花椰菜的英文中考英语专题复习及答案解析(珍藏版)：14语法- 宾语从句及同类名词性从句

2021年1月6日发(作者：史树中)

专题一 宾语从句及同类名词性从句
知识点讲解
A.宾语从句
概念：宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。如：
We know Mr. Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.
宾语从句四大重点：
引导词；语 序； 时 态； it形式宾语
（一）引导词
宾语从句引导词分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if
连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever
连接副词：when, where, why, how
1. 连接词that
在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略
I hear (that) you passed the exam.
He said (that) his father was a singer.
The teacher told us (that) the sun rises in the east.
注意：
在通常情况下，引导宾语从句的连词that 是可以省略的，但在以下情况不能省略：
当 两个或多个that引导的宾语从句并列使用时，即使省略了第一个从句的引导词that，后面的
th at也不可省略。
He said it wasn’t his business and the government should do something about it.
A. what; that
【答案】C
2. whether, if
if/whether 是否，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me
等后。
I want to know whether/if he is right.
B. that; what C. /; that D. that; /

I Ask him whether/if he likes me_.
I wonder _whether/if we can get there.
Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?
注意：
只能用whether不能用if的情况
1.在介词后面：
I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing.
We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.
2.在动词不定式前：
They asked me whether to go skating.
3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:
I don't know whether he's free or not.
Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.
Tell me whether you'd like to go shopping or tidy the room.
4.宾语从句提前时：
Whether this is true or not, I can't say.
3. 连接代词：
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever. 在从句中充当一定的成分。
Miss Li wants to know who that boy is.
He asked what the girl wanted to buy.
You can choose whichever activity.
4. 连接副词：
when, where, why, how, how much ,how long, how soon, how often一般在从句里是状语的成分。
I didn’t know where they had gone.
He asked when I left.
He cannot remember how often he goes to the library.
（二）语序：
陈述句语序
即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）
Do you remember (他多大岁数)?

当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：
What's wrong?
What's the matter?
What's happening?
What happened?
eg: I don't know what's the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?
（三）时态：
1、主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等现在范畴的 时态时，从句的时态根据需要
来用，不受主句影响。
I want to know what time he got up this morning.
He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.
They are saying that they really like this city.
2、主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。
Kate said there was a box under the desk.
They asked what he was doing then.
She asked whether I had seen her before.
3、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
He told the boy that three and three is six.
He told me the earth moves around the sun.
4、从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
（四）it形式宾语
当从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，常用it作形式宾 语，而将真正的宾语放
在句尾。
常用it 作形式宾语情况：
(1) 当从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose
等）；
They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.

(2) 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从
句；
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
补充：
否定转移：当主句主语为第一人称，且主句谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等
时，若其后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句，此时通常应将否定转移到主句上。如：
I don’t think that he will leave.
I don’t believe that it is easy.
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的动词后的宾语从句，谓语动词需用“ should+动词原形 ”表示，
should可省略。
常见的词有suggest, demand, insist, instruct, order, propose, recommend, request, require等。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
B、同类名词性从句
名词性从句包含了宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句四大类。
同类名词性从句的引导词用法和宾语从句基本是一致的，建议自己在使用的时候引导词都不要
省 略。
巩固练习
1. — What did the foreigner say to you just now?
— He asked me ________.
A. that he can get to Confucius Temple on foot
B. how long it takes him to get to Confucius Temple on foot
C. how could he get to Confucius Temple
D. whether he could get to Confucius Temple on foot
2. Could you tell me ______?
A. what is your job B. what your job is C. your job is what
3. —Do you know _______ tomorrow?
—Sorry, I don't know. You may surf the internet.
A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain
4. I don’t know ________ ,but I guess he may be a teacher.