dig是什么意思考博英语语法重点总结(3)

2021年1月6日发(作者：权审)
考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3）

过去分词与形容词的语义差：
ctive:causing damage to people or things
the destructive power of modern weapons
Damaged: being in a bad state
emotionally damaged children
ted:admired by many because of achievements
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.
Respectful: feeling or showing respect
They listened in respectful silence.
3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle
rides.
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one
nearby.
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential
treatment.
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that
will lift the market to unimagined heights.
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and
work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.
: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.
Lovable: a sweet lovable child
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday.
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always
suitable for everyone.
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds
Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal
which no one could afford.
虚拟语气 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法
和含义， 我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、
表语以及一些特殊结构 句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具
体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
(1)不定式作表语
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，h appiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，
thing，wish等为 中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补
充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一
辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted
floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在 分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明
动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质 或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could
have made such a stupid mistake.
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．
(3)分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语 ，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考
试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如ex cite，interest等都是及物动
词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“ 使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人
激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感 到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……
的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用- ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是
somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.
这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴-- interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的 --puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的--- satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的-- surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的