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button是什么意思宾语从句讲解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-06 11:56
tags:英语, 高中教育

enough-hangover

2021年1月6日发(作者:乔树民)

宾语从句讲解

宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的
从句在全句中作宾语。
例句:I know him。 I know who she is
结构:主语+谓语+引导词+简单句(其它)
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须
使用陈述语序,可分为以下四种:
1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常
见的连接词有: who,what,which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,
please?The small children don't know what is
in their stockings.I don't know which belongs to
my father.
2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接 词在从句中作主
语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose,what,
which,how many,how much等。如:He asked
whose handwriting was the best in our
class.The teacher asked us how many people
there were in the room.
3) 连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾
语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m),
what,which,how many,how much, when,
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why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充
当任何成分)。如:He hasn't decided if he'll go on
a trip to Wuxi.Could you tell me what I should
do with the money ?
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句
中作宾语或表语的定 语。常见的连接词有:what,
which,how many,how much,how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?
he asked me if I knew whose pen it was.
2.连接词
1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,
that无词义,在 口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before
supper.
2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或
whether引导,意为“是否”。如:I don't know if
/whether he still lives here after so many
years.
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
① 在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其
是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…
or not也可以使用)。如:Let me know whether
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/if he will come or not.(=Let me know
whethe or not he will come)让我知道他是否能
来。 I don't know whether /if he does any
washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not
he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我
不知道我们是去还是留。
② 在介词之后用whether。如:I'm interested in
whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜
欢英语。We're thinking about whether we can
finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按
时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt
her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③ 在不定式前用whether。如:He hasn't
decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决
定是否拜访那位老人。I don't know whether to
go.我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go
by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去
还是坐火车去。
④ whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否
真的我说不上来。
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⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a
question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问
题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解
为:a.Please let me know whether you like the
book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b.If you like the book,please let me know.你
如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。
3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原
来的特殊疑问词引导。如:Could you tell me why
you were late for the meeting this morning?你
能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?
3.时态
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态
呼应应包括以下三点内容:
1)如果 主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的
谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道
他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came
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back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的
谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过
去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的
某一种形式。如:
①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们
不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened.他问他
父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实 、普遍真
理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么
时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如: The teacher
said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地
球绕着太阳转。
4.注意:
if和when既可以引导宾语从句 ,也可以引导状
语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法
的不同。if和when引导宾 语从句时,分别意为
“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼
应;它们引导状语从句时, 意思分别为“如果,
假如”和“当……时候”,当主句时态是一般将
来时时,其时态用一般现在 时。它们常常放在含
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有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。
如:
—Do you know when he will come back
tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?
—Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,
I'll tell you.对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我
将告诉你。
—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否
会来。
—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,
他会来的。
★宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句(六种方法),
使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。
方法一:当主句谓语动词是hope, decide,
wish, choose, agree, promise(和主观决定
有关)等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,
宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li
Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →We
decided to help him.
方法二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn,
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