方孝孺翻译宾语从句讲解+练习+答案

2021年1月6日发(作者：边峰)
初中宾语从句练习

宾语从句的用法
一、主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何时态
根椐主句中的谓语动词，决定从句动作发生主句前后关系，所用时态。
I think that she will finish reading that book in two days 我想她两天后看完那本书。
二、主句是过去式时，从句必须用过去时的形式
1．一般过去式
He told me that Jim returned his book to him last Sunday.
他告诉我吉姆上星期天把他的书还他了。

2． 过去进行时
She said she was writing to her friend at this time yesterday.
她说她昨天这时候正在给她的朋友写信。

3． 过去将来时
He asked when they would leave the next week.他问他们下个星期什么时候出发。
4． 过去完成时
She said she had known him since two years ago. 她说她自从两年前就认识他。
5．如从句是客观真理时，用一般现在时
She told us the earth moves around the sun.她告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
The teacher said Japan is the east of China. 老师讲日本位于中国的东部。
三、宾语从句三种形式
1．陈述句，前用引导词that，但经常省略
I hear (that) he will help you with your French. 我听说他将帮忙你的法语。
Lily knew (that)Tom had gone to London by air.莉莉知道汤姆坐飞机去伦敦了。
2．从句是一般疑问时，前用if或whether
He asked if she liked swimming. 他问她是否喜欢游泳。
He asked me whether Mike came to school by bike or on foot.
他问我迈克骑自行车还是步行去学校。

C．主句动词是由介词构成及 She asked whether Jim left the message or not when he left. 她问当
吉姆离开时是否留条没有。
注：在下列几种情况下，只能用whether,不能用if:
●当or not紧随连词之后时。如：
I don't know whether or not he will come on time.我不知道他能否按时来。
●从句用作介词宾语时。如：
I am interested in whether he joined the army.我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。
●在带to的动词不定式前。如：She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at
home.她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。
●当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如：
Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是否真实，我不敢肯定。
3．从句是特殊疑问句
A．特殊疑问词不是作主语，疑问词放在句首，其它部分按陈述句语序。
B．如特殊疑问词作主语，语序不用动。
Do you know what he did with that thing? 他知道他怎样处理那件事的吗？
Could you tell me who can look after her? 你能告诉我谁能照顾她吗？
注：A．主句是一般疑问，句尾用问号、用升调。
B．主句不是一般疑问句，句尾用句号，用降调。
四、“在be形容词glad, sorry, sure, surprised等”后跟that引 导的从句。意思上看起来是宾
语从句，实际上引导的是原因状语从句，说明主句的原因
I’m glad that you come to see me. 你来看我，我很高兴。
I’m sorry that everything hasn’t gone very well. 很抱歉一切事情进行很不顺利。
五、一般疑问句主要有think, believe, suppose, don’t you know这类词时。在句中主句的主谓结
构是插入语，从句的疑问词是在主句前
Who do you think is looking for you ? 你认为谁正在找你呢？
When don’t you know we’ll have meeting? 你不知道我们什么时候开会吗？
Whom do you believe she can come with? 你相信她能和谁来呢？
六、动词think, believe, suppose, expect等，否定时，到从句翻译，叫否定转移。
I don’t think she can lend it to the others, can she? 我想她不会把它借给其他人，是吗？
I don’t believe everyone has done his homework, have they? 我相信大家不没有做作业，是吗？
注：转意否定时，反意疑问句看从句部分。
焦点一：宾语从句的引导词
1.宾语从句具有陈述意义时用that引导。that无具体意思，不作任何成分，因此在口语或非
正 式文体中常常被省略。如：
She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk.她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上。
●从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；主从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略；若出现两
个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省去，其余保
留 。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。
My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter.我姑姑说她要
来，还要带她的女儿来。
2.当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，用if或whether来引导从句，意为“是否”。如：
Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag.艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜
欢这个包。
3.宾语从句具有特殊疑问含义时用连接代（副）词引导，它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分，
因此不能省略。如：
Did you hear what he said?你听见他说的话了吗？（作宾语） I don't know whose that is.我
不知道那是谁的。（作表语）
Could you tell me how I get to the post office?你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗？（作状语）
焦点二：宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主 从句间是什么引导词，宾语从句一律用
陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。如：
Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live? →Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives?
●当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时，语序本来就是陈述语序，故语序不再变化。
如： Who will give us a talk? Please tell us. →Please tell us who will give us a talk.
The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光比声音传播快。