最新高中英语语法-名词性从句-全

精品文档
高中语法之名词性从句
一，复习句型
1，主+系+表
Li Lei is a Chinese boy. （ Li Lei 是名词，作主语。）
2，主+VI(+介+宾)
He arrived. (arrive 就是不及物动词。)
3，主+VT+宾
He enjoys music.(enjoy 是及物动词，宾语为music)
二，名词性从句的概念
句子中的从句部分，作用相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
三，名词性从句的分类
主语从句
What you said sounds reasonable.
表语从句
This is what I was asked to do.
宾语从句
Nobody knows who broke the glass.
同位从句
The idea that we'll go out for a picnic is great.
四，that引导的名词性从句
六、名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在
从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that- 从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表
语、同位语和形容词宾语。
主语：That she is still alive is her luck. 她还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也
没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that- 从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
精品文档

精品文档
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。
Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和
where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that- 从句一样外，还可充当
介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该
基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语： I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的
邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh- 从句置于句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
八if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes- no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分
别被称为yes- no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。
宾语：Let us know whether if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能
在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值
得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能
度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词ifwhether…or或whether…or not构成，例如： Please tell
me whether if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't
care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。


▲ if和whether的区别：
精品文档

精品文档
1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。
I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。
I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 、在介词后，只能用whether。
His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的，我真的不知道。
3、 （例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时
完成这项工作还是个问题。－－此例为主语从句，有误，感谢指出）
5、
6、用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如：
Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思：“你 能告诉我是否知
道答案吗？”或“如果你知道答案，请告诉我，好吗？”。如用whether可避免歧 义.

九, whoever 和 whatever 引导的名词性从句

whoever引导主，宾从句=anyone who---
whatever引导主，宾从句=anything that---
Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or
three weeks.(2011安徽卷28)=Anything that is left over may be put into the
refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.任何在这样的大雨中行
走得人都会患感冒。=Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a
cold..（主语从句）
I will give the ticket to whoever is interested in music.我将把票给对音乐感兴趣的
人。= I will give the ticket to anyone who is interested in music.(宾语从句)

注意区别：Who will go makes no difference.（主语从句）
I don`t know who will do it.(宾语从句)

以上两句中的who不能换成anyone who

whoever引导状语从句时等于no matter who

whatever引导状语从句时等于no matter what

No matter what you may say, he won`t listen.=Whatever you say, he won`t listen.无论
你说什么他都不会听。

He won`t listen to whatever you say.= He won`t listen to anything that you say.他
不会听你说的任何话。

精品文档

精品文档




精品文档