价值观的英文(完整版)英语中过去完成时和过去完成进行时区别用法

2021年1月7日发(作者：苗乙乙)

过去完成时和过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Progressive Tense）
过去完成式的基本结构如下：had + past participle
过去完成式是不能单独用的。我们用的时候，必须有另一个事件。也就是说，假如我们有两件事 A 和
B，两件事都发生在过去，但 A 发生在 B 以前，A 应该用过去完成式，B 则用过去式。以下是几个例
子：
（1） 他到台湾以前，曾学过中文。
He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan.
（2） 他念大学以前，曾前工作过。
He had worked before he decided to go to college.
（3） 我写这篇有关爱尔兰的小说以前，曾去过爱尔兰。
I had been to Ireland before I wrote this book about Ireland's people.
（4） 我在上大学以前，已经学过微积分。
I had studied calculus before I got into college.
（5） 周一以前，已经下过雪了。
It had already snowed before Monday.
（6） 警察到来之前，小偷已经跑了。
When the police arrived, the thieves had already run away.
（7） 到那时，他的家人已经有半年没有他的消息了。
Until then, his family hadn’t heard from him for 6 months.

如 果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，我们可以用过去完成进行式。占去完成进行式和现在进行式
惟一不 同的地方是 verb to have 的地方一定要用had 。以下是一些过去完成进行式的例子：
1. I had been watching TV before you called me.
2. I had been working hard in a company for many years before I went to college.
3. He had been studying before he went to class.
4. He had been driving all day before he went to sleep.
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时 以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本…，
未能…
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.


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