父亲的话美国联邦法规 16 CFR 1500.51 供18个月以下儿童使用的玩具和其他物品正常使用和滥用模拟试验方法

2020年12月19日发(作者：孔千秋)
美国联邦法规 16 CFR 1500.51 供18个月以下儿童使用的玩具和其他
物品正常使用和滥用模拟试验方法 原文
出处： 作者： 编辑： [2009-02-25]
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Title 16: Commercial Practices
PART 1500—HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND ARTICLES; ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
REGULATIONS


§ 1500.51 Test methods for simulating use and abuse of toys and other articles
intended for use by children 18 months of age or less.
(a)
Application.
The test methods described in this section shall be used to simulate
the normal and reasonably foreseeable use, damage, or abuse of toys and other articles
intended for use by children 18 months of age or less in conjunction with §1500.18.
(b)
Impact test
—(1)
Application.
Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section,
toys having a weight of less than 3.0 pounds ±0.01 pound (1.4 kilograms) shall be subject
to this test.
(2)
Impact medium.
The impact medium shall consist of a18-inch (0.3-centimeter) nominal
thickness of type IV vinyl-composition tile, composition 1—asbestos free, as specified
by paragraphs 1.2 and 3.1.4 of Interim Amendment-1(YD), dated November 14, 1979, to the
Federal Specification entitled Tile, Floor: Asphalt, Rubber, Vinyl, Vinyl-Asbestos,
SS-T-312B, dated October 10, 1974, over at least a 2.5-inch (6.4-centimeter) thickness
of concrete. The impact area shall be at least 3 square feet (0.3 square meter). The
Commission recognizes that this specified impact medium is the equivalent of, and will
yield the same impact test results as, a surface covered with vinyl-asbestos tile meeting
the requirements of Federal Specification SS-T-312A.
1
1
These documents may be ordered from the General Services Administration, Specifications
Unit, Room 6654, 7th and D Streets, S.W., Washington, DC 20407. The price of the
specification and amendment is $$1.00.
(3)
Testing procedure.
Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(4) (i) and (ii) of this
section, the toy shall be dropped 10 times from a height of 4.5 feet ±0.5 inch (1.37
meters) onto the impact medium described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. The toy
shall be dropped in random orientation. After each drop, the test sample shall be allowed
to come to rest and shall be examined and evaluated before continuing.
(4)
Large and bulky toys.
(i) A toy that has a projected base area of 400 or more square
inches (2,560 or more square centimeters), shall be tested for impact in accordance with
paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section. The base area for toys with permanently attached
legs shall be measured by calculating the area enclosed by straight lines connecting
the outermost edge of each leg of the perimeter.
(ii) A toy that has a volume of more than 3 cubic feet (0.085 cubic meter), calculated
by the major dimensions without regard to minor appendages, shall be tested for impact
in accordance with paragraph (b)(4)(iii) of this section.
(iii) The toys described in paragraph (b)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section shall be tested
for impact by tipping them over three times by pushing the samples slowly past their
centers of balance onto the impact medium described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
(c)
Bite test
—(1)
Application.
A toy (or component or any accessible portion thereof)
that has an external dimension of 1.25 inches ±0.05 inch (3.18 centimeters) or less
and a design configuration that would permit a child to insert a portion into the mouth
in any orientation up to a biting thickness of 1.25 inches ±0.05 inch (3.18
centimeters), for a penetration of at least 0.25 inch (0.635 centimeter), shall be
subject to this test.
(2)
Test equipment
—(i)
Contact mechanism.
The contact mechanism shall be two metal
strips or plates each measuring 0.25 inch ±0.002 inch (0.635 centimeter) high and each
having a contact edge radius of 0.020 inch ±0.002 inch (0.05 centimeter), for at least
a 150-degree cross-sectional arc. A suggested contact mechanism appears in figure 1 of
this section.
(ii)
Loading device.
The loading device shall be a scale or force gauge having an accuracy
of ±0.5 pound (±225 grams).
(3)
Testing procedure.
The test article shall be placed in the contact mechanism in any
reasonable position for a penetration of 0.25 to 0.5 inch (0.64 to 1.27 centimeters),
which position utilizes less than 180 degrees of the arc of the contact mechanism, and
a test load increasing to 25 pounds ±0.5 pound (11.35 kilograms) shall be evenly applied
within 5 seconds. This load shall be maintained for an additional 10 seconds.
(d)
Flexure test
—(1)
Application.
This test shall be applied to each component of a toy
containing metal wire(s), or other metal material(s), for stiffening or for retention
of form if the component can be bent through a 60-degree arc by a maximum force of 10
pounds ±0.5 pound (4.55 kilograms), applied perpendicularly to the major axis of the
component at a point 2 inches (5 centimeters) from the intersection of the component
with the main body of the toy or at the end of the component if the component is less
than 2 inches ±0.05 inch (5 centimeters) long.
(2)
Testing procedure.
The toy shall be secured in a vise equipped with vise shields that
are fabricated from 13-gauge cold-rolled steel or other similar material and that have
a 0.375-inch (0.95-centimeter) inside radius. The component shall then be bent through
a 60-degree arc by a force applied at a point on the component 2 inches ±0.05 inch (5
centimeters) from the intersection of the component with the main body of the toy or
applied at the end of the component if the component is less than 2 inches (5 centimeters)
long. The component shall then be bent in the reverse direction through a 120-degree
arc. This process shall be repeated for 30 cycles at a rate of one cycle per two seconds
with a 60-second rest period occurring after each 10 cycles. Two 120-degree arc bends
shall constitute one cycle.
(e)
Torque test
—(1)
Application
—(i)
General.
A toy with a projection, part, or assembly
that a child can grasp with at least the thumb and forefinger or the teeth shall be subject
to this test.
(ii)
Toys with rotating components.
Projections, parts, or assemblies that are rigidly
mounted on an accessible rod or shaft designed to rotate along with the projections,
parts, or assemblies shall be tested with the rod or shaft clamped to prevent rotation.
(2)
Test equipment
—(i)
Loading device.
The loading device shall be a torque gauge, torque
wrench, or other appropriate device having an accuracy of ±0.2 inch-pound (±0.23
kilogram- centimeter).
(ii)
Clamp.
The clamp shall be capable of holding the test component firmly and
transmitting a torsional force.
(3)
Testing procedure.
With the toy rigidly fastened in any reasonable test position,
the clamp is fastened to the test object or component. A torque of 2 inch-pounds ±
0.2 inch-pound (2.30 kilogram-centimeters) shall be applied evenly within a period of
5 seconds in a clockwise direction until a rotation of 180 degrees from the original
position has been attained or 2 inch-pounds (2.30 kilogram- centimeters) exceeded. The
torque or maximum rotation shall be maintained for an additional 10 seconds. The torque
shall then be removed and the test component permitted to return to a relaxed condition.
This procedure shall then be repeated in a counterclockwise direction.
(f)
Tension test
—(1)
Application
—(i)
General.
Any projection of a toy that the child
can grasp with at least the thumb and forefinger or the teeth shall be subject to this
test. This test is to be conducted on the same toy that has been subjected to the torque
test described in paragraph (e) of this section.
(ii)
Stuffed toys and beanbags.
A stuffed toy or beanbag constructed of pliable materials
having seams (such as fabrics) shall have the seams subjected to 10 pounds ±0.5 pound
(4.55 kilograms) of force applied in any direction.
(2)
Test equipment
—(i)
Clamps.
One clamp capable of applying a tension load to the test
component is required. A second clamp suitable for applying a tension load
perpendicularly to the major axis of the test component is also required.
(ii)
Loading device.
The loading device is to be a self-indicating gauge or other
appropriate means having an accuracy of ±0.5 pound (±225 grams).
(3)
Testing procedure.
With the test sample fastened in a convenient position, an
appropriate clamp shall be attached to the test object or component. A 10-pound ±0.5
pound (4.55–kilogram) direct force shall be evenly applied, within a period of 5
seconds, parallel to the major axis of the test component and maintained for an additional
10 seconds. The tension clamp shall then be removed and a second clamp appropriate for
pulling at 90 degrees shall be attached to the test object or component. A 10-pound ±
0.5 pound (4.55-kilogram) tensile force shall be evenly applied, within a period of 5
seconds, perpendicularly to the major axis of the test component and maintained for an
additional 10 seconds.
(g)
Compression test
—(1)
Application.
Any area on the surface of a toy that is accessible
to a child and inaccessible to flat-surface contact during the impact test shall be
subject to this test.
(2)
Test apparatus.
The loading device shall be a rigid metal disc 1.125 inches ±0.015
inch (2.86 centimeters) in diameter and 0.375 inch (0.95 centimeter) in thickness. The
perimeter of the disc shall be rounded to a radius of132inch (0.08 centimeter) to
eliminate irregular edges. The disc shall be attached to an appropriate compression scale
having an accuracy of ±0.5 pound (±225 grams).
(3)
Testing procedure.
The disc shall be positioned so that the contact surface is
parallel to the surface under test. A direct force of 20 pounds ±0.5 pound (9.1
kilograms) shall be evenly applied within 5 seconds through the disc. This load shall
be maintained for an additional 10 seconds. During the test the toy is to rest on a flat,
hard surface in any convenient position.


[40 FR 1484, Jan. 7, 1975; 40 FR 6210, Feb. 10, 1975; 40 FR 16192, Apr. 10, 1975; 40
FR 17746, Apr. 22, 1975; as amended at 55 FR 52040, Dec. 19, 1990; 56 FR 9, Jan. 2, 1991;
56 FR 558, Jan. 7, 1991]