appearance什么意思-coo是什么意思
红与白-中西方的颜色词内涵对比
【Abstract】 All
people live in the same material
world, and
the physical mechanism of perception is pretty
much the same in all people. However,
different peoples
from different countries and
with different cultural
backgrounds have the
different feelings to the same color
term.
Because of their different geographical position,
history, religion, custom, psychology and ways
of
thinking, the implied meanings of the color
words are
different. There are bunches of
color terms in the
vocabularies of different
countries. They all have deep
cultural
connotations, besides their literal denotations.
In some important occasions, as the main
expression of
customs, red and white imply
different cultural
backgrounds. Through the
analysis of symbolic meanings of
red and
white, this thesis puts an emphasis on the
national traits of color terms. Approached
from four
aspects-- environment, perception,
philosophy and
religion, the study explores
the cultural and historical
roots of the
differences. The purpose of this thesis is
to
avoid errors in cross-cultural communications
based on
a better awareness of cultural
differences.【Key Words】
red; white;
connotation; causes; color terms;
English and
Chinese
【摘 要】 人们生活在同一个物质世
界,其感知的生理机制
使人们对颜色词的理解也不禁相同。但是,不同国家不同文化背
景的人对
同种颜色的理解也有所不同。这是因为不同的地理环境,
历史背景,宗教信仰,文化风俗,心理以及思维
方式使颜色词所
蕴涵的意义产生差异。在各种语言词汇里有大量的颜色词,除了
表达颜色本意之
外,它们有更深刻的文化内涵。在中西方的重大
场合里,红白两色作为一种重要的风俗表现形式,深刻体
现了两
种不同的文化背景,本文通过对红白两色基本象征意义的对比分
析,强调了英汉颜色词的
民族特性,并从环境、感知、哲学和宗
教四个方面探索了造成这种差异的文化历史根源。本文研究是为<
br>了更好地了解民族文化差异,避免在跨文化交际中产生失误。
【关键词】
红;白;内涵;原因;颜色词;英汉
1. IntroductionTo satisfy
our daily necessities,
people use a host of
color terms to represent colors. For
example,
it is estimated that there are over three
thousand color words in English. Our eyes are
able to
distinguish seven million different
colors, most of which
we cannot name. As we
know, color is the physical
appearance.
Although people are in different countries,
they also have the same reflections of colors.
“According to the famous BK Hypothesis——Berlin
and Kay
consider that all languages include
two to eleven basic
colors, which are black,
white, red, yellow, green, blue,
brown,
purple, pink, orange, gray.” [1] However, in
addition to what we mentioned above, colors
also reflect
the features of different culture
and society to certain
extent. In our daily
life, people often realize the
colors by optic
nerves, and also express their feelings
by colors. “Since human beings have the
same physical
mechanism and optic nervous
system, it is no differences
in the feelings
of colors in theory”[2] : sensory organs
such
as eyes, ears and nose to sense the environment,
and
the sensations received by them are routed
through our
nervous system to our brains,
where they are interpreted
and recorded.
Therefore, the reflections in our minds of
the
objective world are the same, that is, they refer
to
things and interpret unit of meanings by
means of the
same concepts. However, due to
the differences of custom,
geographical
position, history, religion, psychology,
some
colors have already been the obstructions in the
cross-cultural communication. So learning the
similarities and differences of color terms in
English
and Chinese has a great effect on the
cross-cultural
communication and instance, in
the
traditional Chinese weddings, the bride,
who wore red
shoes, red dress, and a red veil,
sat in red-painted
palanquin, greeted by the
bridegroom who rode a horse
with a big red
silk-made flower on the chest. After the
ceremony, they would enter into the bridal
chamber
decorated with red things——red
candles, red bed, red
quilts, red bedsores,
and red pillows. What's more, the
gifts sent
by the guests were enveloped in red paper
packages. These red things not only show the
joyful
atmosphere, but also suggest that the
newly married
couple will have a happy life in
the future. However, in
the western countries,
the wedding is called
wedding
white
gloves and shoes; the carriage of wedding is
driven
by white horses, the driver of which
wears a white hat;
what's more, the invitation
cards are written with silver
letters. It is
so different with Chinese custom. In China,
white is used to mean
are hardly use white
in celebrations and happy
is natural that
English terms of colors may
have cultural
associations that are not transparent to
Chinese learners of English as a foreign
language. The
following paragraph are meant to
focus on the two color
terms——red and white,
and to help them attain a better
understanding.
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