explain是什么意思中考英语名词性从句讲解含练习

2021年1月6日发(作者：凌佩弘)
..


名词性从句
主语从句
主语从句的语序
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。
连接词的选用
（1）that和what的选用 < br>that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连
接词作 用。如：
What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。
（2）if和whether的选用
引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。
（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这
些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。
Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任
何区别。
（4）whatever / whoever的功用
whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语 、宾
语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和whatever, whoever
引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（＝Anyone who breaks the law
should be punished. ）
Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（＝No matter who breaks
the law, he should be punished. ）
it构成的主语从句
（1）由连词that 引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形
式主语。谓语是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be
likely等词或短语时。
It is well- known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定 语从句的区别。试比
较：
It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有that，
. .下载可编辑 . .
..
无逗号）
As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （定语从句，无that，有
逗号）上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。
用于It is suggested / required / ordered / demanded that...句型中,动词为表示命
令、建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用 虚拟语气,谓语动词用动词原形
可以省略。例如:
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 你应该花
更多的时间学习英语。
（2）常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构
is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news…）that…
如：
It's a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2. It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important /wonderful / possible /
likely…）that…
需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语 动词很多为“（should）＋动词原形”，即要用虚拟语
气。如：
It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。
It is important that a student learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。
It's clear that they badly need help. 很明显，他们急需援助。
It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 飓风很可能马上就要到达了。
is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided
/suggested /ordered…）that…如：
It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。
seems （happened / appears / doesn't matter / makes no difference / …）that …
如：
It seems that they will win the game. 看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会参加会
议都无关紧要。
The Foreign Minister said, hope that the two sides will work towards
peace.
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
句式
用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：
It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报导……
It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is announced that... 据宣布……
It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is understood that... 自不待言…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指
出……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认……
否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的 否定词
转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
. .下载可编辑 . .
..
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天
气。
3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否
定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用
否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采
食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because
状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was
struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就
看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
1. ________ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ________ our astronauts desire
to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
3.________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从 句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词
＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的
that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例
如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.


同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
. .下载可编辑 . .
..
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先 行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位
语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与 从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词 加以限定，描述定的性质或特
征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消
息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that 引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
宾语从句
一. 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的 宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导
的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进
行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
. .下载可编辑 . .
..
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
【中考范例】
1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where
she lived
2. Would you please tell me ________?
A. when did he come home B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game
3. I don’t know when __________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D.
the train leave
4. ---We don’t know _____________. ---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country
is he from
宾语从句练习
1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did
2. I want to know_________.
A. what is his name B. what’s his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is
3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam?
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
A. which is the way to the museum
B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the museum
D. why does she always go shopping
5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for?
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
6. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home
B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home
D. when his son came home
7. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
A. how does he mend B. how he mends
C. how he mended D. how did he mend
8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive?
---Usually it comes by 4: 00.
. .下载可编辑 . .
..
A. how B. where C. when D. what
9. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?
---Certainly. Go straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
A. how we can get to the post office
B. how can we get to the post office
C. how get to the post office
D. how could we get to the post office
10. ---Can I help you?
---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will
C. how long it will D. how long will it
11. He wanted to know ___________.
A. whether he speaks at the meeting
B. when the meeting would start
C. what he’s going to do at the meeting
D. where would the meeting be held
12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?
---The day after tomorrow, I think.
A. when will you visit B. when you will visit
C. when would you visit D. when you would visit
13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?
A. what should we do B. we should do what
C. what we should do D. should we do what
14. You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A. that B. when C. where D. whether
16. ---Could you tell me ____________?
---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.
A. what does he say at the meeting
B. what did he say at the meeting
C. what he says at the meeting
D. what he said at the meeting
17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night?
---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.
A. what you were doing B. what were you doing
C. what you are doing D. what are you doing
18. The teacher asked the students __________.
A. if they were interested in dinosaurs
B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. what they will do with the computers
D. how many trees they have planted
19. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.
. .下载可编辑 . .
..
A. they had had B. have they had
C. they have had D. had they had
20. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.
2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
I don’t think Mary ______ ______.
3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.
4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？
Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower?
5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。
Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..
6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。
I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.
7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？
Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______?
8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？
Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away?
9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。
Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel.
10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。
Jack said he _______ something important to do.
【练习答案】
一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A
19.C 20.A
二. is come leaving bought (whether) much
long writing
. .下载可编辑 . .