tryout新剑桥商务英语高级单词总结

2021年1月8日发(作者：戴伯行)
1. autonomous: independent, able to take decisions without consulting a higher authority
2. decentralization: dividing an organization into decision-making units that are not centrally
controlled.
3. function: a specific activity in a company, e.g. production, marketing, finance
4. hierarchy: system of authority with different levels, one above the other.
5. line authority: the power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of
command
6. report to: to be responsible to someone and to take instructions from him or her
7. subordinates: people working under someone else in a hierarch
8. industrial belt: an area with lots of industrial companies, around the edge of a city
9. wealth: the products of economic activity
10. productivity: the amount of output produced (in a certain period, using a certain number of
inputs
11. corporate ethos: a company’s ways of working and thinking
12. collaboration: working together and sharing ideas
13. insulated or isolated: alone, placed in a position away from others
14. fragmentation: breaking something up into pieces
15. motivate :To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive to someone to do something.
16. employee: A person employed by someone else, working for money.
17. labor relations: Relations between employers and employees, managers and workers,
management and unions.
18. responsibility: Having control of something as part of your job
19. wages: Money paid (per hour or day or week) to manual workers
20. salary: A fixed regular payment made by employers, usually, for professional or office work.
21. benefits or perks: Advantages that come with a job, apart from wages or salary.
22. promotion: To be raised to a higher rank or better job.
security: Knowing that there is little risk of losing one’s job.
24. skilled: Having particular abilities, acquired by training.
25. subcontractor : Any company that provides goods or services for another one
26. component : Any of the pieces or parts that make up a product, machine, etc.
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rcing or contracting out : Buying products or processed materials from other companies
rather than manufacturing them
28. capacity : The (maximum) rate of output that can be achieved from a production process
29. plant : The buildings, machines, equipment and other facilities used in the production process
30. location : The geographical situation of a factory or other facility:
31. inventory : The stock of any item or resource used in an organization (including raw materials,
parts, supplies, work in process and finished products)
32. lead time : The time needed to perform an activity (i.e. to manufacture or deliver something)
bution channel: all the companies or individuals involved in moving a particular kind of
goods or service from the producer to the consumer.
launch a product: to introduce a new product onto the market.
opportunities: possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company
can profitably produce goods or services
research: collecting, analyzing and reporting data relevant to a specific marketing
situation (such as a proposed new product)
segmentation: dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different
requirements or buying habits
ing: wrappers and containers in which products are sold
of sale: places where goods are sold to the public – shops, stores, kiosks, market stalls,
etc.
t concept: an idea for a new product, which is tested with target consumers before the
actual product is developed
t features: attributes or characteristics of a product: quality, price, reliability, etc.
representative: someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to
persuade them to buy goods or services
-of-mouth advertising: free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to
their friends.
utional or prestige advertising: advertising that mentions a company’s name but not
specific products.
ising agencies: companies that handle advertising for clients.
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account: a contract with a company to produce its advertising.
advertising budget: the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its
advertising and buying media time or space.
48.A brief: the statement of objectives of an advertising campaign that a client works out with an
advertising agency.
ising campaign: the advertising of a particular product or service during a particular
period of time.
customers or target market: a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans to
satisfy.
planners: the people who choose where to advertise, in order to reach the right
customers.
threshold effect: the fact that a certain amount of advertising is necessary to attract a
prospective customer’s attention.
comparative-parity method: choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as one’s
competitors.
r-cyclical advertising: advertising during periods or seasons when sales are normally
relatively poor.
eping: writing down the details of transactions (debits and credits)
ting: keeping financial records, recording income and expenditure, valuing assets and
liabilities, and so on
rial accounting: preparing budgets and other financial reports necessary for
management
accounting: working out the unit costs of products, including materials, labor and all other
expenses
accounting: calculating an individual’s or a company’s liability for tax
ng: inspection and evaluation of accounts by a second set of accountants
61.‘Creative accounting’: using all available accounting procedures and tricks to disguise the true
financial position of a company
62. shareholders or stockholders : A company’s owners
63. earnings or income : The revenues received by a company during a given period, minus the
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cost of sales, operating expenses, and taxes
64. liabilities : All the money that a company will have to pay to someone else in the future,
including taxes, debts, and interest and mortgage payments
65. turnover : The amount of business done by a company over a year
66. assets : Anything owned by a business (cash investments, buildings, machines, and so on) that
can be used to produce goods or pay liabilities
67. depreciation or amortization : The reduction in value of a fixed asset during the years it is in
use (charged against profits)
68. debtors or accounts receivable : Sums of money owed by customers for goods or services
purchased on credit
69. creditors or accounts payable :Sums of money owed to suppliers for purchases made on credit
70. stock or inventory : (The value of ) raw materials, work in progress, and finished products
stored ready for sale
71. overheads or overhead : The various expenses of operating a business that cannot be charged
to any one product, process or department
aft: an arrangement by which a customer can withdraw more from a bank account than
has been deposited in it, up to an agreed limit; interest on the debt is calculated daily.
card: a card which guarantees payment for goods and services purchased by the
cardholder, who pays back the bank or finance company at a later date.
dispenser or ATM: a computerized machine that allows bank customers to withdraw
money, check their balance, and so on
: a fixed sum of money on which interest is paid, lent for a fixed period, and usually for a
specific purpose
ng order or direct debit: an instruction to a bank to pay fixed sums of money to certain
people or organizations at stated times.
ge: a loan, usually to buy property, which serves as a security for the loan
card: a plastic card issued to bank customers for use in cash dispensers
banking: doing banking transactions by telephone or from one’s own personal computer
t or checking account: one that generally pays little or no interest, but allows the holder
to withdraw his or her cash without any restrictions
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t or time or notice account: one that pays interest, but usually cannot be used for paying
cheques (GB) or checks (US), and on which notice is often required to withdraw money
t: to place money in a bank; or money placed in a bank
n currencies: the money used in countries other than one’s own
: how much money a loan pays, expressed as a percentage
ity: available cash, and how easily other assets can be turned into cash
ty: the date when a loan becomes repayable
rite: to guarantee to buy all the new shares that a company issues, if they cannot be sold
to the public
er: when a company buys or acquires another
: when a company combines with another one
roking: buying and selling stocks or shares for clients
lio management: taking care of all a client’s investments
lation: the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions
merate: a group of companies, operating in different fields, that have joined together
chip: a company considered to be without risk
cy: ability to pay liabilities when they become due
eral: anything that acts as a security or a guarantee for a loan
ity: having a responsibility or an obligation to do something, e.g. to pay a debt
or: a person or organization to whom money is owed (for goods or services rendered, or
as repayment of a loan)
pt: to be insolvent: unable to pay debts.
: everything of value owned by a business that an be used to produce goods, pay
liabilities, and so on
liquidate: to sell all the possessions of a bankrupt business.
ities: money that a company will have to pay to someone else (bills, taxes, debts, interest
ad mortgage payments, etc.)
put up capital: to provide money for a company or other project
e capital: money invested in a possibly risky new business
rs: the people who begin a new company
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