(完整版)高中英语语法讲解与练习

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第 一 讲 冠 词

口诀: 冠词分为定冠、不定冠，不定冠词a和an，“—”的含义表泛指
表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级
世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提
以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭
名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前
不定冠词aan的用法:不定冠词有和an两种形式。用在以辅音开头的词前，
用在以元音开头 的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不
是根据字母。一般情况下，开头字母 是a、e、f、h、j、l、m、n、o、r、s、x前用不
定冠词an。
1.在可数名词单数形式前表示一动物园里有一只老虎。
2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。
3. 表示某一个的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。
4. 表示同一的意思They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。
5. 表示每一的意思We go swimming four times a week.我们每周去游泳四次。
6. 在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher.我妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old
king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一
个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在英国英语中，以开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用
There is aan hotel near here.这附近有一家旅馆。
9. 在such a，quite a句式中He is quite a good actor.他是一个相当好的演员。
Don't be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙。 10.
在感叹句 what...的句式What a pretty girl she is!她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！
11.用在某些表示数量的词组中：a lot of 许多， a couple of 一对， a great many 很
多，a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen）， a great deal of 大量
定冠词the的用法：
1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物This is the house where Luxun once lived.
( 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。)
2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door, please.(请把门打开)
3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）
Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to
look for food for him.(从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻
找食物）。
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前January is the first month of the year.（一月份是一
年当中的第一个月）。
5. 表示宇宙中世界上独一无二的事物the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球
the sky 天空 the world 世界
6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城
the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国
7. 表示方向、方位in the east 在东方，in the west 在西方，in the front 在前面 ，
at the back 在后面，in the bottom 在底部， at the top 在顶部，on the right 在右
边， on the left 在左边。
8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人The Bakers came to see me yesterday.（贝克一家人
昨天来看我）。
10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物the poor 穷人，the rich 富
人，the sick 病人，the wounded 伤员，the good 好人， the beautiful 美丽的事物。
11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级，the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
12. 用在the very强调句中This is the very book I want.（这就是我想要的那本书）。
13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中The more you drink, the more you like it.

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（你越喝就越爱喝）。
14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the如：play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin
拉小提琴 。但中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play an erhu(二胡)
15. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 前往...去的路上
16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal.(马是一
种有用的动物)。注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法:
A horse is a useful animal Horses are useful animals.
17.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用 the，而不用人称代词。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸
be red in the face 脸红 be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸等结构中名词前要用the

零冠词的用法:
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词China 中国 Europe 欧洲Lei Feng 雷锋 William
Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January 一月份 Sunday 星期日Christmas Day
圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节
比较： ...on a Sunday morning.在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。）
注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival
3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词I have lunch at school. Summer is the best season for
swimming.
比较I had a big lunch yesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个）
The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。
（表示特指）
比较I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.我永远不会忘记我们一起在
夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指）
4. 进行球类运动play basketball打篮球 play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球
5. 没有特指的物质名词This cart is made of wood.
比较The wood outside was all wet.外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）
6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词Time is precious.时间是宝贵的。
比较The time of the play was 1990s.这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代（特
指）
7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后I like tomatoes.我喜欢西红柿。
8. 山峰Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
9. 固定词组go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉go by train 乘火车去 go by
boat 乘船去at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院at school 求学 in school 求学at
noon 在中午 at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里
10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词A boy came in, book in hand.一个男孩进来，手上拿
着书。
11. 泛指人类Man is mortal.人必有一死。
12. 在＋名词 sort of＋名词句式中What kind of flower is it?这是什么花
I like this sort of book.我喜欢这种书。
13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。
He is (the) captain of the team.他是球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open.作为委员会主席，
我宣布会议开始。
冠词和三餐的搭配 :三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词;三餐名词之前若加形容
词时则除外：We have breakfast at eight．我们8点钟吃早饭。He gave us a good
breakfast．他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。I was invited to dinner．他们邀请我吃饭。
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador．
我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。

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The Scots have porridge for breakfast．苏格兰人早餐吃粥。
The wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house．婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行
的。









专题练习:
Linda was a child, her mother always let her have ______ bed.
a. the breakfast in b. the breakfast in the c. breakfast in d. breakfast in the
has promised to give up ______ hundreds of times.
a. a tobacco b. tobacco c. the tobacco d. tobaccos
3._____ usually go to church every Sunday.
a. The Brown b. A Brown c. Browns d. The Browns
4. The train is running fifty miles ______.
a. an hour b. one hour c. the hour d. a hour
5. He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good ______.
a. at the flute(笛子) b. at flute c. at a flute d. at that flute
6. The investigators（调查者） found that more should be done for ______ in India.
a. those poor b. a poor c. poor d. the poor
7. You look in high spirit. You must have ______ during your holiday.
a. wonderful time b. a wonderful time c. the wonderful time d. some wonderful time
8. The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because ______ traffic there
was so heavy. a. a b. an c. the d. one
9. A new teacher was sent to the village in place of ______ one who had retired.
a. a b. the c. an d. its
10. Virtue and vice are before you;______ leads you to happiness,______ to misery.
a. the former…latter b. a former…a latter
c. the former…the latter d. former…latter
children in the kindergarden soon took ______ to their teachers.
a. quite fancy b. a quite fancy c. quite a fancy（想像） d. the quite fancy
12.______ tend to bemoan（悲叹）the lack of character in the young generation.
a. The old b. Old c. Elderly d. Older
13. A man suffering from a chock should be given ______.
a. hot sweet tea b. a hot sweet tea c. the hot sweet tea d. one hot sweet tea
answered my questions with ______ not to be expected of an ordinary schoolboy.
a. his accuracy b. a accuracy（准确） c. the accuracy d. an accuracy
15. If you go by train you can have quite ______ comfortable journey.
b. one c. a d. that
16. We’re going to ______ with ______ today, aren’t we? a. the tea…the Smiths
b. tea…those Smiths c. a tea…a Smith d. tea…the Smiths
17. I want an assistant with ______ knowledge of French and ______ experience of
office routine.
…the b. a…the c. a…an d. the…an
18. Ann’s habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning
annoyed the neighbors and ______ they took her to the court.
a. in the end b. at the end c. in an end d. in end
19. It is reported that today ____ president will have lunch with ___ President Omon.

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