(完整word)2016初二英语现在完成时态的讲解.doc

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现在完成时的讲解和练习题
一、


构成：主 + havehas +

去分 +其他
否定式 : 主 + haven'thasn't +

去分 + 其他。

疑 式 : Have Has +

主 + 去分 + 其他 ?

略答 : ( 肯定 )Yes,

主 + havehas. (

否定 )No, 主 + haven'thasn't.(

否定 )

二、 用法： 在完成 既涉及 去，又 系 在

（一）表示 去 生或已 完成的 作 在造成的影响或 果

, 也可表示 去已 开始 , 一直


到 在的 作或状


延
常与 just （ ）， already （已 ）， never （从来没有）， ever （曾 ）， before （以前）， yet （仍然， ）， once（一次），
twice （两次）， manytimes （很多次）， howmanytimes （多少次），

so far （迄今 止）， up to now ,till now

等 状 用。如：











※副 的位置：① just

常用于肯定句中，放在

have has

后， He has just

come .
②never 表示否定 , 放在 have has

后 ,

He has

never visited the Great Wall.
＋ 去分 ？“?曾 ?? ？”用
？
before .
yet.
③ever 用于疑 句中 , 句型 : Have Has

于 某人 去的 。

④before 用于句末，
Have you
＋主 ＋ ever
ever been to the farm

The woman has never heard of that

⑤yet 用于句末或 not 之后 . Has the train arrived


yet ? No, not

⑥already

用于肯定句 , have has




之后或句末 .We have already

finished it.
⑦so far

用于句首或句末 .

So far,

we have visited the moon.
（二）：表示 去已 开始，一直延 到 在的 作或状 。 状 有：
①for ＋表示一段 的











I have taught English

He has been at this school

I have lived here

I have known him

for 19 years

。
②since ＋表示 去 点的

③since ＋表示 去的 状 从句

④since ＋一段 ＋ ago.
since 1986 .
since I was born.
since 20 years ago.
三、

在完成 中可以和表示一段 状 （
all one

’s life
for ， since ，how long,
。如： be，have，know，live ， ） 用的 必 用延 性 （肯定句）
work，study ，learn ，teach ，keep，speak，talk ，draw，wait ，wear，walk ，sleep ，drive ，
write ，do， clean 等。

Eg. I


have been a teacher for nearly 20 years

.
How long has he lived here?
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常 止性 和延 性 的相 形式如下
1、borrow lend
4、begin start
7、die →be dead

:

→keep, 2、buy→have, 3、finish end
→be on

→be over,
5、open→be open 6、 close →be closed,

8、arrive come go move reach get to
9、leave →be away（ from ） 10 、go to school
→be in at be here be there,
→be in school be a student,
11、get up →be up,

12、fall asleep →be asleep 13、fall ill→be ill
14、get to know →know, 15 、lose →be l ost 16 、become→be
17、begin to study →study,18 、return come back get back→be back
19、join →be in be a ?member,

20、join the army →be in the army be a soldier

21、receive get a letter →have a letter

22、 catch get a cold →have a cold

Eg. 他参 已有三年 .He has joined the army for three years. （ ）改 :
He has been in the army for three years since three years ago.
He
has been a soldier

for three years since three years ago.
四、 在完成 中 注意的几个

1. have been to
和 have gone to 的区


have been to

“曾 去 ?”， 已不在那里，已 回来了

have gone to


主要 的是“去了?”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。
2. have been to

和 have been in 的区

have been to

人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状 。

have been in


表示某人“已在某地停留一段 ， 仍在那里”，其后常 表示一段 的状























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测 试 题
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.




1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where ’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher

’s office.






5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?







11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer.

( )1
、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

( )2
、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never
？


Ｃ.ever

Ｄ . still
( )3
、Have you met
Mr Li ______

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
( )4
、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is
writing
Ｂ.was writing

Ｃ .wrote


Ｄ.has written
( )5
、— Our country
______ a lot so far .


—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed well



Ｂ. changed good
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Ｃ. has changed better

Ｄ. changed better


( )6
、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .


Ａ. was studying
Ｃ. has studied





Ｂ . will study
Ｄ. are studying

( )7
、We ______ Xiao
Li since she was a

little girl .
Ｃ. have known Ａ. know Ｂ. had known

Ｄ. knew

( )8
、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

Ａ. will
see
Ｂ . have
seen

Ｃ. saw

Ｄ.see






( )9
、— These
farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go
Ｃ. do they go
( )10

、— ______ you ___ your homework yet ?
— Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .


Ｂ. did they go Ｄ .
have they gone
Ａ . Did do finished
Ｃ . Have done have finished
1978 .
Ｂ. Have done finished
Ｄ. will do finish

( )11
、 His father
______ the Party since

Ａ. joined Ｂ . has joined

Ｃ . was in

Ｄ . has been in





( ) 12
、— Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ . were

( )13

Ｂ. have been

Ｃ. have become

Ｄ. have made
、— How long have you ____ here ?
— About two months .

Ａ .
been

Ｂ . gone Ｃ . come

Ｄ . arrived
( ) 14


、 Hurry
up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun


Ｂ. had begun
Ｄ. began
since he left the army .
Ｃ . will


Ｃ. has been on
( )15
、 It _____ ten years





Ａ. is Ｂ.
has
Ｄ. was
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( )16

、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

Ａ.has gone

Ｂ. went

Ｃ .will go

Ｄ. has been

( )17

、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

Ａ. have been in

Ｂ. have been to

Ｃ. have gone to

Ｄ. have been

( )18

、The students have cleaned the classroom,

?

A. so they B. d

on’t they C. have they D. haven

’t they

( )19

、

has

Mr White been a memberof Greener China since he

to


A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

( )20

、 His uncle

for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

(

)21. How long have you _______ here?

A. come

B. got

C. arrived

D. been

(

)22. My grandpa died _________.

A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2.

D. my age was 6.

(

)23. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.

A. been

B. gone

C. went

D. never been

(

)24. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.

A. after

B. since

C. for

D. that

( )25.--Who

will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I

will. I _____ her several


A. met

B. have met

C. had met

D. will meet

(

)26. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?

--Just 2 weeks.

A. will, buy

B. did, buy

C. are, having

D. have, had

(

)27.--Do you know Lydia very well?

--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.


A. have made

B. have become

C. have been

D. have turned




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China?
times.

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(

)28. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.

A. has lived



B. lived

C. have been

D. live
( )29. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?-- Sorry. He
______ the Bainiao Park.

A. has been to








B. has gone to

C. went to

D. will go to
(

)30. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go

D. were, going
III. Rewrite the sentences.

1. I have been to Macau before. (



改为否定句 )
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2.



He hasn’t come to school

because he was ill. (

就划线部分提问 )
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now. (


用 just

改写 )
I ____ just ____ a new bike.

4. We began to learn English three years ago.(


改为同义句 )
We ____ ____English ____three years

5. He has never surfed, _______ _______?


（改成反意疑问句）
对划线部分提问 )
6. They have been here since 2000. (


_______ _______have they been here?

7. The old man _________ last year.

He has _______ _______for a year. (die)


（动词填空）
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (







同义句转换 )
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
四、用 have has been to in, have gone to


及 go 的各种形式填空。




1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ they _____ this village?
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5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.

7) I _____ this school since three years ago.

8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.

9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.

10) Would you like to _____ to the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.

11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ to the zoo.

12) He often _____ swimming.

13) _____ you ______ there last year?

14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?




五、 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since

填空


1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4.
“Have you ________ seen the film? ” “No, I have ________ seen it.

5.
“Has the bus left _______? ” “Yes, it has _________ left.
”
















































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参考答案：

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一 直持续
到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析 、
推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。

2、现在完成时常与 already （已经）， just （刚刚，正好）， ever （曾经）， never （从来，也不；从
不）， before （以前）， yet （仍然）等连用。故 2 应选 B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与 recently

（近来）， so far （到目前为止）， in the

past “last + 一段时

间”等时间状语连用。 因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，

句中的动作是从过去某

一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故

4 应选 D。

5、C

6、现在完成时时常与“ for + 时间段或 since + 过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故

6 应

选 C。

7、C

8、现在完成时还与 once（一次）， twice （两次）， three times

（三次）， several times

（几

次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故 8 应选 B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，
就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去， 但二者又有区别：

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、 存在的状态或经常发生的动作， 说话的侧重点在于陈述一件
过去的事情， 与现在没有关系； 现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作， 它不与表示过去
的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。故 9 的正确答案为 B。
10、B

11、现在完成时中， 非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since
引导的表示一段时间的状语连用， 通常是用相
应的延续性动词来代替。故
11 的正确答案依次为： D。

12、B 13 、A 14 、 C 15 、A。

16、“ havehas gone to +
地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这
儿。“ havehas been in +
地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“h
16 的正确答案为 A。
avehas been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故
17、A 18 、D 19 、 C















20 、C

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