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一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在 文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Fear of missing out
It's Friday night. While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking
out a restaurant that's just opened, you've decided to spend this highly cherished night of the
week by yourself. The night is yours to enjoy. If you think this sounds relaxing, you're not alone.
At least for a little while until you start wondering if you've made the right choice. A doubt begins
sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet
evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement
quickly turns to anxiety.
Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is a common feeling. A recent study defined FOMO as “the
uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out — your peers are doing or in
possession of more or something better than you.
Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness. Research has found that
those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. Further
worsening the all- too-common feeling is the rise of social media use. Active users of social media
have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others'. Rather than finding
happiness through their own experiences, they begin worrying that theirs aren't objectively
better than anyone else's.
The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching. One study conducted with first-
year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue(疲劳), stress,
and sleep problems. Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of
participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through
increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.
So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude. By reflecting on what you already
have, you're less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don't. Another
alternative?
Embrace(欣然接受) JOMO, or the joy of missing out. JOMO allows you to shift your focus to
what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around
you may be doing. So, turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while
resisting the urge to upload and share it. While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不
懈), the results are well worth the effort.
By embracing the joy of missing out, you make room for all the benefits that come from
spending time with yourself and the inner wholeness you contain; you create space to keep up
with the things you wish you had more time for — gardening, reading, resting, exercising, cooking,
learning, or simply being; and you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys
and quirks that lie beneath the surface.
Fear of missing out
Introduction to FOMO is a common fear that others might be having rewarding experiences
FOMO
from which you are ________. For example, initially, you enjoy spending a
Friday night alone in your own way. However, thinking of your friends'
possible fun, you begin to have ________ about your original decision, which
makes you________.
Causes of FOMO
*People are not really happy and even feel ________with their life.
*The use of social media may result in FOMO, especially when people make
negative ________between themselves and others.
Consequences of
*It can contribute to people's physical and mental ________.
FOMO
overcoming
FOMO
embracing
JOMO
【答案】 absent；doubts；anxious；unsatisfied；compari sons；discomforts/problems；
borrow；grateful/than kful；focusing；know/understand
【解析】【分析】本 文是一篇说明文，介绍了FOMO“害怕错过”以及产生的原因，结果，
克服它的方法。并介绍了JOM O“错失的快乐”的益处。
（1）考查提取信息的能力。根据第二段中的“A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy
and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out — your peers are doing or in
possession of more or something better than you.”可知，最近的一项研究将“FOMO ”定义为
“一种不安的、有时是全神贯注的感觉。你正 在错过你的同龄人正在做或拥有比你更多或更
好的东西。”所以空处填absent. 填absent。
（2）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the
fun your friends are having in your absence”可知，当你想象你的朋友们在你不 在的时候玩得
多么开心时，你开始产生怀疑。所以空处填doubts. 故填doubts。
（3）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“ Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for
yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.”可
知，突然间，你为 自己计划的安静的夜晚开始失去它最初的吸引力，你发现你的兴奋很快
变成了焦虑。所以空处填anxi ous. 故填anxious。
（4）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“ Research has found that those with low levels
of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO”研究发现，总体生活满意度较
低的人更容易出现“害怕错过”。所以空处填 unsatisfied。故填unsatisfied。
（5）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Active users of social media have a higher
probability of comparing their achievements with others”积极使用社交媒体的用户更有可能将
自己的成就 与其他人进行比较。所以空处填comparisons。故填 comparisons。
（6）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“One study conducted with first-year university
*It can cause people to ________money to keep up with others' lifestyles.
*Embrace the joy of missing out, ________on what you want without trying
to seek attention.
*It gives you a chance to________yourself better.
Approaches to *Be________for what you have now.
Benefits of *It allows you to have time alone to do whatever you enjoy doing.
students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue( 疲 劳 ), stress, and sleep
problems”一项针对大学一年级学生的研究发现，“害怕错过”与疲劳、 压力和睡眠等问题有
关。所以空处填discomforts/problems. 故填discomforts/problems。
（7）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的
“ Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants
admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased
spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.”可知，此外，在 2018年对1045名年龄在
18岁至34岁之间的美国人进行的一项研究中，近40%的参与者承认 ，负债只是为了跟上
朋友的生活方式，通常是通过增加在食品、旅游、服装和电子产品上的支出。所以空 处填
borrow。故填borrow。
（8）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with
gratitude”可知你怎么能克服恐惧呢？从感恩开始。所 以空处填grateful/thankful。故填
grateful/thankful。
（9）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what
you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you
may be doing.”JOMO让你在任何时候都可以将 注意力转移到你真正想要的东西上，而不用
担心周围的人在做什么。所以空处填 focusing。故填focusing。
（10）考查提取信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“you see yourself in new ways and unearth
the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.”可知，你用新的方式看待自己 ，
挖掘出隐藏在表面下的天赋，恐惧，快乐和怪癖。所以空处填 know/understand。故填
now/understand。
【点评 】本题涉及考查提取信息的能力，要求考生准确理解所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑
关系，结合相关的语法 知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。
2．阅读下面材料，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
The autumn wind woke me up from my dream. I took a deep breath and looked around.
Suddenly I saw two people approaching me. As there was no one else in the park, they caught my
attention immediately.
The two people were getting closer and I heard them laughing. At first, this laugh made me
annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts. But all of a
sudden, I noticed the age of them — they were old. I could not clearly identify their age, but the
woman looked as old as my grandmother. She had grey hair, blue eyes, and a smile on her face.
And all the time she was looking at HIM...
me.— that was all he said. He looked at her, smiled and gave her a hug.
At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often
she could be complaining, he loved her! I imagined the many things they might go through
together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be
experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other. And the one
that outlives will think the life they spent together was the most beautiful period of their life.
They left, and I was sitting on my bench, shocked, and I had a special feeling in my heart. This
feeling was hope! The old couple with all the complaints and tons of mistakes behind their backs
made me realize that it was happiness that mattered in life. Eventually, all people would get old
and die, and what made a difference was the person you had dedicated your life to. I made a
wish — waking up one day, being old and feeling proud of being together with the person I loved
to overcome all the obstacles ( 障碍) and fight for happiness.
（1）Why did the author become angry at the old couple's laugh? (no more than 15 words)
（2）Why did the old couple look at each other all the time? (no more than 10 words)
（3）What was the author doing at that moment in Paragraph 4? (no more than 20 words)
（4）What does the underlined word
（5）How do you like the old couple? What can you learn from the passage? Please express it in
your own words. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】 （1）Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.
（2）Because they loved each other deeply.
（3）The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much/The author
was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each
other deeply.
（4）Devoted/ Give entirely.
（5）I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!We should cherish people
who love us and fight for happiness with them together.
【解析】【分析】本 文是一篇议论文，作者通过记叙公园的一对彼此深爱的老夫妻而引发
了自己对于追求幸福，克服所有障碍 和自己爱的人在一起的感悟。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had
broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts.”可知作者对那对老夫妇的笑声感到
生气，因为它们破坏了作者与这个公园的 统一，扰乱了他的思绪。故填Because it had
broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who
knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her!”可知这对老夫
妇总是互相看着对方是因为他们很爱彼此。故填Because they loved each other deeply.。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I imagined the many things they might go through
together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be
experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the oth er.”可知作者
想象着他们可能一起经历的许多事情——那么多的困难可能会让他们哭泣，他们现在可 能
正在经历的所有问题，以及他们其中一个活得比另一个更长的可能性。即作者是在思考是
什么 使这对老夫妇如此相爱。故填The author was wondering what made the old couple love
each other so much.或The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through
in life and made them love each other deeply.
（4）考查词义猜测。根据上文“Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a
difference was the person you had”可知最终，所有的人都会变老并死去，而真正起作用的是
和你 相伴一生的人，你为之奉献一生的人。故可推测划线部分单词意思为奉献。故填
Devoted/ Give entirely.。
（5）本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a
good example for us!（我认为他们是值得钦佩的/鼓舞的/为我们树立了一个好榜样!）或We
should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.（我们应该珍惜
爱我们的人，和他们一起为幸福而奋斗。）
【 点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放性题目题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类
阅读，考生需要准 确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
3．根据短文内容，在相应的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
How do you prove you really are who you say you are? Maybe you have many ways to prove
your identity: a birth certificate, a driver's license, a Social Security card, or a passport.
But imagine that you are one of the one billion people in the world-most of them among the
poorest-who have no official identification. No birth certificates. No official ID documents.
Nothing. Without a way to prove who you are, you would face huge problems: going to school,
seeing a doctor, getting a bank account...
For the last decade, NandanNilekani has been working to make the world's invisible people
visible by giving them access to official identification. One of India's leading technology experts,
Nandan joined the government to lead the launch of India's national biometric ID system, which
uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities of the country's more
than 1.3 billion residents. This ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for is the
world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable government platform
for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
Now, Aadhaar has enrolled nearly all residents of India. With a trustworthy system to check
identities of beneficiaries for everything from pensions to food moneies, the government has
been able to save billions of dollars because of reduced cheating and dishonesty.
Of course, India's ID system has not been without controversy. There were many privacy
concerns, including criticism that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that
personal data would be misused. Last year, a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India
found that the program did not violate the privacy rights of the country's residents. But in order
to prevent misuse of personal data, the court placed tight limits on how the ID system could be
used and shared.
According to the latest data by the World Bank, there are one billion people in the world
without an official proof of identity, including 45 percent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa
and 17 percent of South Asia's population.
Thanks to the work Nandan is doing, the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will
have access to an official ID. The sooner we can achieve this goal, the sooner the world's poorest
residents will not only be able to prove who they are, but also realize their dreams for better lives.
（1）How does India's ID system check the identities of the residents? (不多于7个单词)
（2）What is the function of Aadhaar as a valuable government platform? (不多于8个单词)
（3）As for India's ID system, what are many people concerned about? (不多于1个单词)
（4）What is the passage mainly about? (不多于6个单词)
【答案】 （1）By using fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）Privacy.
（4）Making the world's invisible people visible.
【 解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文，世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明，
NandanNilekan i一直致力于通过让世界上的隐形人获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得
可见。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“…lead the launch of India's national biometric ID
system, which uses fingerprints and other biological characteristics to check the identities…”可知
印度的身份识别系统通过指纹和其他生物特 征来检查居民的身份。因此答案为By using
fingerprints and other biological characteristics.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的'his ID system, known as Aadhaar (Hindi for
the world's largest biometric identification system and has become a valuable
government platform for delivering social welfare programs and other government services.’可知
Aadhaar作为一个有价值的政府平台，其功能是提供社会福利项目和其他政府服务。因此
答案为Delivering social welfare programs and other government services.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“There were many privacy concerns, including criticism
that the Aadhaar system was a mass monitoring tool and that personal data would be misused.”
可知有很多隐私问题，包括批评 Aadhaar系统是一个大规模的监控工具，个人数据会被滥
用。所以许多人们关注的问题是隐私。故 填Privacy.
（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文和第二段中的“NandanNilekani has been working to make the
world's invisible people visible by giving them access to official identification.以及最后一段中的
“the world is moving closer to the day when everyone will have access to an official ID. ”可知本
文主要讲述的是世界上有10亿人没有官方身份证明 ，NandanNilekani一直致力于通过让世
界上的隐形人获得官方身份证明，从而让他们变得 可见。故可知Making the world's
invisible people visible可以概括问文章主要内容，故答案为Making the world's invisible
people visible.
【点评】本题考点涉及细 节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考
生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知 识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。 注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
The urge to share our lives on social media
People have long used media to see reflections of themselves. Long before mobile phones or
even photography, diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one
lives. In the 18th and 19th centuries, as diaries became more popular, middle-class New
Englanders, particularly white women, wrote about their everyday lives and the world around
them.
These diaries were not a place into which they poured their innermost thoughts and desires,
but rather a place to chronicle (记录) the social world around them. The diaries captured the
everyday routines of mid-19th-century life, and women diarists in particular focused not on
themselves but on their families and their communities.
Diaries today are, for the most part, private. But things were different for these New England
diaries. Young women who were married would send their diaries home to their parents as a way
of maintaining kin (血缘) relations. When family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to
sit down and go through one's journal together.
Diaries are not the only media that people have used to document lives and share them with
others. We have long used media like photo albums, baby books and even slide shows as a means
of creating traces (痕迹) of our lives. We do this to understand ourselves and to see trends in our
behaviour. We create traces as part of our identity and part of our memory.
Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social connection and intimacy (亲密感). For
example, you take a picture of your child's first birthday. It is not only a developmental milestone:
the photo also strengthen the identity of the family unit itself. The act of taking the photo and
proudly sharing it further reaffirms (再次证实) one as a good and attentive parent. In other
words, the media traces of others figure in our own identities.
Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free to use, unlike historical diaries, which
people had to buy. Today, advertising subsidises (补贴) our use of networked platforms.
Therefore these platforms encourage use of their networks to build larger audiences and to
better target them. Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are commodified—that is, they are used
to create value through increasingly targeted advertising.
Instead of social media merely connecting us, it has become a craze (狂热) for information,
continually trying to draw us in with the promise of social connectivity—it's someone's birthday,
someone liked your picture, etc. There's a multibillion-dollar industry pulling us into our
smartphones, relying on a longstanding human need for communication.
The urge to be present on social media is much more complex than simply narcissism (自恋).
Social media of all kinds not only enable people to see their reflections, but to feel their
connection as well.
Passage outline
Supporting details
? People kept ________to understand themselves and the world they
live in.
Features
________media
of
? Middle-class Englanders, especially white women diarists focused on
their families and communities.
? It was common for young married women to ________their diaries
with family members or friends.
? We have long used media to partly show ________we are and what
________of media
we have experienced in our lives.
? Sharing daily life events can make family members ________to each
other.
Present situation of
? Today's social media platforms can be used for ________.
media
? Private data about us are used as ________through targeted
advertising.
? Social media are trying to draw more people in by ________to their
need for communication.
Conclusion
People are greatly interested in the use of social media for narcissism
and social ________.
【答案】 early/primitive；diaries；sha re；Functions/Purposes/Benefits；who；close/closer；free/nothing；commodities；catering；connection/com munication
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了早期的和现代社交媒体的特点和影响。
（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography，
diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one live s”可知，早在手
机和摄影出现以前，日记是人们了解自己和世界的方式，在手机和摄影出现以前的方式 属
于早期（最初）的媒体，故填early/primitive。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Long before mobile phones or even photography，
diaries were kept as a way to understand oneself and the world in which one live s”可知，在手机
和摄影出现以前，人们通过日记来了解自己和世界，故填diaries。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Diaries today are, for the most part, private”及“When
family or friends came to visit, it was not uncommon to sit down and go through one's journal
together.”可知，现在，日记是很私 人的东西，但在那时，已婚的年轻女性与家人和朋友分
享自己的日记是很平常的事情，故填share。
（4）考查信息概括。根据第四段中的“Diaries are not the only media that people have used
to document lives and share them with others.”及第五段中的“Sharing everyday life events can
strengthen social connection and intimacy”等信息可知，这两段主要介绍了社交媒体的好处
（ 功能/目的），故填Functions/Purposes/Benefits。
（5）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We create traces as part of our identity and part of our
memory.”可知，我们创造痕迹作为我们 身份和记忆的一部分，也就是说，我们一直通过社
交媒体来展示我们是谁以及我们在生活中经历了什么， 故填who。
（6）考查细节归纳。根据第五段中的“Sharing everyday life events can strengthen social
connection and intimacy”可知，分享日常生活中的事情可以加强社会联系和亲密感，也就是
说可以使 家庭成员之间的关系更亲密，故填close/closer。
（7）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Today's social media platforms are, by and large, free
to use”可知，现在的社交媒体平台都是免费使用，故填free/nothing。
（8）考查信息归纳。根据第六段中的“Our pictures, our posts, and our likes are
commodified—that is, they are used to create value through increasingly targeted advertising. ”
可知，我们的图片、帖子、喜好都是商品化的，它们被用来通过越来越有 针对性的广告来
创造价值，也就是说我们的私人数据通过定向广告被用作商品，故填commoditi es。
（9）考查信息归纳。根据倒数第二段中的“Instead of social media merely connecting us, it
has become a craze ( 狂 热 ) for information, continually trying to draw us in with the promise of
social connectivity—it's someone's birthday, someone liked your picture, etc.”可知，社交媒体不
再只是把我们联系在一起，它 已经成为一种对信息的狂热，不断地试图用社交连接来吸引
我们——有人过生日、有人喜欢你的照片等等 ，也就是说社交媒体通过迎合我们的需要来
吸引我们，故填catering。
（10）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Social media of all kinds not only enable people to
see their reflections, but to feel their connection as well.”可知，社交媒体会让人们感 受到他们
与外界的交流与联系，人们对此很感兴趣，故填connection/communicat ion。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，信息归纳和信息概括三个题型的考查，是一篇教 育类阅
读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。
5．阅读下文并回答问题。
Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude
(态度). A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have
more chance to make themselves successful. When you are not confident you can't do well what
you want to do. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions:
Speak loud You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak
loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more
confident.
Play sports Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you
be full of confidence.
Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things
you have done well. Did you finish your homework? Did you tell a joke that made everybody
laugh? Give yourself praise for the good things you've done.
Get rid of (消除) fear Fear comes along with failure (失败). But it's easy to overcome (克服) if
you know that failure is part of your life. Don't hide your head just because you said something
stupid last time. Try to start again and believe you can do better.
Pick up a hobby If you like singing, sing as much as you can. In some ways, a hobby can make
you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.
（1）Is confidence important in daily life?
（2）When you fail, what can you do to get rid of fear?
（3）Which of these suggestions would you like to choose to be more confident? Why?
【答案】 （1）Yes.
（2）I can try to start again and believe I can do better.
（3）选择一个建议回答即可。说明原由时要有依据。
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个如何让自己更自信的方法。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Confidence (自信) is very important in daily life.”可知
自信在日常生活中很重要，所以本题的答案为Yes。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Try to start again and believe you can do better.”可知
对于消除恐惧，作者给的方法是尝试重新开始并相信自己 可以做得更好。所以本题答案为I
can try to start again and believe I can do better.
（3）考查推理判断。本题是开放性问题，选择一个建议回答即可。说明原由时要有依
据。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需
要准 确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而做出正确答案。
6．请认真阅 读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。注意:每个空格只填1个 单词。
Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it
in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either
Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying
these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the
conventional advice that urges you to in yourselfIn fact, you should do the exact
opposite: believe you are someone else.
In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the
impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis
Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing
the members of one group to think of themselves as 古怪的) poets
of another to imagine they were
were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary
objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many
different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as
librariangroup had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in
students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生)
the personas(伪装的外表) of
These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a
可塑的) product of context and ne can be creative, as long as
they feel like creative people.
Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less
powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls
—an
inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of unfocusa way of
positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that
spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.
Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we
are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused
person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise
canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.
What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most
people spend nearly half of their days in a state of —
it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging
ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on
daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and
you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining
yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.
Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
Some misleading ideas ●Most of us are ________ with the idea that we are either creative
about creativity
or we are not: there doesn't exist a middle ground in between.
●________ to popular belief, Pillay's suggestion is that you should
believe you are someone else.
Dumas and Dunbar's ●One group were asked to think of themselves as
study
another
The former two groups were required to come up with as many
different uses as possible for each ________ object.
●The level of students'________ is not always in direct proportion to
the type of academic majors.
●Therefore, creativity is probably a product of context and
perspective rather than something ________.
Pillay's further study
●The exercise of halloweenismrefers to the
conscious action of being others by ________ stimulating the default
mode network.
●Pillay ________ firmly to the idea of imaging you're someone else
and advises us not to worry about how successful/unsuccessful we
are.
The
the exercise
●We should start using it instead of stopping judging ourselves for
●We have every right to ________ ourselves for being unfocused
because it is not only human but also makes us more creative and
productive.
【答案】 fascinated/impressed；Contrary；worked/acted/served/ functioned；given；
creativity；individual/persona l；positively；subscribes；realistic/practical；forgiv e
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了假装你是别人会让你更有创造力 。
（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination
with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways.”可知，我们大多数人对自己要么
有创造力要么没有创造力的想法印 象深刻:两者之间不存在中间地带。故答案为
fascinated/impressed。
（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative
potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to ’believe in yourself‘. In fact, you
should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.” 可知，与普遍的看法相反，皮莱
的建议是，你应该相信你是别人。故答案为Contrary。
（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“instructing the members of one group to think of
________significance of our mental down time.
themselves as ’eccentric(古怪的) poets‘ and the members of another to imagine they were ’rigid
librarians‘(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part).”可知，其
中一组被要求认为自己是“古怪的 诗人”，另一组是“刻板的图书管理员”，第三组作为对照
组。故答案为worked/acted/s erved/functioned。
（4）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“The researchers then presented participants with 10
ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with
as many different uses as possible for each one.”可知，前两组被要求为每个给定对象想出尽
可能多的不同用途。故答案为give n。
（5）考查句义理解。根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the researchers found only small
differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors
inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of ’eccentric poets‘ came up with more ideas than
the art majors did.”可知，学生的创造力水平并不总是与专业类型成正比。故答 案为
creativity。
（6）考查原词复现。根据第四段中的“These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that
creativity is not an individual quality, but a ’malleable(可塑的) product of context and
perspec tive.‘”可知，因此，创造力可能是环境和视角的产物，而不是个人的东西。故答案为
indiv idual/personal。
（7）考查信息归纳。根据第五段中的”This exercise, which he calls “psychological
halloweenism—an inner costuming
of the self. It works because it is an act of ’conscious unfocus‘, a way of positively stimulating the
default mode(默认模式) network.“可知，的实施是指通过积极刺
激 默认模式网络，有意识地成为他人的行为。故答案为positively。
（8）考查句义理解。根据最后一段中的”Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that
identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're
somebody else.“可知，Pill ay坚决支持把你想象成别人的观点，并建议我们不要担心自己有
多成功或不成功。故答案为subsc ribes。
（9）考查概括总结。根据右栏内容可知这里在讲述“演习的现实意义”。故 答案为
realistic/practical。
（10）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”You're making yourself more creative, and you're
giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself
in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.“可知，我们完全有权利
原谅自己注意力不集中，因为这不仅是人性的表 现，而且还能让我们更有创造力和富有成
效。故答案为forgive。
【点评】 本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义理解，原词复现，概括总结和推理判断五个题型的
考查，是一篇教育类阅读 ，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知
识，做出正确答案。
7．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Seven years ago, my wife told our 6-year-old daughter about our wedding weekend. My wife
had moved back home to spend the weekend with her family.
As I was tucking our daughter in (把女儿的被子掖好) later that night, she asked if she could
future...) I told her our house would always be open to her. She gave me a big hug and a kiss on
the cheek. She was extremely happy.
After a few seconds, I could see her mind churning (思绪翻腾)—the happiness dissipated. She
pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low spirits,
fat. I don't know if you are going to make it.
I was shocked. It was true that my health had fallen into a huge decline in the previous five
years as I was building Contegix. I had not thought of it as destroying a future with my family. A 6-
year-old girl saw what I missed.
I decided to run a mile the next morning. I couldn't make it 1/4 mile. I didn't give up and went
out the next morning.
Seven years later, I have lost 60 pounds and regularly run ultra marathons. I attempted my first
100 miles last August, but I missed the terminal point at mile 87 after running on a torn
hamstring (腿筋撕裂) for the previous 79 miles.
Yet, the most important distance I will ever go will be walking her down the aisle (结婚) one
day. I would not make it if it hadn't been for the honesty and innocence of a 6-year-old.
（1）Why was the author's daughter happy? (no more than 15 words)
（2）What does the underlined word
（3）What happened to the author as he was building Contegix? (no more than 10 words)
（4）What does the author regularly do seven years later? (no more than 5 words)
（5）What do you think of the author? Please explain. (no more than 25 words)
【答案】 （1）Because she was told the house would be always open to her.
Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.
（2）disappeared. /vanished.
（3）His health declined. /His health fell into a huge decline.
（4）He regularly runs ultra marathons.
Or: Running ultra marathons.
（5）He's a good father because he didn't want to disappoint his daughter and began to take
care of his health (take exercise regularly) for his family.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者与女儿7年前的一段对话，是女儿所说的话让作者更加关注自己的健康并给了作者减肥的决心和动力，与此同时作者也不想让女儿失
望。七年之后 作者减掉了60磅，并参加了超级马拉松，由于腿筋撕裂，作者没有完成比
赛，但作者很满足，作者认为 最重要的距离是在女儿结婚时，陪女儿走过红地毯的距离。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I told her our house would always be open to her. She
gave me a big hug and a kiss on the cheek. She was extremely happy.”可知，作者的女儿快乐是
因为作者告诉她他们家的门永远向她敞开。故填Because she was told the house would be
always open to her. Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low
spirits.”可知，女儿情绪变得低落， 所以意思是Disappeared./Vanished (消失) 的
意思，女儿的快乐了。故填disappeared./vanished.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“It was true that my health had fallen into a huge
decline in the previous five years as I was building Contegix.”可知，作者在建造Contegix时，作
者的健康状况急剧下降。故填His health declined./His health fell into a huge decline.
（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Seven years later, I have lost 60 pounds and
regularly run ultra marathons.”可知，七年后，作者减掉了60磅，并定期参加超级马拉松比
赛。故填He regularly runs ultra : Running ultra marathons.
（5）考查推理判断。短文叙述了作者与女儿的7年前的一段对话， 是女儿所说的话让作
者更加关注自己的健康并给了作者减肥的决心和动力，与此同时作者不想让女儿失望 。七
年之后作者减掉了60磅，并参加了超级马拉松，由于腿筋撕裂，作者没有完成比赛，但作
者很满足，作者认为最重要的距离是在女儿结婚时，陪女儿走过红地毯的距离。短文中充
满了父亲对女儿 的爱，对家庭的爱。所以作者是一个好父亲，因为他不想让女儿失望，所
以他通过锻炼的方式使自己更健 康，是为了女儿，也是为了这个家。故填He's a good
father because he didn't want to disappoint his daughter and began to take care of his health
( take exercise regularly ) for his family.
【点评】 本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握所 给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。
8．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。
If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it's connectedness.
From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the Internet, we have found ways to bring us all
closer together, enabling，constant worldly access.
I don't think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to
show. Beyond the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more
detrimental side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except
ourselves. According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, and we dread boredom and
instead choose aimless distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of
dealing with ourselves.
However, we ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious in
spite of being so intimately connected to everything else around us.
Fortunately, there is a solution. The only way to avoid being ruined by this is to face it. It's to let
the boredom take you where it wants so you can deal with whatever it is that is really going on
with your sense of self. That's when you'll hear yourself think, and learn to engage the parts of
you that are masked by distraction.
The beauty of this is that, once you cross that initial barrier, you realize that being alone isn't so
bad. Boredom can provide its own stimulation.
When you surround yourself with moments of solitude and stillness, you become intimately
familiar with your environment in a way that forced stimulation doesn't allow. The world
becomes richer, the layers start to peel back, and you see things for what they really are, in all
their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and in all their unfamiliarity.
You learn that there are things you are capable of paying attention to than just what makes the
most noise on the surface. Just because a quiet room doesn
'
t scream with excitement like the
idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't depth to explore
there.
Sometimes, the direction that this solitude leads you in can be unpleasant, especially when it
comes to introspection (内省)—your thoughts and your feelings, your doubts and your hopes—
but in the long term, it's far more pleasant than running away from it all without even realizing
what you are.
Being alone and connecting inwardly is a skill nobody ever teaches us. That's ironic because it
'
s
more important than most of the ones they do.
Solitude may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start.
The Cost of Connectedness
Introduction
●________ the development of IT has brought us all closer together
than ever before, we ________to connect ourselves while connected
to everything.
The disadvantages of ● We are afraid of a________ state of existence and the boredom it
connectedness
brings.
●We feel so uncomfortable when dealing with ourselves that we
________ from it all and choose to be aimlessly distracted by the
noise of the world.
●We often ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is to ________
for our feeling lonely and anxious.
The ________ to the ●You can deal with whatever is going on with your sense of self.
problem
●You'll hear yourself, think, and learn to engage what is masked by
distraction.
●Being alone isn't so bad. ________, you'll be stimulated by boredom.
●The world becoming richer and ,the layers starting to peel back,
you'll have ________ views about what you see.
●You'll find yourself capable of being attentive to some things and
________ in depth beyond noise and scream.
Conclusion
●Solitude is the first step you should take to save yourself from being
ruined by ________ and anxiety.
【答案】 Although/Though/While；fail；silent/quiet；escape/ hide/ shrink/ withdraw；
blame；solution(s)；Inste ad/Rather/Actually；comprehensive/thorough/ overall；exploring；
loneliness
【解析】【分 析】本文是一篇议论文，信息技术的发展让我们可以和除了自己以外的一切
事物保持联系，也让我们害怕 孤独和无聊。事实上，独处不仅能让我们克服这种恐惧，也
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