tomato是什么意思高中英语中的10种动词时态总结

2021年1月6日发(作者：庞蕴)
英语中的动词有时态(Tense)要求。所谓“时”,即动作发生的时间；“态”，
即动作 的方式状态。“时”有四种：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去将来时；
“态”也有四种：一般式，进行式 ，完成式，完成进行式。因此，英语中一共有
16种时态。常用的时态有9种，
过去时 现在时 将来时
一般式 一般过去时（did） 一般现在时（do,does） 一般将来时
（will+do;be going
to +do）
进行式 过去进行时现在进行时将来进行时
（was/were+do-ing） （am/is/are+do-ing） （will/shall/is,
are going to be
do-ing）
完成式 过去完成时 现在完成时 将来完成时
（had done） （have／has done） （shall/will +have
done）

二.新课讲解
1.一般过去时（the Past Simple）
(1)用法(uses)
表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的情况。如：
He worked in a bank all his life.
He discovered a desert island in the Pcific.
The safari was exciting but dangerous.
I knew what he meant.
They always interviewed new employees on Fridays.
(2)形式（form）
即动词的过去式，分两种情况，一种是在动词结尾加ed或ied， 这种动词
称为规则动词，另一种不能加，形式多样，称为不规则动词。
规则动词：
a.一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：
work-worked play-played want-wanted act-acted
b.以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如：
live-lived move-moved decide-decided decline-declined
hope-hoped judge-judged raise-raised wipe-wiped
c.以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：
study-studied try-tried copy-copied
justify-justified
cry-cried carry- carried embody-embodied empty-emptied
d.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如：
stop-stopped beg-begged drag-dragged drop-dropped
plan-planned drip-dripped

不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought
come - came fly-flew
(3)一般过去时的时间状语Past Simple and Time Adverbials
下列时间状语常和一般过去时连用：
yesterday, last month, last Monday, two days ago, three years ago 等等。
即在句子中出现这样的词语时，要注意句子的谓语动词用一般过去时。
I finally passed the driving test last week.

（4）一般过去时的疑问式和否定式：
一般过去时的疑问句和否定句用did和didn’t + 动词原形。如：
Did you see the match last night?
We didn’t see the beginning of the movie because we were late.
2.一般现在时（Present Simple）
(1)用法uses
a.表示反复发生的动作，日常活动，习惯等。如：
I always take sugar in coffee.
I don’t smoke.
Mary wears a pony tail.
b. 表示一般的真理或永久性的状态。如：
Water freezes at 32 Fahrenheit.
We have a very good relationship with our parents.
He resembles his father.
c.表示将来的官方事件或不变的时间表。如：
The Chinese Spring Festival falls on a Friday next year.
The last film show begins at 9 p.m.
2.形式（Form）
a.陈述句中，除第三人称单数外，谓语动词都用原形。如：
I live in Nanyang.
They usually watch TV programmes on Saturday evening.
b.陈述句中，主语为第三人称单数(third person singular)，谓语动词的结尾
要加-s或-es(以y 结尾的y变i加- es)。什么是第三人称单数？要满足两个条
件，第一是第三人称，如 she, he ,they, it, John, my father 等等； 第二
是单数，即表示一个人或物，比如he, she, it, John, my father 等等，而they
他们， 是复数， 多个人，不是单数。如：
She hurries to work every morning.
He puts on special equipment when he dives.
c. 在疑问句，否定句或简略答语中，用do 或does。 如：
Does your mother travel a lot?
Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.

We don’t like extreme sports.
Mary doesn’t understand why risk is exciting.
d.一般现在时的时间状语（Present Simple and time adverbials）
句子中如果有以下词语（时间状语），谓语动词常要用一般现在时。
always, usually, regularly, every morning/day/night/week/year, often,
sometimes, occasionally, from time to time, twice a week, rarely, seldom,
once a month, hardly ever, never.等等
I know that I do put people down occasionally.
He regularly swims and plays tennis.
Some people never go on adventure holidays.
From time to time, I dream about becoming a millionaire.
3.一般将来时（the Future Indefinite）
(1)用法uses
a.依据观点或信念揣测未来。如：
She will make a good lawyer.
You will make great progress in English study if you follow my advice and
take persistent efforts.
I think China will become a rich country one day.
Who do you think will win the match.
b. 表示说话时瞬间做出的决定，可能是提议或意图。如：
All right, I will help you with the housework.
I think I won’t go to the party after all.
I think I will go for a walk. I have a slight headache.
c.表示意愿、承诺和提议。如：
I will always be your friend.
She will bring back your bicycle tomorrow.
d.表示请求、邀请。如：
Will you come with me?
Will you wait for me?
Will you come to my party on Sunday evening?
e. 依据现在看到的迹象对未来事件做出推断。如：
Look at the clouds; it’s going to rain.
He is going to win the match.
f.表示要做某事的主观意图。如：
I am going to change my lifestyle completely.
I am going to study medicine/law/fine arts.
My parents are going to move to the countryside.
(2)形式（Form）
will+动词原形(a,b,c,d);
be going to +动词原形（e,f）.
be to +动词原形。如：
They are to be married in June.
The Prime Minister is to visit China next month.
The bridge is to be open to traffic on Oct.1.
4.过去进行时（Past Continuous）
(1)用法（uses）
a.过去一段时间内的持续动作。如：
I was planning to go on a trip to Greece.
The robbers were waiting at the bus stop.
He was reading from morning till night yesterday.
b.描述故事发生的背景或状态。如：
He was sleeping under a tree when the storm began.
We were talking quietly at the bar when a fight broke out.
过去进行时和一般过去时用于同一个句子时，过去进行时描述故事发生的背景，
过去 时说明该事件。如：
In the end, I was standing there in a state of shock when a policeman
asked me for my name and address.
He was having lunch when the earthquake was reported on TV.
(2)形式（Form）
was/were+ 动词-ing.如：
He was working in the garden although it was raining hard.
The trapeze artist was preparing her act.
Was the trapeze artist preparing her act?
The trapeze artist wasn’t preparing her act.
5.现在进行时（Present Continuous）
(1)用法uses
a. 表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：
Excuse me, you are sitting in my seat.
My agent is waiting for me, I have to go.
We are studying English now.
b.表示一定时间段内经常进行的动作（暂时的日常活动或习惯）。如：
We are eating a lot of seafood here in Spain.
We are struggling with backwardness and poverty.
c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。如：
We are flying to Paris tomorrow morning.
I am leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.
I am writing to her tonight.
Will you post this letter for me if you are passing a post box?
(2).形式form
am,is, are + 动词-ing.
I am staying at a luxurious hotel by the sea.
Grandpa is forgetting things nowadays.
Are they planning to spend their holidays in Corsica?
(3).现在进行时的时间状语（Present Continuous and time adverbials）
常见的有： just, now, at the moment, at present.这些时间状语可放在be 和
v-ing之间，可以放在句尾，也可以放在句首。
I am just driving to work.
We are having a meeting at the moment/now/at present.
At present, many scientists are looking for intelligent forms of life
outside
the Earth.
(4)动词- ing的拼写规则
a.

一般情况下直接加ing,如：
think ---thinking sleep---sleeping speak---speaking
b.动词词尾是辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾的，去掉字母e，再加ing
wake--- waking make---making come---coming
take---taking leave---leaving have--- having
c.以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，
再加ing 。begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg,
drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, put, travel 等。
d.以 y 结尾的动词,直接加 ing
carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying study--studying
e.以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
die---dying lie---lying
6.将来进行时（Future Continuous）
will/be going to + be + 动词-ing.
This time tomorrow, we will be crossing the Atlantic.
We’d better move the dining table into the kitchen. We will be eating
there during the winter.
7.过去完成时 （the Past Perfect）
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作.
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long
expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时,她兴奋得两眼闪光.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
12岁时,爱迪生就开始自己谋生.
过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样.不同的是,过去完成时把时间推 移到
了过去某一时间之前,与现在无关.
（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作.
这个过去的时间状语有by, before等介词短语或when, before等引导的从句.
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband
came home. 海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了,因此她不得不等她丈夫回来.
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始了.
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.
他告诉我他以前参观过长城.
By the end of the match, they had kicked 2 goals, and we had kicked 4.
比赛结束时,他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球.
When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.
杰克到达后得知玛丽走了近一个小时了.
（2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续 到过去的这一时间,而且还可
能继续下去的动作,常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用.
The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the
factory was going to shut down. 听到这个消息我并不感到吃惊.工厂要倒闭
这件事我早就知道了.
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.
到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.
He said he had made great progress since he came here.