41222018年高考英语浙江卷(附答案)

2021年1月7日发(作者：崔志刚)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英语
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dicke ns was born, there were 66 no vels published
in Brita in. People had bee n writi ng no vels for a cen tury — most experts date the
A B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上
first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but n obody wan ted to do it professi on ally. The steam-
powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy

识
字） rate in En gla nd was un der 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the
names of the authors, often with something like “ By a lady. ” Novels, for the
（
most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, whe n Dicke ns died, the world mourned him as its first professi onal
writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosi on in both the
publicati on of no vels and their readership and whose characters
Twist to Ti ny Tim — were held up as moral touchst on es. Today
— from Oliver
Dicke ns ' great ness
is un challe nged. Removi ng him from the pan the on （名人堂） of En glish literature
would make about as much sense as the Louvre sell ing off the
Mona Lisa
.
How did Dicke ns get to the top? For all the feeli ngs
stories, literature
readers attach to
is a nu mbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult
to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a
casual reader might be able to name a half-
partly true that Dicke ns

dozen of them. It ' s
' style of writi ng attracted audie nces

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
from all walks of life. It ' s partly that his writings rode a wave of social,
political and scientific progress. But it
literature and put himself at the center.
' s also that he rewrote the culture of
No one will ever know what mix of tale nt,
ambiti on, en ergy and luck made Dicke ns such a sin gular writer. But as


the 200th anni versary of his birth approaches, it is possible for our own culture
—and importa nt
— to un dersta nd how he made himself a last ing one.
21. Which of the follow ing best describes British no vels in the 18
A. They were difficult to un dersta nd.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were see n as n early worthless.
D. They were writte n mostly by wome n.
22. Dicke ns is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ______ .
A. his reputati on in France
B. his in terest in moder n art
C. his success in publicati on
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author ' s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To in troduce an En glish no vel.
C. To en courage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victoria n age.
B
Steve n Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His stra nge habit makes sense
when you consider that he
litter, including
' s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce
th
cen tury?
things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the
Stein's jobs is defe nding an road. What is eve n more in terest ing is that one of
in dustry beh ind the plastic shopp ing bags.
America ns use more tha n 100 billio n thin film plastic bags every year. So
many end up in tree bran ches or along highways that a grow ing nu mber of cities
do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）. The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in Califor nia, in
cludi ng Los An geles. Eyeing these headw in ds, plastic-bag
makers are hiri ng scie ntists like Stein to make the case that their products
are not as bad for the pla net as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper
bags, which are easily recycled but require more


en ergy to produce and tran sport. And while plastic bags may be ugly
at, they represe nt a small perce ntage of all garbage
to look
on the ground
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replaceme nt: reusable
shopp ing bags. The stro nger a reusable bag is, the Ion ger its life and the more plastic-bag use it
can cels out. However, l on ger-last ing reusable bags ofte n require more en ergy to make. One
study found that a cott on
bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmen talists don't dispute （质疑） these poin ts. They hope paper bags
to use the same reusable bags for will be banned someday too and want shoppers
years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help in crease grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falli ng off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city developme nt.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadva ntage of reusable bags accord ing to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expe nsive.
B. Replaci ng them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong tha n plastic bags.
D. Produci ng them requires more en ergy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. In dustry, Polluti on and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
“ headw in ds” in paragraph 2 refer to?


D. Garbage Collect ion and Waste Con trol
C
As cultural symbols go, the America n car is quite young. The Model T Ford was
built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling
off the assembly line （装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were
produced the n ext mon th. But even tually Henry Ford would build fiftee n millio n of them.
Moder n America was born on the road, beh ind a wheel. The car shaped some of
the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard,
the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last cen tury, the car represe nted
what it meant to be America n — going forward at high speed to find new worlds.
The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born
of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a n ever-e nding in terstate highway system, the largest public
works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagi ned an America with “ a chicke n in every pot and
a car in every garage. ” Si nee the n, this society has moved on ward, n ever look ing
back, as the car tran sformed America from a farm-based society into an in dustrial .k
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global
ecological disaster. I n America the dema nd for oil has grow n by 22 perce nt since 1990.
The problems of excessive （过度的）energy consumption, climate
population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.
Friedma n. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedma n points out that the gree n economy （经济）is a cha nee to keep America n
for
change and
stre n gth. “ The ability to desig n, build and export gree n tech no logies
producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the curre ncy of power
in the new cen tury. ”
28. Why is hamburger men ti oned in paragraph 2?