布尔乔亚之仁圣诞节的英文资料

2021年1月8日发(作者：傅春娥)
圣诞节的英文资料
christmas is a christian holiday that celebrates the birth of jesus
christ. no one knows the exact date of christ's birth, but most christians
observe christmas on december 25. on this day, many go to church, where they
take part in special religious services. during the christmas season, they also
exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and christmas
trees. the word christmas comes from cristes maesse, an early english phrase
that means mass of christ. the story of christmas comes chiefly from the
gospels of saint luke and saint matthew in the new testament.
the history of christmas dates back over 4000 years. many of our
christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the christ child was born.
the 12 days of christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts,
carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to
house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to
the early mesopotamians.
many of these traditions began with the mesopotamian celebration of new
years. the mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god-marduk.
each year as winter arrived it was believed that marduk would do battle with
the monsters of chaos. to assist marduk in his struggle the mesopotamians held
a festival for the new year. this was zagmuk, the new year's festival that
lasted for 12 days.
the persians and the babylonians celebrated a similar festival called
the sacaea. part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the
slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. the ancient
greeks held a festival similar to that of the zagmuksacaea festivals to assist
their god kronos who would battle the god zeus and his titans.
the roman's celebrated their god saturn. their festival was called
saturnalia which began the middle of december and ended january 1st. with cries
of
big festive meals, visiting friends, and the exchange of good-luck gifts called
strenae (lucky fruits). the romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel
and green trees lit with candles. again the masters and slaves would exchange
places.

christians thought it an abomination to honor the pagan god. the early
christians wanted to keep the birthday of their christ child a solemn and
religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan saturnalia.
some legends claim that the christian
invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of december. the 25th was
not only sacred to the romans but also the persians whose religion mithraism
was one of christianity's main rivals at that time. the church eventually was
successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the saturanilia
festival and bringing them to the celebration of christmas.
the exact day of the christ child's birth has never been pinpointed.
traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 ad. in 137 ad the
bishop of rome ordered the birthday of the christ child celebrated as a solemn
feast. in 350 ad another bishop of rome, julius i, choose december 25th as the
observance of christmas.
the birth of jesus had a story: in nazareth, a city of galilee. the
virgin's name was mary was betrothed to joseph. before they came together, she
was found with child of the holy spirit. joseph her husband was minded to put
her away secretly. while he thought about these things, gabriel, an angel of
the lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take mary
as wife. and mary will bring forth a son, and he shall call his name, jesus,
for he will save his people from their sins.
before jesus births, joseph and mary came to quirnius was governing
syria. so all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. joseph also went
up out of galilee, out of the city of nazareth, into judea, to the city of
david, which is called bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the
lineage of david, to be registered with mary, his betrothed wife, who was with
child. so it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to
be delivered. and she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in
swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them
in the inn.
and that, christmas is the feast of the nativity of jesus, is on 25th,
december every year. but nobody knows the actual birthday of jesus. and the
christmas has become popular when christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the
concept of a jolly santa claus was first made popular in nineteenth century.
the custom of giving gifts to relatives and friends on a special day in
winter probably began in ancient rome and northern europe. in these regions,
people gave each other small presents as part of their year-end celebrations.
in the 1800's, two more christmas customs became popular--decorating
christmas trees and sending christmas cards to relatives and friends. many
well-known christmas carols, including ``silent night
angels sing,
countries, santa claus replaced saint nicholas as the symbol of gift giving.
the word xmas is sometimes used instead of christmas. this tradition
began in the early christian church. in greek, x is the first letter of
christ's name. it was frequently used as a holy symbol.