题目问男士提到足球比赛是想表达什么。男士在最后说到，足球运
动员在结束的哨声吹响的时候，就意味着比赛已经结束了。但是对于作家来说，
永远都没有结束的哨声 这一说。因此选D。
5. A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.
B) Financial assistance to black athletes in college.
C) High college dropout rates among black athletes.
D) Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.
【答案】C
【解析】题目问这两个讲话者在谈论什么。女士在一开始就引出主题：一份
研究表明，在大学中黑人运动员的辍学率特别高。因此选C。
6. A) They display great talent in every kind of game.
B) They are better at sports than at academic work.
C) They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.
D) They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.
【答案】D
【解析】题目问这份研究对黑人男性运动员有什么新的发现。男士说到：他
们是以给学校创造收入的工薪阶层的身份存在的，而不是以受教育的学生的身份
存在的。就是说，黑人 男性运动员只是学校的挣钱工具，而学校并没有给他们太
多接受学术教育的机会。因此选D。
7. A) About 15%. B) Around 40%.
C) Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%.
【答案】C
【解析】题目问黑人男性运动员的毕业率是多少。女士回答：在65所学校
中只有勉强一半多一 点儿的黑人能毕业。因此选C。
8. A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.
B) College degrees do not count much to them.
C) They have little interest in academic work.
D) Schools do not deem it a serious problem.
【答案】A
【解析】题目问根据 男士可知，黑人运动员没能取得大学学位的原因是什么。
男士在最后说到：所有的动机不是要赢得比赛就 是不能输掉比赛。教练缺乏让他
们毕业的动力。因此选A。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end
of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage
and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)
and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) Marketing strategies. B) Holiday shopping.
C) Shopping malls. D) Online stores.
【答案】B
【解析】题目问说话者主要说了什么。听力材料一开始就提到“America’s
holiday shopping season starts on Black Friday... It is the busiest
shopping day of the year”，因此，不难推断出该篇听力的主题是关于holiday
shopping，因此本题选B。
10. A) About 50% of holiday shoppers.
B) About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.
C) About 136 million.
D) About 183.8 million.
【答案】D
【解析】题目问有多少人会在网络星期一那天购物。听力篇章中提及，“About
183.8 million people will shop on Cyber Monday”，就不难选出本题答案D。
11. A) They have fewer customers.
B) They find it hard to survive.
C) They are thriving once more.
D) They appeal to elderly customers.
【答案】C
【解析】题目问关于传统购物中心，《财富》是怎么说的。听力篇章中提及
“Fortune says the weakest of the malls have closed. The sector is thriving
again”，由此可知，本题答案选C。
12. A) Better quality of consumer goods.
B) Higher employment and wages.
C) Greater varieties of commodities.
D) People having more leisure time.
【答案】B
【解析】题目是问购物者数量增加的原因是什么。篇章中提到，“…lower
unemployment and rising wages could give Americans more money to spend”，
其中B选项与这句话完全符合，lower unemployment 即higher employment，
故本题选B。
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A) They are new species of big insects.
B)They are overprescribed antibiotics.
C)They are life-threatening diseases.
D)They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
【答案】D
【解析】题目问关于超级细菌我们知道什么。篇章中提及，“you may have
heard about the new superbugs which are antibiotic-resistant bacteria
that have developed as a result of overprescribed antibiotics.其中
D选项与这句话完全符合。
14. A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.
B)Many infections are no longer curable.
C)Large amounts of tax money are wasted.
D)Routine operations have become complex.
【答案】D
【解析】题目问抗生素用量过度的后果是什么。篇章中提到 “seemingly
routine operations... are now much more hazardous...”，D选项与此相符
合。
15. A) Facilities.
B)Expertise.
C)Money.
D)Publicity.
【答案】C
【解析】题目问，在说话者看来，为应对严重威胁生命的传染病，什么是最
迫切需要的。篇章最后提及：面对严重威胁生命的传染病，却只有1.2%的预算
被用于研究上，这与 所需的资金相差甚远。由此可知C选项正确。
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of
lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will
be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), CJ and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) It is accessible only to the talented.
B) It improves students’ ability to think.
C) It starts a lifelong learning process.
D) It gives birth to many eminent scholars.
【答案】B
【解析】题目问说话者是如何描述大学的。听力材料中提到 “you are here
to understand thinking better and to think better your- self”，B选项
与此相符合。
17. A) They encourage academic democracy.
B) They promote globalization.
C) They uphold the presidents’ authority.
D) They protect students’ rights.
【答案】A
【解析】题目问关于大学，我们可以从说话者的故事中了解到什么。篇章中
提到 “But what was really important about that was the universities stand
out as places that really are about the authority of ideas.，由此可推
断出大学鼓励思想交流，鼓励学术民主，A选项正确。
18. A) His thirst for knowledge. B) His eagerness to find a job.
C) His contempt for authority. D) His potential for leadership.
【答案】A
【解析】题目是问说话者在挑战他论文的年轻人身上看到了什么。听力篇章
中提及“a... you couldn’t debate that young man’s hunger to learn”，
由此可判断选A。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.
B)People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.
C)Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.
D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.
【答案】D
【解析】听力篇章一开始就提及，“Psychological research shows we
consistently underestimate our mental powers. ”，这与D选项完全符合。
20. A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.
B)They include more or less the same number of states.
C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.
D)They contain names of the most familiar states.
【答案】B
【解析】听力材料中提到，“The two lists will contain roughly the same
number of states but they will not be identical”，由此可知本题答案为
B选项。
21. A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.
B)Having a good sleep the night before.
C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to take place.
D)Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.
【答案】C
【解析】题目问说话者对如何准备和参加考试有何建议。听力篇章中提及“If
possible, you should also try to learn information in the room where it
is going to be tested”，这与C选项完全符合，故本题选C。
22. A) Discover when you can learn best.
B) Change your time of study daily.
B) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.
D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.
【答案】A
【解析】题目问关于学习，说话者给了我们什么建议。听力篇章中曾提及：
“When you learn is also important”，这表明，要找到最适合自己学习的时
间，故A选项正确。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.
C)He is a sociologist. D) He is an economist.
【答案】C
【解析】题目是问说话者是做什么的。听力篇章中提及“It concerns not
only us sociologists but also economists, politicians and business
people.”，答案为C选项。
24. A) In slums.
B) In Africa.
C) In pre-industrial societies.
D) In developing countries.
【答案】D
【解析】题目是问说话者说在哪可以发 现极度贫穷的情况。听力篇章中提
及：“Where does extreme poverty occur? Well, you can find it only in
developing countries.”，因此本题答案选D。
25. A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment
or recreation.
B)Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.
C)They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.
D)Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.
【答案】B
【解析】题目是问家庭相对贫穷的美国人是什么样的。听力篇章中提及：“in
the United States a family can be considered poor if their income is less
than 50% of the national average family income.”，这与B选项完全符合。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You
are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given
in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet
2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words
in the bank more than once.
Let’s all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research
says that those who can’t seem to keep their inner monologues(独白) in
are actually more likely to stay on task, remain __26__ better and show
improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra
muttering.
According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly
Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel
Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to __27__ mental pictures helps
people function quicker.
In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty
__28__ and asked them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were __29__
to repeat out loud what they were looking for and the other half kept their
lips __30__. Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly
faster than those who didn’t，the researchers say. In other experiments,
Lupyan and Swignley found that __31__ the name of a common product when
on the hunt for it helped quicken someone’s pace, but talking about
uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.
Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task
helps children learn, although doing so when you’ve __32__ matured is
not a great sign of __33__. The two professors hope to refute that idea,
__34__ that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults
can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help
“augment thinking”.
Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library
tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like
a grocery list. At any __35__, there’s still such a thing as too much
information.
26. 【解析】F。空格前的remain为系动词，因此空格 处需要填入一个形容
词；根据前面的句意“……更有可能坚持做一件事”，可知focused最为符合 ，
表示“保持全神贯注”，因此本题选F。
27. 【解析】L。根据空格前的to可判断空 格处应填入动词原形，根据句意，
“使用口头提示来记忆图像”，可知选项L符合。
28. 【解析】0。空格前是量词twenty，因此空格处需填入一个名词复数；
再由前边的“In one experiment”可知这是一个实验，所以这里选择volunteers
（志愿者）最为合适，故本题选0。
29. 【解析】H。空格前后分别为be动词were 和介词to，因此空格处需要
填入一个动词的被动语态；根据句意，“一半人被_____要大声地重复 他们要找
的东西，”可知instructed （通知，指导）最为合适，因此本题答案选H。
30. 【解析】J。根据句子结构可判断空格处需要填入一个形容词。再由the
other half对应的是前边的Half， 可知这里的情况和前边的不同，前边说
repeat out loud （大声地重复），后边自然就是要表达“不说话” 的意思，
keep one’s lips sealed即“闭上嘴巴、不说话”的意思，故本题选J。
31. 【解析】M。空格前的that引导的是宾语从句，空格与后面的名词词组
the name of a common product共同充当宾语从句的主语，因此空格处应填入
动词的- ing形式，根据句意可判断uttering更为合适，故本题选M。
32. 【解析】A。空格所在句是一个现在完成时态，空格前后组成谓语动词
have matured，因此 空格处实际上并不缺成分，只可能填入一个副词来修饰动词
matured，根据单词意思，这里应选a pparently。
33. 【解析】C。根据空格前边的a great sign of可知， 空格处缺少一个
名词；再根据句意，“当你足够成熟时，自言自语并不能显示出你的_____”，可知这里填入brilliance更为合适。故本题选C。
34. 【解析】 D。空格前边是一句完整的话，空格后是that从句，由此判
断空格处 填入动词的- ing形式，作为前边句子的伴随状语，并引导后面的宾语
从句；分析选项，动词的-ing 形式只剩下claiming这一个词，故本题选D。
35. 【解析】N。空格处需要填入一个名词，与前边的At any构成介词词组；
结合整篇文章的大意，此处填入volume最为合适，故本题选N。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information
is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is
marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised Very Differently
[A] The lives of children from rich and poor American families look
more different than ever before.
[B] Well- off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled
in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew
Research Center survey. There are usually two parents, who spend a lot
of time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and
hectic schedules.
[C] In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time
at home or with extended family. They are more likely to grow up in
neighborhoods that their parents say aren’t great for raising children,
and their parents worry about them getting shot, beaten up or in trouble
with the law.
[D] The class differences in child rearing are growing — a symptom
of widening inequality with far- reaching consequences. Different
upbringings set children on different paths and can deepen socioeconomic
divisions, especially because education is strongly linked to earnings.
Children grow up learning the skills to succeed in their socioeconomic
stratum (阶层), but not necessarily others.
[E] “Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for
children’s long-term social, emotional and cognitive development,” said
Sean Reardon, professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford
University. “And because those influence educational success and later
earnings, early childhood experiences cast a lifelong shadow.” The cycle
continues: Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest
in their children, which can leave children less prepared for school and
work, which leads to lower earnings.
[F] American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew
report and past research have found: for them to be healthy and happy,
honest and ethical, caring and compassionate. There is no best parenting
style or philosophy, researchers say, and across income groups, 92% of
parents say they are doing a good job at raising their children. Yet they
are doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher- income parents
see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says
Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published
in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life. They try to
develop their skills through close supervision and organized activities,
and teach children to question authority figures and navigate elite
institutions.
[G] Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will
naturally thrive, and give them far greater independence and time for free
play. They are taught to be compliant and respectful to adults. There are
benefits to both approaches. Working-class children are happier, more
independent, complain less and are closer with family members, Ms. Lareau
found. Higher- income children are more likely to declare boredom and
expect their parents to solve their problems. Yet later on, the more
affluent children end up in college and on the way to the middle class,
while working-class children tend to struggle. Children from
higher-income families are likely to have the skills to navigate
bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms. Lareau said.
[H] “Do all parents want the most success for their children?
Absolutely,” she said. “Do some strategies give children more advantages
than others in institutions? Probably they do. Will parents be damaging
children if they have one fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt
it.”
[I] Social scientists say the differences arise in part because
low-income parents have less money to spend on music class or preschool,
and less flexible schedules to take children to museums or attend school
events. Extracurricular activities reflect the differences in child
rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally representative sample
of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more than $$75,000 a year, 84% say
their children have participated in organized sports over the past year,
64% have done volunteer work and 62% have taken lessons in music, dance
or art. Of families earning less than $$30,000, 59% of children have done
sports, 37% have volunteered and 41% have taken arts classes.
[J] Especially in affluent families, children start young. Nearly
half of high-earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children
in arts classes before they were 5, compared with one-fifth of low-income,
less- educated parents. Nonetheless, 20% of well-off parents say their
children’s schedules are too hectic, compared with 8% of poorer parents.
[K] Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives
children bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school.
71% of parents with a college degree say they do it every day, compared
with 33% of those with a high school diploma or less. White parents are
more likely than others to read to their children daily, as are married
parents. Most affluent parents enroll their children in preschool or day
care, while low-income parents are more likely to depend on family members.
Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a
postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22%
of those with a high school degree or less.
[L] The survey also probed attitudes and anxieties. Interestingly,
parents’ attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own
educational background as much as a belief in the importance of education
for upward mobility. Most American parents say they are not concerned
about their children’s grades as long as they work hard. But 50% of poor
parents say it is extremely important to them that their children earn
a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthier parents.
[M] Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents
are more likely to believe that there is no such thing as too much
involvement in a child’s education. Parents who are white, wealthy or
college- educated say too much involvement can be bad. Parental anxieties
reflect their circumstances. High- earning parents are much more likely
to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children. While
bullying is parents’ greatest concern over all, nearly half of low-income
parents worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth of
high-income parents. They are more worried about their children being
depressed or anxious.
[N] In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $$30,000
and $$75,000 a year fell right between working-class and high- earning
parents on issues like the quality of their neighborhood for raising
children, participation in extracurricular activities and involvement in
their children’ s education.
[O] Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement
gap between children from high- and low-income families is 30-40% larger
among children born in 2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according
to Mr. Reardon’ s research. People used to live near people of different
income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income. More than
a quarter of children live in single-parent households — a historic high,
according to Pew 一 and these children are three times as likely to live
in poverty as those who live with married parents. Meanwhile, growing
income inequality has coincided with the increasing importance of a
college degree for earning a middle-class wage.
[P] Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink.
In the past decade, even as income inequality has grown, some of the
socioeconomic differences in parenting, like reading to children and
going to libraries, have narrowed.
[Q] Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including
public preschool programs and reading initiatives. Addressing
differences in the earliest years, it seems, could reduce inequality in
the next generation.
36. Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show
respect to adults.
37. American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations
of their children despite different ways of parenting.
38. While rich parents are more concerned with their children’s
psychological well-being, poor parents are more worried about their
children’s safety.
39. The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor
families reflect growing social inequality.
40. Parenting approaches of working-class and affluent families both
have advantages.
41. Higher-income families and working-class families now tend to
live in different neighborhoods.
42. Physical punishment is used much less by well-educated parents.
43. Ms. Lareau doesn’t believe participating in fewer after-class
activities will negatively affect children’s development.
44. Wealthy parents are concerned about their children’s mental
health and busy schedules.
45. Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in
the past ten years.
36.【解析】G。根据题干中的关键词working-class parents, respect to
adults 可定位至[G]段。
37.【解析】F。根据题干中的关键词American parents 和 different ways
of parenting 可定位至[F]段。
38.【解析】M。根据题干中的关键词psychological well-being 和
children's safety 可定位至[M]段。
39.【解析】 D。根据题干中的关键词differences in child rearing 和
inequality 可定位至[D]段。
40.【解析】 G。根据题干中的关键词proaches和approaches可定位至[G]
段。
41.【解析】O。根据题干中的关键词neighborhoods可定位至[0]段。
42.【解析】K。根椐题干中的关键 physical punishment 和 well- educated
parents 可定位至[K]段。
43.【解析】H。根据题干中的关键词Ms. Lareau 和 fewer after- class
activities 可定位至[H]段。
44.【解析】 B。根据题干中的关键词mental health 和 busy schedules 可
定位至[B]段。
45.【解析】 P。根据题干中的关键词socioeconomic differences, shrunk
和 in the past ten years可定位至[P]段。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is
followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them
there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource(外
包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one
leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.
In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board
of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal
analysis showed that each campus’ spending on facilities management fell
well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said
those findings — which included data from the system’s 13 community
colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities — were part of the
decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam’s proposal to
privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.
“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel
any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to
the presidents. “System institutions are operating very efficiently
based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a
broad scale outsourcing initiative.”
Worker’s advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would
mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has
said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which
has not been finalized.
Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out
in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns
Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal
in Memphis.
In an email statement from the state’s Office of Customer Focused
Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing,
spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to
analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses
at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a
“business justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the
specifics of an outsourcing plan.
“The state’s facilities management project team is still in the
process of developing its business justification and expects to have that
completed and available to the public at the end of February,” Martin
said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis
has yet to be completed.”
Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that
he has come out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in
Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January
because of the governor’s proposal to split off six universities of the
Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of
them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization
“unworkable”.
46. What do we learn about the decision of technical and community
colleges in Tennessee?
A) It is backed by a campus spending analysis.
B)It has been flatly rejected by the governor.
C)It has neglected their faculty’s demands.
D)It will improve their financial situation.
【答案】A
【解析】由题干中的关键词decision，technical and community colleges,
Tennessee可定位至第一段。A选项中的backed与原文中的bolstered 同义，
因此选A。
47. What does the campus spending analysis reveal?
A) Private companies play a big role in campus management.
B)Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.
C)Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.
D)Colleges exercise foil control over their own financial affairs.
【答案】B
【解析】由题干中的关键词campus spending analysis, reveal可 以定位
至原文的第二段。题干中的reveal对应原文中的showed。因此选B。
48. Workers’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would
_________.
A) deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilities
B)make workers less motivated in performing duties
C)render a number of campus workers jobless
D)lead to the privatization of campus facilities
【答案】C
48.【解析】由题干中的关键词Workers’ supporters, Bill Haslam’s
proposal可以定位至第四段。该段的第一句指出，工人拥护者已经批判了哈 斯
拉姆的计划，他们表示这将意味着一些校园工人可能会失去他们的工作或利益。
因此选 C。
49. What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John
Morgan’s decision?
A) The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.
B)The outsourcing plan will be implemented.
C)The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.
D)The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.
【答案】A
49.【解析】由题干中的关键词spo keswoman可定位至第六段。该段指出，
发言人Michelle R. Martin表示官员 们还在分析评议委员会的数据。大学体系
和其他州相关部门的管理费用数据将会是“商业理由”的一部分 ，田纳西州会用
此来研讨外包计划的细节。这说明，外包计划还在讨论中，尚未成定论，因此选
A。
50. Why did John Morgan decide to resign?
A) He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.
B)He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.
C)He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.
D)He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college board
system.
【答案】D
【解析】由题干中的关键词John Morgan, resign可定位至最 后一段。该段
的最后一句指出，在他的辞职信中，摩根表示这一重组计划“不切实际”。言外
之 意就是反对州长重组大学董事会的计划。因此选D。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for
young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome,
as the culmination(终极) of their classical education. Thus was born the
idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans,
Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and
Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout
the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced
gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.
The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding
in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means,
and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered
the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman
sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the
beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however,
stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions,
accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with
souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and
architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.
London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris
a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to
Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or
Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British
traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he
described himself as “being impatiently desirous of viewing a country
so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and
which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains
the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with
cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics”.
Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent
achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panini’s Ancient Rome
and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated
Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches.
Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the
eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by
gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire
examples of Greco- Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In
England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic
pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of
Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (唤起回忆的) ruins of Rome to
their own country houses and gardens.
51. What is said about the Grand Tour?
A) It was fashionable among young people of the time.
B)It was unaffordable for ordinary people.
C)It produced some famous European artists.
D)It made a compulsory part of college education.
【答案】B
【解析】由题干中的关键词the Grand Tour定位至第一段第二句。由此可
知，大旅行对 于一般人来说是负担不起的。故选B。
52. What did Grand Tourists have in common?
A) They had much geographic knowledge.
B)They were courageous and venturesome.
C)They were versed in literature and interested in art.
D)They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.
【答案】C
【解析】由题干中的关键词Grand Tourists定位至第二段第一句。选项C
是对原文 的同义表述，其中were versed in对应原文中的a thorough grounding
in。故选C。
53. How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?
A) They found inspiration in the world’s greatest masterpieces.
B)They got a better understanding of early human civilization.
C)They developed an interest in the origin of modem art forms.
D)They gained some knowledge of classical art and architecture.
【答案】D
【解析】由题干中的关键词benefit from their travel定位至第二段最后< br>一句。选项D是对原文的同义改写，其中knowledge对应原文中的 understanding。
故选 D。
54. Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?
A) They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home.
B)Europe hardly had any museums before the 19th century.
C)They found the antiques there more valuable.
D)Private collections were of greater variety.
【答案】B
【解析】由题干中的关键词the private collections定位至第三段倒数第
二句。选项中的hardly和 before the 19th century 分别对应原文中的 few 和
before the close of the eighteenth century。故选 B。
55. How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England?
A) There appeared more and more Roman-style buildings.
B)Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-style villas.
C)Aristocrats，country houses all had Roman- style gardens.
D)Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.
【答案】A
【解析】由题干中的关键词influence the architecture in Engl and定位
至第三段最后一句。由此可知，在英国会有越来越多的罗马风格的建筑，选项A
是对 原文的延展推理。故选A。
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate
a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer
Sheet 2.
唐朝始于618年，终于907年，是中国历史上最灿烂的 时期。经过近三百年
的发展，唐代中国成为世界上最繁荣的强国，其首都长安是当时世界上最大的都市。这一时期，经济发达、商业繁荣、社会秩序稳定，甚至边境也对外开放。随
着城市化和财富的增 加，艺术和文学也繁荣起来。李白和杜甫是以作品简洁自然
而著称的诗人。他们的诗歌打动了学者和普通 人的心。即使在今天，他们的许多
诗歌仍广为儿童及成人阅读背诵。
【答案】The Tang Dynasty, which dated from 618 and ended in 907, was
the most prosperous period in Chinese history. After nearly three hundred
years of development, it had become the most flourishing power around the
world, with its capital Chang’ an as the largest metropolis in the world.
China during that period was embodied in the booming economy, thriving
commerce, stable social order and even the open borders. As urbanization
gained its momentum and wealth accumulated, art and literature also
flourished. Li Bai and Du Fu were poets distinguished for their concise
and natural writing style. Their poetry struck a chord with scholars as
well as ordinary people. Even today, many of their poems are still widely
read and recited by children and adults.

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真
题及答案解析（第2套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major
in science or humanities at college, write an essay to state your opinion.
You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【参考范文】
Whether to Major in Science or Humanities at College?
Nowadays, as the whole society place increasingly considerable value
on education, the question of whether to major in science or humanities
at college is not only a concern for students, but also a focal point for
parents. Some believe that to dig into science is a better choice because
it promises us a brighter future; others may hold the opposite view that
humanity knowledge is the foundation of humanity quality.
As for me, both arguments are justified. However, I believe that the
important thing is not about which subject is better, what matters most
is people who will have to make the decision. In other words, we should
not lay one-sided emphasis on the advantages of either subject; on the
contrary, the students themselves, their interests and preferences, pros
and cons are supposed to be taken into consideration. For example, if a
student is more adept at humanity and that’s where his real interests
lie, then he should dedicate to the study on humanity.
Whether to major in science or humanities is a critical choice for
every student because its result has a profound influence on personal
career development and life style. Thus we should figure out what we really
care about so as not to put the cart before the horse.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations.
At the end of each conversation, you mil hear four questions. Both the
conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1
with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) Doing enjoyable work. B) Having friendly colleagues.
C)Earning a competitive salary. D) Working for supportive bosses.
【答案】B
【解析】对话中关于第一个调查，男士说有十大因素影响着人们 在工作中的
幸福感。并提及对接受调查的大多数人来说，最重要的因素就是拥有友好、 给
予支 持的同事。事实上，接受调查的人中有73%的人把与同事的关系作为促成工
作幸福感的关键因素，这是 一个很高的比例。由此可知，友好的同事是让员工感
到幸福的第一因素。故选B。
2. A) 31%. B) 20%.
C)25%. D) 73%.
【答案】B
【解析】 对话中女士问男士调查中还有没有发现其他的信息。男士在回答中
提及“However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy”，
故选B。
3. A) Those of a small size. B) Those run by women.
C)Those that are well managed. D) Those full of skilled workers.
【答案】A
【解析】对话中男士说从调查中还得出了一些更有趣的结论：首先小公司很
好，人们更明确地倾向于在不超过100人的较小的机构或公司中工作。由此可知，
小规模的公司在员 工中更受欢迎。故选A。
4. A) They can hop from job to job easily.
B) They can win recognition of their work.
C)They can better balance work and life.
D) They can take on more than one job.
【答案】C
【解析】对话中男士说一天只工作4、5个小时的兼职合同工比那些全职的
人更快乐。随后提及，从调查中得出的结论是，这一现象可能是由于兼职合同工
能更好地平衡工作和生 活。故选C。
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) It is a book of European history. B) It is an introduction to
music.
C)It is about the city of Bruges. D) It is a collection of photos.
【答案】D
【解析】对话开篇女士问男士一开始是怎么对这一主题感兴趣的。男士在回
答时提到，对逼近的危险的恐惧成为了这一大型拍摄项目的主题。由此可推断出，
《洪水将至》是一本 摄影集。故选D。
6. A) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.
B) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.
C) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.
D) When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.
【答案】C
【解析】男士在回答 女士的问题（一开始是怎么对这一主题感兴趣的）时提
及，“2006年，布鲁日城的音乐厅让我为一个 新的音乐节的目录拍一些关于水
的主题的照片”。由此可知，男士是在为音乐节目录拍照时想出了这一作 品的主
题。故选C。
7. A) The entire European coastline will be submerged.
B)The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.
C)The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.
D)The major European scenic spots will disappear.
【答案】A
【解析】男士在对话中提及，传媒报导中有大 量警惕性文章是关于即将发生
的气候突变。并且对话中女士问男士，关于书中的原话“我不想拍摄灾难， 我想
拍摄即将发生的灾难”能否说些什么。男士在回答，整个欧洲的海岸线被淹没只
是时间问题 ，这一点现在非常清楚。由此可知，气候突变发生时，整个欧洲的海
岸线将被淹没。故选A。
8. A) Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.
B)People cannot get around without using boats.
C)It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.
D)Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.
【答案】D
【解析】对话中男士在回答女士的问题（关于历史在这个项目中的作用）时
提及，威尼斯是一座一直受到海水威胁的城市，在那里每天早上会建起接木桥让
游客通往旅馆。故选D 。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end
of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage
and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,
you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)
and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) They make careful preparation beforehand.
B) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.
C) They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.
D) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.
【答案】C
9.【解析】题目是问一些人在面临新情况时是如何表现的。听力材料开头提到，一些人面对新情况时，常常花费太多的时间预期最坏的结果来预演他们的失
败。其中C选项中的 their defeat即听力材料中的the worst。故选C。
10. A) A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.
B)Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.
C)Mental images often interfere with athletes’ performance.
D)Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.
【答案】D
【解析】听力材料中提到，在斯坦福大学做 的研究表明，心理影像对神经系
统的刺激方式和行动对神经系统的刺激方式是一样的。并且在后文给出了 一个高
尔夫球手的例子来说明这一点。故选D。
11. A) Anticipate possible problems.
B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts.
C) Picture themselves succeeding.
D) Try to appear more professional.
【答案】C
【解析】听力材料中提到了一位女律师，她在开始她的第一个陪审团审案之
前非常紧张。说话人 给她的建议是：让她创造一个画面想象自己自信是什么样子
的。对她而言这意味着，在法庭上自信地走动 ，用有说服力的肢体语言和突出自
己的声音以便让临近后门的法官席上的人能够听见。她同样也想象了一 个巧妙的
结辩陈词和一个胜利的审判。由此可以推断出，说话人给处于压力情况下的人的
建议是 想象自己成功的样子。故选C。
12. A) She wore a designer dress. B) She won her first jury trial.
C)She did not speak loud enough. D) She presented moving pictures.
【答案】B
【解析】题目问及女律师在法庭上的表现。听力材料结尾提 到，年轻的女律
师在自信的预演几周之后，确实赢了第一个陪审团审案。故选B。
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.
B)Its health benefits have been overestimated.
C)It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.
D)It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.
【答案】C
【解析】听力材料中提到，研究现在表明，把纤维添加到青少年的饮食中能
帮助降低患乳腺癌的风险。并且在后文中也提到，饮食专家克里斯蒂?金发现很
难使青少年病人关注健 康的饮食，他告诉青少年病人多吃高纤维食物可以降低在
中年之前患乳腺癌的风险。由此可知，把纤维放 到青少年饮食中能够帮助人们避
免患乳腺癌。故选C。
14. A) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.
B)It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.
C)It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.
D)It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.
【答案】D < br>【解析】听力材料中提到，有一项基于对44000名女性研究的新发现。该研
究调查了她们高中 时期的饮食，还追踪了她们20年来的饮食习惯。由此可知，
这项对44000名女性的研究追踪了她们 自青春期以来的饮食习惯。故选D。
15. A) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.
B)Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.
C)Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.
D)Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.
【答案】A
【解析】文章中提到，对44000名女性的研究表明了长期以来的证据，即纤
维能够降低雌性 激素的循环水平，这一点能够解释纤维为什么能够降低患乳腺癌
的风险。其本质内容就是你吃的纤维越多 ，你身体中的激素水平可能越低，因此，
患乳腺癌的风险也就越低。故选A。
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of
lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will
be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the
centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) Observing the changes in marketing.
B) Conducting research on consumer behavior.
C)Studying the hazards of young people drinking.
D) Investigating the impact of media on government.
【答案】B
【解析】听 力材料开头就提到，说话者目前的研究实际上是关于消费者行为。
其中，文章中提到的市场变化、年轻人 喝酒都是在用案例论证要从消费者的角度
看问题。媒体对政府的影响并未提及。故选B。
17. A) It is the cause of many street riots.
B) It is getting worse year by year.
C)It is a chief concern of parents.
D) It is an act of socialising.
【答案】D
【解析】听力材料中提到，在年轻人喝酒的案 例中，能够确定的其中一件事
情是对于18-24岁的年轻人来说，喝酒与参与社会活动有关。文章中还 提到年轻
人喝酒目前备受政府而不是父母的关切。故选D。
18. A) They spent a week studying their own purchasing behavior.
B)They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.
C)They analysed their family budgets over the years.
D)They conducted a thorough research on advertising.
【答案】A
【解析】听力材料中提到，说话者的学生去年花了一周的时间研究他们自己
的购买行为，并且对从商店到他们与零售银行和手机提供商之间的关系做了详细
的分析。故选A。
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.
B)It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.
C)It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.
D)It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.
【答案】D
【解析】题目是问从听力中我们对瑞典有何了解。听 力材料开头提到，瑞典
是第一个印刷和使用纸币的欧洲国家，但是它可能很快将不再使用纸币。D选项< br>符合题意。故选D。
20. A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical
currency.
B)Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to
spend.
C)Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend
more.
D)Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday
life.
【答案】C
【解析】听力材料中提到，克莱尔?贝瑞塔想查明没有纸币 是否确实会导致
一个人花更多的钱，因此她几个月前决定做一项实验。故选C。
21. A) There was no food service on the train.
B) The service on the train was not good.
C)The restaurant car accepted cash only.
D) The cash in her handbag was missing.
【答案】C
【解析】听力材料 中提到，克莱尔?贝瑞塔在实验期间坐了一次火车。在途
中，有一项通告告诉人们餐车目前不接受信用卡 支付。因为很多乘客旅行中没有
带现金， 所以火车上有很多抱怨。由此可知，火车上的餐车只接受现金支付。
故选C。
22. A) By putting money into envelopes.
B)By drawing money week by week.
C)By limiting their day- to-day spending.
D)By refusing to buy anything on credit.
【答案】A
【解析】听力材料中提到，贝瑞塔说她的父母年轻的时候 常把钱放进信封里
来做预算。当他们拿到工资后，他们便立马把现金分为几份放进信封，这样他们
就能知道每周有多少钱。故选A。
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
23. A) Population explosion.
B)Chronic hunger.
C)Extinction of rare species.
D)Environmental deterioration.
【答案】B
【 解析】听力材料中提到，说话者想要告诉我们人类人口的过去、现在和将
来，并且用几个问题作为开场。 第一个问题就是：现在有十亿人长期处于饥饿状
态，这意味着他们醒来后感觉俄，一整天都感觉饿，睡觉 的时候也感觉饿。故选
B。
24. A) They contribute to overpopulation.
B)About half of them are unintended.
C)They have been brought under control.
D)The majority of them tend to end halfway.
【答案】B
【解析】听力材料中提到，有2000—2500万不识字的 女人在生育上没有得
到她们想要的控制。这一问题不只在发展中国家有，全球有近五成的怀孕是出于意外。故选B。
25. A) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.
B)It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.
C)It is neglected in many of the developing countries.
D)It is beginning to attract postgraduates’ attention.
【答案】A
【解析】听力材料中提 到，人口统计学不仅关乎人类的种群，也关乎于非人
类种群，还包括无生命的对象。它是一种干预真实世 界更明智、更有效的方法。
它不仅能够提高你自己的福祉，同样重要的是，它还能够提高你自己和周围的 人
以及与我们共享地球的其 他物种的福祉。由此可知，人口统计学对地球上所有
物种来说都是必要的。故选A。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You
are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given
in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer sheet
2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words
in the bank more than once.
After becoming president of Purdue University in 2013, Mitch Daniels
asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one
of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills.
Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that
more than a third had made no __26__ gains in such mental abilities during
their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to __27__ the high cost of attending
Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of
Americans who say a college degree is “very important” has fallen __28__
in the last 5-6 years.
Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students’ critical thinking
skills. Yet like many college teachers around the U.S., the faculty remain
__29__ that their work as educators can be measured by a “learning __30__”
such as a graduate’s ability to investigate and reason. However, the
professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment
showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students
do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and
quantitative literacy.
Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are
worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the
experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving at high levels
on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or
quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students
nearing graduation.
American universities, despite their global __33__ for excellence in
teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in
real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but
employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If
the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more
people will seek higher education---and come out better thinkers.
A) accurately B) confirm C) demanding D) doubtful E) drastically
F) justify G) monopolized H) outcome I) predominance J) presuming
K) reputation L) significant M) signify N) simultaneously O)
standardized
26.【解析】L。空格前是形容词no,空格后是名词gains，所以此空应该填
入一个形容词。根 据句意，选项中只有significant符合句意。have made no
significant gains意为“未能取得显著提升”。故选L。
27.【解析】F。空格前是不定式to，空格后是名词词组the high cost,所
以此空应该填入一个动词原形。根据句意，动词原形中只有justify符合句意。
故选F。
28.【解析】E。空格前是has fallen，空格后是时间状语in the last 5-6
years，本句是现在完成时且不缺句子成分，所以此空应该填入一个副词。根据
句 意，选项中只有drastically符合句意。故选E。
29.【解析】D。空格前是动词rem ain，空格后是that引导的表语从句，所
以此空应该填入一个形容词。根据句意，选项中只有do ubtful符合句意。故选
D。
30.【解析】H。双引号前是不定冠词a，所以此空应填 入一个名词。根据句
意，选项中只有outcome符合句意。故选H。
31.【解析】O。 空格前是动词use，空格后是名词metrics，所以此空应该
填入一个形容词或名词。根据句意， 选项中只有standardized符合句意。故选
O。
32.【解析】B。空格前是副词mostly，空格后是名词词组earlier studies，
由空格所在小分句开头的and以及本句主语the actual results 可知，此空应
该填入一个动词原形。根据句意，选项中只有confirm符合句意。故选B。
33.【解析】K。空格前是形容词global，空格后是介词调组for excellence
in teaching，所以此空应该填入一个名词。根据句意，选项中只有reputation< br>符合句意。故选K。
34.【解析】C。空格前是系动词are,空格后是名词词组advanced thinking
skills,所以此空应该填入一个动词，构成现在进行时。根据句意，“基于知识
的学位仍 然很重要，但雇主要求大学毕业生具备较强的思维能力。” 选项中只
有demanding (要求；查问）符合句意。demand from为固定搭配，意为“向 要
求”。故选C。
35.【解析】A。空格前是系动词be，空格后是动词的被动语态measured，
所以此空应该 填入一个副词，以修饰measured。根据句意，选项中只有
accurately符合句意。故选 A。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information
is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is
marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer sheet 2.
The Price of Oil and the Price of Carbon
[A] Fossil fuel prices are likely to stay “low for long”.
Notwithstanding important recent progress in developing renewable fuel
sources, low fossil fuel prices could discourage further innovation in,
and adoption of, cleaner energy technologies. The result would be higher
emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
[B] Policymakers should not allow low energy prices to derail the
clean energy transition. Action to restore appropriate price incentives,
notably through corrective carbon pricing, is urgently needed to lower
the risk of irreversible and potentially devastating effects of climate
change. That approach also offers fiscal benefits.
[C] Oil prices have dropped by over 60% since June 2014. A commonly
held view in the oil industry is that “the best cure for low oil prices
is low oil prices”. The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices
discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the
oil supply curve backward and bringing prices back up as existing oil
fields---which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost----are
depleted. In fact, in line with past experience, capital expenditure in
the oil sector has dropped sharply in many producing countries, including
the United States. The dynamic adjustment to low oil prices may, however,
be different this time around.
[D] Oil prices are expected to remain lower for longer. The advent
of new technologies has added about 4.2 million barrels per day to the
crude oil market, contributing to a global over-supply. In addition, other
factors are putting downward pressure on oil prices: change in the
strategic behavior of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,
the projected increase in Iranian exports, the scaling-down of global
demand (especially from emerging markets), the long-term drop in
petroleum consumption in the United States, and some displacement of oil
by substitutes. These likely persistent forces, like the growth of
shale(页岩) oil, point to a “low for long” scenario. Futures markets,
which show only a modest recovery of prices to around $$60 a barrel by 2019,
support this view.
[E] Natural gas and coal—also fossil fuels—have similarly seen
price declines that look to be long-lived. Coal and natural gas are mainly
used for electricity generation, whereas oil is used mostly to power
transportation, yet the prices of all these energy sources are linked.
The North American shale gas boom has resulted in record low prices there.
The recent discovery of the giant Zohr gas field off the Egyptian coast
will eventually have impact on pricing in the Mediterranean region and
Europe, and there is significant development potential in many other
places, notably Argentina. Coal prices also are low, owing to over- supply
and the scaling-down of demand, especially from China, which bums half
of the world’s coal.
[F] Technological innovations have unleashed the power of renewables
such as wind, hydro, solar, and geothermal(地热). Even Africa and the
Middle East, home to economies that are heavily dependent on fossil fuel
exports, have enormous potential to develop renewables. For example, the
United Arab Emirates has endorsed an ambitious target to draw 24% of its
primary energy consumption from renewable sources by 2021.
[G] Progress in the development of renewables could be fragile,
however, if fossil fuel prices remain low for long. Renewables account
for only a small share of global primary energy consumption, which is still
dominated by fossil fuels—30% each for coal and oil, 25% for natural gas.
But renewable energy will have to displace fossil fuels to a much greater
extent in the future to avoid unacceptable climate risks.
[H] Unfortunately, the current low prices for oil, gas, and coal may
provide little incentive for research to find even cheaper substitutes
for those fuels. There is strong evidence that both innovation and
adoption of cleaner technology are strongly encouraged by higher fossil
fuel prices. The same is true for new technologies for alleviating fossil
fuel emissions.
[I] The current low fossil fuel price environment will thus certainly
delay the energy transition from fossil fuel to clean energy sources.
Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits
are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will
likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.
[J] Some climate impacts may already be discernible. For example, the
United Nations Children’s Fund estimates that some 11 million children
in Africa face hunger, disease, and water shortages as a result of the
strongest El Nino(厄尔尼诺) weather phenomenon in decades. Many
scientists believe that El Nino events, caused by warming in the Pacific,
are becoming more intense as a result of climate change.
[K] Nations from around the world have gathered in Paris for the United
Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21, with the goal of a universal
and potentially legally-binding agreement on reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. We need very broad participation to fully address the global
tragedy that results when countries fail to take into account the negative
impact of their carbon emissions on the rest of the world. Moreover,
non-participation by nations, if sufficiently widespread, can undermine
the political will of participating countries to act.
[L] The nations participating at COP 21 are focusing on quantitative
emissions-reduction commitments. Economic reasoning shows that the least
expensive way for each country is to put a price on carbon emissions. The
reason is that when carbon is priced, those emissions reductions that are
least costly to implement will happen first. The International Monetary
Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues
by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that
capture the domestic damage caused by emissions. A tax on upstream carbon
sources is one easy way to put a price on carbon emissions, although some
countries may wish to use other methods, such as emissions trading schemes.
In order to maximize global welfare, every country’s carbon pricing should
reflect not only the purely domestic damage from emissions, but also the
damage to foreign countries.
[M] Setting the right carbon price will therefore efficiently align
the costs paid by carbon users with the true social opportunity cost of
using carbon. By raising relative demand for clean energy sources, a
carbon price would also help align the market return to clean-energy
innovation with its social return, spurring the refinement of existing
technologies and the development of new ones. And it would raise the demand
for technologies such as carbon capture and storage, spurring their
further development. If not corrected by the appropriate carbon price,
low fossil fuel prices are not accurately signaling to markets the true
social profitability of clean energy. While alternative estimates of the
damage from carbon emissions differ, and it’s especially hard to reckon
the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates
suggest substantial negative effects.
[N] Direct subsidies to research and development have been adopted
by some governments but are a poor substitute for a carbon price: they
do only part of the job, leaving in place market incentives to over-use
fossil fuels and thereby add to the stock of atmospheric greenhouse gases
without regard to the collateral(附带的) costs.
[O] The hope is that the success of COP 21 opens the door to future
international agreement on carbon prices. Agreement on an international
carbon-price floor would be a good starting point in that process. Failure
to address comprehensively the problem of greenhouse gas emissions,
however, exposes all generations, present and future, to incalculable
risks.
36. A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not
just for now but in the foreseeable future.
37. Pricing carbon proves the most economical way to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.
38. It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered
the lives of millions of African children.
39. The prices of coal are low as a result of over-supply and
decreasing demand.
40. Higher fossil fuel prices prove to be conducive to innovation and
application of cleaner technology.
41. If fossil fuel prices remain low for a long time, it may lead to
higher emissions of greenhouse gases.
42. Fossil fuels remain the major source of primary energy consumption
in today’s world.
43. Even major fossil exporting countries have great potential to
develop renewable energies.
44. Greenhouse gas emissions, if not properly dealt with, will pose
endless risks for mankind.
45. It is urgent for governments to increase the cost of using fossil
fuels to an appropriate level to lessen the catastrophic effects of
climate change.
36.【解析】[D]。根据题干中的关键词A number of factors 和 driving down
the global oil prices 可定位至[D]段第三、四句。
37.【解析】[L]。根据题干中的关键词Pricing carbon 和 the most
economical way 可定位至[L]段第 二句。
38.【解析】[J]。根据题干中的关键词African children可定位至[J]段第
二句。
39.【解析】[E]。根据题干中的关键词 over-supply and decreasing demand
可定位至[E]段最后一句。
40.【解析】[H]。根据题干中的关键词higher fossil fuel prices 以及
innovation and application of cleaner technology可定位至[H]段第二句。
41.【解析】[A]。根据题干中的关键词remain low for a long time 和 higher
emissions of greenhouse gases可定位至[A]段第一、三句。
42.【解析】[G]。根据题干中的关键词primary energy consumption可定
位至[G]段第二句。
43.【解析】[F]。根据题干中的关键词major fossil exporting countries
和 develop renewable energies可定位至[F]段第二句。
44.【解析】[O]。根据题干中的关鍵词not properly dealt with 和 pose
endless risks 可定位至[O] 段最后一句。
45.【解析】 [B]。细节题。根据题干中的关键词urgent for governments,
increase the cost 和 lessen the catastrophic effects可定位至[B]段第二
句。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is
followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them
there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although
many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would
accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own
labors online.
Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for
example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository(库), and
astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from,
say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500
million objects--- but these remain the exception, not the rule.
Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it
is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant
funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on
standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit
for data.
But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and
funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data
public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that
scientists need to “shift away from a research culture where data is
viewed as a private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for
with public money should be public information, and the scientific
community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways
that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are
springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and
enable other researchers to discover and cite them.
Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages
of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic(利他的). Researchers
who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with
colleagues, improved visibility and increased citations. The most
successful sharers一those whose data are downloaded and cited the most
often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the
most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood
density around the world; it has been downloaded 5,700 times. Co-author
Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate- change
researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to
foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. “I’
d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask
their own questions,” she says. “It’s important to allow readers and
reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data
and code allows your science to be reproducible.”
Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the
effort to organize and label files so others can understand them,
scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus
avoiding confusion later on.
46. What do many researchers generally accept?
A) It is imperative to protect scientists’ patents.
B)Repositories are essential to scientific research.
C)Open data sharing is most important to medical science.
D)Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.
【答案】D
【解析】由题干中的关键词many researchers, generally accept可定位
至原文的第一段。D项中的is conducive to scientific advancement 对应原
文的 accelerate science。因此选 D。
47. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own
data public?
A) Opposed. B) Ambiguous. C) Liberal. D) Neutral.
【答案】A
【解析】本题定位至原文第一段的最后：但是大部分研 究人员仍不愿意将自
己的劳动成果放在网上。此外，第二段的第二句说到， 科学家曾经给出许多反
对共享的原因……。这充分说明大部分研究人员反对公开他们的数据。因此选A。
48. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?
A) The fear of massive copying.
B)The lack of a research culture.
C)The belief that research data is private intellectual property.
D)The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.
【答案】C
【解析】本题定位至原文的第三段。其中原文中的“将数据视为私人所有的
研究文化”也就是“认为研究数据是private intellectual property的观点”，
因此选C。
49. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?
A)The ever-growing demand for big data.
B) The advancement of digital technology.
C)The changing attitude of journals and funders.
D) The trend of social and economic development.
【答案】C
【解析】由题干中的关键词barriers可定位至原文的第三段。该段指出，
障碍正在消失，部分原因是全世界的杂志和资金资助机构正在鼓励科学家们将数
据公开。……资 金资助机构表明使用公共资金赞助的数据应该成为公共信息。这
表明杂志和资助方的态度已经开始接受共 享数据的观念，其态度发生了改变，因
此选C。
50. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.
A)is becoming increasingly popular
B) benefits sharers and users alike
C)makes researchers successful
D)saves both money and labor
【答案】B
【解析】由题干中的关键词Dryad可定位至倒数第二段。原文意 思是使用者
对公开的数据有疑问的，还可对这些数据提出问题，这样可以使分享者进一步完
善数 据。这说明，公开数据分享无论对于数据的分享者还是使用者，他们都能从
中受益。因此选B。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Macy’s reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at
stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance
that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing
wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend
heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers
due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy’s has simply struggled to lure
consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than
on new clothes or accessories.
The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and
December on unseasonably warm weather. “About 80% of our company’s
year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to
shortfalls(短缺) in cold-weather goods,” said chief executive Teny
Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts
for the full fourth quarter.
However, it’s clear that Macy’s believes its troubles run deeper
than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant
said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin
implementing $$400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged
to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles
would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer “voluntary
separation” packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing
at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.
The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close
in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures,
but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain’
s stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.
Macy’s has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a
new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy’s
Backstage, a newly- developed off-price concept which might help it better
compete with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It’s also pushing ahead in 2016 with
an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a
time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta
instead of department store beauty counters, Macy’s hopes Bluemercury
will help strengthen its position in the category.
One relative bright spot for Macy’s during the holiday season was
the online channel, where it rang up “double-digit” increases in sales
and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative
strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder retail
industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving,
Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store
sales plunged over the holiday weekend.
51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of
international tourists in the U.S.?
A)It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.
B)It is a direct result of the global economic recession.
C)It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.
D)It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.
【答案】A
【解析】根据题干中的关键调shrinking, spending, international
tourists 可定位至第一段的第二句，因此选A。
52. What does Macy’s believe about its problems?
A) They can be solved with better management.
B) They cannot be attributed to weather only.
C) They are not as serious in its online stores.
D) They call for increased investments.
【答案】B
52.【解析】本题定位于第二段的第一句，因此选B。
53. In order to cut costs, Macy’s decided to ________.
A) cut the salary of senior executives
B) relocate some of its chain stores
C) adjust its promotion strategies
D) reduce the size of its staff
【答案】D
【解析】根据题干中的关键词cut costs可定位于第三段的第二句至该段的
最后一句，因此选D。
54. Why does Macy’s plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?
A) To experiment on its new business concept. B) To focus more on
beauty products than clothing.
C) To promote sales of its products by lowering prices. D) To be more
competitive in sales of beauty products.
【答案】D
【解析】根据题干中的关键词expand，Bluemercury, in 2016可定位至第
五段的第三、四句，因此选D。
55. What can we learn about Macy’s during the holiday season?
A) Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.
B)Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx.
C)It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.
D)It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.
【答案】D
【解析】根据题干中的关键词holiday season可定位至最后一段。因此选
D。
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate
a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer
Sheet 2.
宋朝始于960年，一直延续到1279年。这一时期，中 国经济大幅增长，成
为世界上最先进的经济体，科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展。宋代中国是世界历史上首先发行纸币的国家。宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字（movable-type）
印刷 。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生
活多种多样。人们聚集在一起 观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体制在当时也
是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。
【答案】The Song Dynasty started from 960 and lasted until 1279. During
that period, China had witnessed a dramatic economic growth, making it
the most advanced economy in the world. In the meantime, science,
technology, philosophy and mathematics also experienced vigorous
development. China back then was the first country to issue the paper money
and also the earliest to use gunpowder and invent movable-type printing
around the world. With burgeoning population, an increasing number of
people flocked to cities where there were bustling entertainment outlets.
People at that time enjoyed rich social life, gathering together to
appreciate and trade precious artworks. The government system in Song
Dynasty was also advanced, with all government officials selected and
appointed through competitive examination.

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真
题及答案解析（第3套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend
college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are
required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【参考范文】
Whether to Attend College at Home or Abroad?
Currently, with studying abroad gains mounting popularity among
people, there is a heated debate about whether to attend college at home
or abroad. Opinions on this topic vary from person to person. Some see
more benefits in studying at home while others claim that studying abroad
is a more ideal choice as it’s more challenging.
Personally, I am a strong favorer of the latter view. Listed below
are the reasons for my advice. First of all, attending college abroad
provides an opportunity to broaden one’s experience and mind. You can
acquire cross-cultural experiences and gain new perspectives on your
chosen field of study. In addition, studying abroad helps you to polish
your social skills; you can make friends with different people with
different background. Thirdly, overseas studying is conducive to the
formation of an independent, autonomous and tenacious personality, which
will ultimately benefit the achievement of our life goals.
Just as an old saying goes: “It is better to travel thousand miles
than to read ten thousand books.” Then studying abroad can not only enable
us to reap in our books, but also in our trips. And this is why attending
college abroad is a preferable selection for me.
Part II Listening Comprehension
说明：201 7年6月大学英语六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三
套）的听力材料与第一套完全一样，只是 选项的顺序不同而已，故本套不再重
复给出。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You
are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given
in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet
2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words
in the bank more than once.
Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep
in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often __26__ to
as the “first-night- effect”. Researchers from Brown University found
that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain “remained more active”
than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the
right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of __27__ was more likely
to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear.
It was __28__ observed that the left side of the brain was more active
during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory
experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere
could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers
explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a __29__ environment
the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves
against any __30__ danger.
The researchers believe this is the first time that the
“first-night-effect” of different brain states has been __31__ in humans.
It isn’t, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal __32__
also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other
__33__ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep.
A previous study noted that dolphins always __34__ control their breathing.
Without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably drown.
But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their
eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for __35__ while asleep.
It also keeps their physiological processes working.
A) classified B) consciously C) dramatically D) exotic E) identified
F) inherent G) marine H) novel I) potential J) predators
K) referred L) species M) specifically N) varieties O) volunteers
26.【解析】K。空格前是系动词is和副词often，空格后是不定式to，所
以此空应 该填入一个形容词或者动词的-ed形式。选项referred符合句意。be
referred to as为固定搭配，意为“被称为”。故选K。
27.【解析】O。空格前是名词词组the right ears和介词of ，空格后是
系动词was，所以此空应该填入一个表示人的名词，表 示所属关系。选项
volunteers符合句意。故选O。
28.【解析】M。空格前是系动词was，空格后是动词的-ed形式observed，
所 以此空应该填入一个副词，修饰observed。选项specifically
符合。故选M。
29.【解析】H。空格前是不定冠词a；空格后是名词environment，所以此
空应 该填入一个形容词。选项novel符合句意。故选H。
30.【解析】I。空格前是代词any ， 空格后是名词danger，所以此空应该
填入一个形容词。选项potential符合句意。故选I 。
31.【解析】E。空格前是现在完成时的标志词has been ，空格后是介词词
组in humans，所以此空应该填入一个动词的- ed形式。选项identified符合句
意。故选E。
32.【解析】L。空格前是名词 animal，空格后是副词also和动词display,
谓语和宾语完整，所以此空应该填入一个 名词，与some animal构成名词词组，
作主语。选项species符合句意。故选L。 < br>33.【解析】G。空格前是代词other，空格后是名词animals，所以此空应
该填入 一个形容词。选项marine符合句意。故选G。
34.【解析】B。空格前是宾语从句的主语do lphins和副词always，空格后
是谓语动词control，所以此空应该填入一个副词，修 饰control。
选项consciously符合句意。故选B。
35.【解析】J。空格前是谓语动词look out for，空格后是时间状语从句
while asleep，所以此空应该填入一个名词，作表语从句的谓语。
选项predators符合句意。故选J。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in
one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information
is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is
marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Elite Math Competitions Struggle to Diversify Their Talent Pool
[A] Interest in elite high school math competitions has grown in
recent years, and in light of last summer’s U.S. win at the International
Math Olympiad (IMO)---the first for an American team in more than two
decades—the trend is likely to continue.
[B] But will such contests, which are overwhelmingly dominated by
Asian and white students from middle-class and affluent families, become
any more diverse? Many social and cultural factors play roles in
determining which promising students get on the path toward international
math recognition. But efforts are in place to expose more black, Hispanic,
and low-income students to advanced math, in the hope that the demographic
pool of high- level contenders will eventually begin to shift and become
less exclusive.
[C] “The challenge is if certain types of people are doing something,
it’s difficult for other people to break into it,” said Po-Shen Loh,
the head coach of last year’s winning U.S. Math Olympiad team.
Participation grows through friends and networks and if “you realize that’
s how they’re growing, you can start to take action” and bring in other
students, he said.
[D] Most of the training for advanced-math competitions happens
outside the confines of the normal school day. Students attend
after-school clubs, summer camps, online forums and classes, and
university-based “math circles”, to prepare for the competitions.
[E] One of the largest feeders for high school math competitions
—including those that eventually lead to the IMO—is a middle school
program called Math Counts. About 100,000 students around the country
participate in the program’s competition series, which culminates in a
national game-show-style contest held each May. The most recent one took
place last week in Washington, D.C. Students join a team through their
schools, which provide a volunteer coach and pay a nominal fee to send
students to regional and state competitions. The 224 students who make
it to the national competition get an all-expenses- paid trip.
[F] Nearly all members of last year’s winning U.S. IMO team took part
in Math Counts as middle school students, as did Loh, the coach. “Middle
school is an important age because students have enough math capability
to solve advanced problems, but they haven’t really decided what they
want to do with their lives,” said Loh. “They often get hooked then.”
[G] Another influential feeder for advanced-math students is an
online school called Art of Problem Solving, which began about 13 years
ago and now has 15,000 users. Students use forums to chat, play games,
and solve problems together at no cost, or they can pay a few hundred
dollars to take courses with trained teachers. According to Richard
Rusczyk, the company founder, the six U.S. team members who competed at
the IMO last year collectively took more than 40 courses on the site.
Parents of advanced- math students and Math Counts coaches say the
children are on the website constantly.
[H] There are also dozens of summer camps—many attached to
universities—that aim to prepare elite math students. Some are
pricey---a three-week intensive program can cost $$4,500 or more—but most
offer scholarships. The Math Olympiad Summer Training Program is a
three-week math camp held by the Mathematical Association of America that
leads straight to the international championship and is free for those
who make it. Only about 50 students are invited based on their performance
on written tests and at the USA Math Olympiad.
[I] Students in university towns may also have access to another lever
for involvement in accelerated math: math circles. In these groups, which
came out of an Eastern European tradition of developing young talent,
professors teach promising K-12 students advanced mathematics for several
hours after school or on weekends. The Los Angeles Math Circle, held at
the University of California, Los Angeles, began in 2007 with 20 students
and now has more than 250. “These math circles cost nothing, or they’
re very cheap for students to get involved in, but you have to know about
them,” said Rusczyk. “Most people would love to get students from more
underserved populations, but they just can’t get them in the door. Part
of it is communication; part of it is transportation.”
[J] It’s no secret in the advanced-math community that diversity is
a problem. According to Mark Saul, the director of competitions for the
Mathematical Association of America, not a single African-American or
Hispanic student---and only a handful of girls ---has ever made it to the
Math Olympiad team in its 50 years of existence. Many schools simply don’
t prioritize academic competitions. “Do you know who we have to beat?”
asked Saul. “The football team, the basketball team---that’s our
competition for resources, student time, attention, school dollars,
parent efforts, school enthusiasm.”
[K] Teachers in low-income urban and rural areas with no history of
participating in math competitions may not know about advanced-math
opportunities like Math Counts—and those who do may not have support or
feel trained to lead them.
[L] But there are initiatives in place to try to get more
underrepresented students involved in accelerated math. A New York
City-based nonprofit called Bridge to Enter Mathematics runs a
residential summer program aimed at getting underserved students，mostly
black and Hispanic, working toward math and science careers. The summer
after 7th grade, students spend three weeks on a college campus studying
advanced math for seven hours a day. Over the next five years, the group
helps the students get into other elite summer math programs,
high-performing high schools, and eventually college. About 250 students
so far have gone through the program, which receives funding from the Jack
Kent Cooke Foundation.
[M] “If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United
States, there are programs that are serving them, but they’ re primarily
centered around ‘Let’s get these kids’ grades up’, and not around ‘Let’
s get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent
kids,’” said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of
the program. “We’re trying to create that pathway.” Students apply to
the program directly through their schools. “We want to reach parents
who are not plugged into the system,” said Zaharopol.
[N] In the past few years, Math Counts added two new middle school
programs to try to diversify its participant pool---the National Math Club
and the Math Video Challenge. Schools or teachers who sign up for the
National Math Club receive a kit full of activities and resources, but
there’s no special teacher training and no competition attached.
[O] The Math Video Challenge is a competition, but a collaborative
one. Teams of four students make a video illustrating a math problem and
its real-world application. After the high-pressure Countdown round at
this year’s national Math Counts competition, in which the top 12 students
went head to head solving complex problems in rapid fire, the finalists
for the Math Video Challenge took the stage to show their videos. The
demographics of that group looked quite different from those in the
competition round ---of the 16 video finalists, 13 were girls and eight
were African-American students. The video challenge does not put
individual students on the hot seat---so it’s less intimidating by design.