回答英语-脖子英语怎么读
科
目
英语
年
级
九年级
班
型
培优班
课 题
教
师
被动语态
课
时
1120
学
语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表明主语与谓
语动词之间的关系。语态分为“主动语态”和“被动
习
重
语态”两种,其中,主动语态
强调动作的执行者;被动语态强调动作的承受者。
点
被动语态是初中阶段英语学习的重要知
识点之一。考查被动语态的形式较多,同学们比较害怕的是
在完形填空、阅读理解中遇到被动语态与其他
语言点混合搭配构成长难句,导致在语篇理解时,总有磕
磕绊绊的感觉,甚至彻底迷失在语态和多重复合
句中。
今天,我们就先从基础知识入手,三步搞定被动语态。希望通过这个小专题的学习,帮助大家迅
速
掌握被动语态的基本形态和判定方式。
一、被动语态定义
被动语态是动
词的一种特殊形式,表示主语是动作的承受者,汉语意为:被、受、给等。动
作的执行者由介词“by”
引出。
英语中使用被动语态的情况通常有:
1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者;
2. 强调动作的承受者;
3. 句子的主语是动作的承受者。
例:1. Our
teacher told us a sports meeting would be held in
our school next week.
老师告诉我们运动会下周在我们学校举行。(没必要指出动作执行者)
2. Little
Tom is often laughed at because of his accent.
由于Tom的口音,他总是被人嘲笑。(强调动作承受者)
3. The super
star just stepped out of the room and then was
immediately recognized by the passersby.
这个明星刚刚走出房间就立刻被路人认出来了。(句子的主语是动作的承受者)
二、被动语态的结构与时态
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。
时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
amisare going to be
wouldshould be
过去将来时
waswere going to
be
情态动词
提醒:
被动语态所有的时态都体现在助动词“be”上,过去分词的部分不随时态变化而变化。
备注:初中阶段接触的9大时态(附表中阴影部分)中,现在完成进行时没有被动语态。
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
典型例句:
1.
The pet dog is treated kindly by its owner.
(一般现在时)
2. A dog was knocked down by a car
yesterday. (一般过去时)
3. As people pay more
attention to environment protection, more and more
trees will be planted. (一般将来
时)
4. Our
teacher told us a sports meeting would be held in
our school next week.(过去将来时)
5. My bike is
being repaired now, so I have to go to school on
foot. (现在进行时)
一般
√
√
√
√
进行
√
√
×
×
完成
√
√
√
√
完成进行
×
×
×
×
情态动词+be
助动词be
amisare
waswere
amisare being
waswere being
havehas
been
had been
will be
done
过去分词
6. We went to the library for some
books, only to find that it was being decorated.
(过去进行时)
7. English has been learned by us for
many years. (现在完成时)
8. The dinner had been
prepared well when I arrived home.(过去完成时)
9.
These flowers should be watered every day.(情态动词)
三、解题思路
第一步:寻找标志词“by”:提示:有些题目中并不出现“by”。
第二步:判断主被动:即:通过逻辑,判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系是主动还是被动。
第三
步:判断时态及主谓一致:通过时间词或上下文语境判断动作发生时间,即时态;主语和谓语动词
的数应
该保持一致。
学
1.【2016广东】He Jiang ________
to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at
Harvard University last
习
过
month.
程
A. invites B. invited C. is
invited D. was invited
2.【2015北京】These model
cars ________ in China in 2013.
A. are made
B. were made C. make D. made
3.【2015天津】The novel ________ by many people
today.
A. is read B. are read C.
reads D. were read
4. 【2015重庆】--- How
clean your car is!
--- Thank you. It ________
very often.
A. is washed B. washes C.
was washed D. washed
5. 【2015湖北黄冈】
---Do you think teenagers ________ to make
their own decisions?
---No, I don't agree with
you. They're too young to do that.
A.
encourage B. are encouraging C. are
encouraged D. were encouraged
6.
【2015江苏南京】Pukou Railway Station ________ in 1911
and it has become a filming location for films
and TV plays in recent years.
A. build
B. is built C. built D. was built
7. 【2016北京】A new road ________ near my school
next year.
A. builds B. will build
C. is built D. will be built
8.
【2016河北】Emily is glad that she ________ for her
honesty at the meeting.
A. praise B.
praised C. is praised D. was praised
9. 【2016陕西】Football ________ to our school
subjects last year.
A. is added B. adds
C. was added D. added
10.
【2016山东青岛】Children should ________ to be honest
from a young age.
A. educate B. be
educated C. punish D. be punished
主动和被动语态的转换
转换方式:①
将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;② 将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be
+动词的过去分词
done”结构;③ 将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语,放在谓语
动
词之后(有时可省略)。
例句:Ironman hits Spiderman
every day. 钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。
→_Spiderman is hit by
Ironman everyday.
动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。
转换方式:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介
词和副
词。
例句: He always takes care of his
sister. 他总是照顾他的妹妹。
→His sister is always taken
care of by him.
带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态
转换方式:变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补 足语。
例句:All the villagers painted the houses white.
所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
→The_houses are painted white
by all the villagers.
双宾语改为被动语态
转换方式:谓语动词带双宾语时,既可将间接宾语转化成主语,也可将直接宾语转化成主语。
方式一:
若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;方式二:若将直接宾语转化为
主语则保留间接宾语,
且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for。
例句:He
gave her some books. 他给了她一些书。
→She was given
some books by him.(间接宾语转化 主语)
→Some books were
given her by him.(直接宾语转化 为主语)
主动结构表示被动含义
1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash
等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物 时,
可用主动语态表示被动意义,用来描述主语特征。
例句:The door won't lock. 这个门锁不上。 This kind
of cloth washes well. 这种布很好洗。
2. look,
smell, sound, taste 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
例句:I
think the fish must taste good. 我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。
Your
reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很充分。
3. want need require +doing 相当于 want need
require + to be done。
例句:The house needs
repairing.这房子需要修理。
→_The house needs to be
repaired. _
练习:
1.—What's the
meaning of the activity ?
—Paper shouldn't in
everyday life.(
C.be wasted
)
A.waste B.wasted D.is wasted
2.The
Dongying-Hainan airline
times.(
A.is open
)
for about 5 months.I have taken the
flights three
B.has opened C.has been open
D.has been opened
3.My house when you visited
Beijing last time,so I didn't invite you to my
home.(
)
A.was being decorated B.is
being decorated
C.has been decorated
D.was decorated
?( ) 4.My e﹣mail_ _to you
last night.Have you received it_
A.sent;yet
B.is sent;already C.was sent;yet
5.In the past
few years,thousands of films all over the world.(
)
A.have produced B.have been produced
C.are producing D.are being produced
6.—It's difficult for the village children to
cross the river for school.
—I think a bridge
over the river.( )
D.was built A.should be
built B.is being built C.has been built
7.The World Expo(世博会)
A.being had
in Shanghai now.( )
B.is having C.is
holding D.is being held
8.Now it's much
easier to shop online when your order is ready,the
things you want to buy
to you soon.(
A.send B.were sent
巩固练习:
)
D.will
be sent C.are sending
从下面各题所给选项中,选择最佳选项。
1. (2015·青岛)We _____ to start at once, or we
will miss the train.
A.tell B.have told C.are
told D.told
2.—Does she like singing English
songs?
—Yes. She _____ to sing English
songs in her room.
A.often does B.is often
heard C.often hears
3.(2014·新疆阜康、米泉)—Mary was
heard _____ just now. What happened? —John was
telling a
joke.
A.cry B.to cry
C.laugh D.to laugh
4. It is said that the
project connecting the mainland and Hong Kong
_____ soon.
A.is completed B.has completed
C.will complete D.will be completed
5. These
new clothes _____ to the children in the village
tomorrow.
A.are sent B.were sent C.will
send D.will be sent
workers _____ in the city
because the government plans to build a lot of
buildings.
A.need B.is needed C.was
needed D.will be needed
7.—A new park
_____ in our hometown next year. —Really? Our
hometown must be more beautiful.
A.will build
B.will be built C.is built
sports meeting
_____ next month.
D.will built be
A.will hold B.is going to hold C.will
be held
is reported that Daimiao Culture
Square _____ in Taian next year.
A.will be
built B.were built C.has built D.will build
computer is broken. _____ it _____ today?
A.Will; repair B.Has; repaired C.Will; be
repaired D.Has; been repaired.
11.(2013·内蒙古呼和浩特)If you see the cartoon
film, you will _____ laugh.
A.be made B.be
made to C.make to D.make
12.(中考·长沙)—I am
afraid that I can't finish the task
successfully.—Don't worry. You _____ plenty of
time to do it.
A.will be given B.give
C.will give
13. Each time tourists travel to
Beijing, they _____ the Forbidden City.
A.will
be shown up B.will be shown around C.will
show around D.will show to
14.(2015·河南)Now
it's much easier to shop online. When your order
is ready, the things you want to
buy _____ to
your soon.
A.send B.were sent C.are
sending D.will be sent
15.(2013广东中山三校联考,33,★★☆) These new clothes
_____ to the children in the mountain
villages
tomorrow.
A.are sent B.were sent
C.has been sent D.will be sent
16.(2014辽宁沈阳,11,★★☆)The office phones are
dirty and they _____ next week.
A.will clean
B.will be cleaned C.are cleaning D.are cleaned
17. I'm afraid the task _____ in four hours.
We need two more hours.
A.won't finish
B.won't be finished C.didn't finish
D.wasn't finished
18.— A new play _____ at the
theatre tomorrow evening.
— Really? Good
news!
A.is put on B.will be put on C.was
put on D.will put on
China grows
stronger and stronger, Chinese _____ in more and
more schools out of our
country.
A.teaches
B.is taught C.has taught D.was taught
20.—Congratulations! You _____ to be a
volunteer of BRICS meeting. —Really! I can't
believe it!
A.choose B.have chosen C.are
chosen
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