历史英文旅游英语选读1

2021年1月8日发(作者：梅健鹰)
Lession 1 What is tourism?
1. Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providing
tourist goods and services / The goverment of the host community or area / The host community
2. The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions that
have arisen is amied at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform
definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.
3. One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to
understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.
4. WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)
1) The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying
in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business
and other purposes.
2) The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)
a) Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidents
b) Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country
3) The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country
4) The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourism
market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)
5) The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(the
resident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)
5. Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)
1) The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50
miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to
work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.
2) Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other nonresident
travelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business ers are included
and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants,
former residents, military personnel, and crews.
3) The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,taken
by residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(nonholiday), or for business, conferences, and
most other purposes.
4) Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, for
a period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.
5) Chuna（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stay
by people who have left home to go to other places to visit.
Notes；
Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园
vital to对...至关重要 the rail of a cruise sgip游船栏杆 make a profit获得利润
tax receipts税收收入 the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入 the sum total收入乘数
august bodies权威机构 ...arriving at a consensus达到统一 round trip往返旅行
narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义 come up with a meaningful definition that will
be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义

Lession 2 Mass tourism and New tourism
1. Modern tourism
1) The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but not
exclusively for education and pleasure.
2) The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, a
Russian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.
2. Mass tourism（大众旅游）
1) The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity
2) Four conditions（4个条件）:
a) The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and part of the holiday could
be altered except by paying higher prices.
b) The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scale
economies as the driving force.
c) The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.
d) The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,
culture, people or the environmens of tourist receiving destinations.
3. New tourism（新旅游）
1) The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristics of the new tourism is flexibility---flexible
consumers, flexibile services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.
2) Conditions（条件）:
a) The holiday isflexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive with
mass-produced holidays.
b) Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economies
-made services will be produced while still takong advantages of scale
economies where they apply.
c) Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.
d) The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints and
travel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.
e) The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,
more educated, more destinationoriented, more independent, more flexible and more
‘green’
f) Comsumers look at the enviroment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key part
of the holiday ecperience.
3) Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:
a) New consumers
b) New technologies
c) New production practices
d) New management techniques
e) Changes in the industry’s frame conditions
Notes:
Harks back to可追溯到，开始于 Low Countries低地国家 package tours包价旅游
Was equated with相等 purchasing power购买力 coupled with外加，加上
Paid holidays带薪假日 mass tourism大众旅游 charter flights包机航班
Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合 diagonal integration斜向联合
Market segmentation市场细分 airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断 takes hold固定下来，确立
Customized cervices按要求提供的服务 dominant paradigm主要形式 geared to适应
More green更有环保意识 scale economics规模经济 scope economics范围经济
Tailor-made services特别服务项目 at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港 holds for适用于
Take hold抓住 spur on飞驰

Lession 3 Tourism Organizations
1. International Organizations（国际旅游）:
1) World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入
It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.
2) International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入
It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.
3) International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入
It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.
2. Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:
1) Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织
2) Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入
3. National Organization（国家组织）:
1) The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理
2) The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局
Notes:
Access to能进入，能适用 tourist operatprs旅游经营商 police registration出境证明
Frontier formalities边境手续 air carriers航空公司 baggage checks行李票
Accreditation services审定工作 contracting countries签约国 in accordance with根据
Apply to适用于 be of use有用的 eligible for合格，够资格 concentrate on集中于
Rank as排名 second to仅次于 engaged in从事于

Lession 4 Defining the Person
1. International travel
1) The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次
提出的建议）
The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived
League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visting a country, other
than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.
2) The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：
The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the
Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new
type of traveller called an international excurionist.
3) Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel and
Tourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：
It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for
less than 24 hours.
4) The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the Expert
Statistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：
They syggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or
Excursionists, who did not.
5) Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款
的定义）：
International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:
International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination
country.