procalcitonin2011月12月英语四级考试密押卷及答案(2)

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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay
entitled Students’ Driving to School. You should write at least 120 words according
to the outline given below.
1. 目前有不少大学生开车上学
2. 人们对此看法不一
3. 我的看法
Students’ Driving to School

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly
and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete
the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Many with New College Degree Find the Job Market Humbling
The individual stories are familiar. The chemistry major tending bar. The classics
major answering phones. The Italian studies major stocking shelves at Wal- Mart.
Now evidence is emerging that the damage caused by the sour economy is more
widespread than just a few careers led astray (偏离正轨地) or postponed. Even for
college graduates — the people who were most protected from the effects of
recession — the outlook is rather bleak (黯淡的).
Employment rates for new college graduates have fallen sharply in the last two
years, as have starting salaries for those who can find work. What’s more, only half
of the jobs landed by these new graduates even require a college degree, reviving
debates about whether higher education is “worth it” after all.
“I have friends with the same degree as me, from a worse school, but because of
who they knew or when they happened to graduate, they’re in much better jobs,”
said Kyle Bishop, 23, a 2009 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh who has spent
the last two years waiting tables, delivering beer, working at a bookstore and entering
data. “It’s more about luck than anything else.”
The average starting salary for students graduating from four- year colleges in
2009 and 2010 was $$27,000, down from $$30,000 for those who entered the work
force in 2006 to 2008, according to a study released on Wednesday by the John J.
Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers University. That is a decline
of 10 percent, even before taking inflation into account.
Of course, these are the lucky ones — the graduates who found a job. Among
the members of the class of 2010, just 56 percent had held at least one job by this
spring, when the survey was conducted. That compares with 90 percent of graduates
from the classes of 2006 and 2007. (Some have gone for further education or opted
out of the labor force, while many are still trying very hard to get a job.)
Even these figures understate the damage done to these workers’ careers. Many
have taken jobs that do not make use of their skills; about only half of recent college

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graduates said that their first job required a college degree.
The choice of major is quite important. Certain majors had better luck finding a
job that required a college degree, according to an analysis by Andrew M. Sum, an
economist at Northeastern University, of 2009 Labor Department data for college
graduates under 25.
Young graduates who majored in education and teaching or engineering were
most likely to find a job requiring a college degree, while area studies majors —
those who majored in Latin American studies, for example — and humanities majors
were least likely to do so. Among all recent education graduates, 71.1 percent were in
jobs that required a college degree; of all area studies majors, the share was 44.7
percent.
An analysis by The New York Times of Labor Department data about college
graduates aged 25 to 34 found that the number of these workers employed in food
service, restaurants and bars had risen 17 percent in 2009 from 2008, though the
sample size was small. There were similar or bigger employment increases at gas
stations and fuel dealers, food and alcohol stores, and taxi and limousine services.
This may be a waste of a college degree, but it also displaces (使离开) the
less-educated workers who would normally take these jobs.
“The less schooling you had, the more likely you were to get thrown out of the
labor market altogether,” said Mr. Sum, noting that unemployment rates for high
school graduates and dropouts are always much higher than those for college
graduates. “There is complete displacement all the way down.”
Meanwhile, college graduates are having trouble paying off student loan debt,
which is at a median of $$20,000 for graduates of classes 2006 to 2010.
Mr. Bishop, the Pittsburgh graduate, said he is “terrified” of the effects his
starter jobs might have on his ultimate career, which he hopes to be in publishing or
writing. “It looks bad to have all these short-term jobs on your résumé, but you do
have to pay the bills,” he said, adding that right now his student loan debt was over
$$70,000.
Many graduates will probably take on more student debt. More than 60 percent
of those who graduated in the last five years say they will need more formal education
to be successful.
“I knew there weren’t going to be many job prospects for me until I got my
Ph.D.,” said Travis Patterson, 23, a 2010 graduate of California State University,
Fullerton. He is working as an administrative assistant for a property management
company and studying psychology in graduate school. While it may not have
anything to do with his degree, “it helps pay my rent and tuition, and that’s what
matters.”
Going back to school does offer the possibility of joining the labor force when
the economy is better. Unemployment rates are also generally lower for people with
advanced schooling.
Those who do not go back to school may be on a lower-paying trajectory (道路)
for years. They start at a lower salary, and they may begin their careers with
employers that pay less on average or have less room for growth.