grading-女朋友的英文
直接引语变间接引语的用法
一、如何变人称;
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主
。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接
引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称
或被第一人称所修饰。从句中
的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
She said.
with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人
称。或
被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的
主句没有
宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:
He said to Kate.
then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第
三人称或被第三人称所修
饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
Mr. Smith said: 。
worker。
二、如何变时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的
时态。如:
1) She said.
2) She said.
3) She
said. 。 go to see his
friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
told me. → The teacher
told me the earth moves around the sun and the
moon moves
around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jack said.
“John, where were you going when I met you in the
street?” →Jack
asked John where he was going
when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时
态不变。如:
Xiao Wang said. 。e was born
on April 20,
1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接
引语,
时态不变。如:
He said, 。
morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to, had better,
used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would,
might)不再变。
如:
Peter said. 。
that day。
三、如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规则,时间状语由“现在”改为“
原来”
(例:now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before)地点
状语,尤其表示方向性
的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this
改为that),如:
He said, s are mine.
四、如何变句型:
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She
said,
five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问
句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为
由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said,
an you swim, John?
John if he could swim.
asked me whether I had finished the
homework.
or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特
殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导
的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
She asked me,
their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为等) sb.(not) to do
sth.句型。如:
to the children. →She told
(ordered) the children
not to make any noise.
tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest
+
动句词(或从句)。”如:
He said, ggested going to
the film.或He suggested
that they should go to
see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引
语;
一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:
John said,
约翰说:我要和父亲到伦敦去。(引号内是直接引语)
John said that he
was going to London with his father.
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)
由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:
1、直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为th
at引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词
主要有say ,tell,
repeat, explain, think等。
He said,
2、直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say
改为ask,或改为wonder, do not
know, want to know, be
not sure, be puzzled等。
(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if
(whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said,
→She asked me
if (或whether)I often went there to read
newspapers.
She asked me, the film, haven’t
you?
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the
film.
(2) 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked
him,
→I asked him whether he would stay at
home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked,
3、直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作ask , tell, beg,
order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语
(don’t 变为not ).
The teacher said to the boy,
open the
window.
His father said to him, “Don’t leave
the door open.” →His father told him not to
leave the door open.
[注意]
(1)
有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等
动词
加以转述。例如:
He said,
→He suggested (our
)going to the theatre.或He suggested that
we(should) go to
the theatre.
(2)
→He
asked me to open the window.
→he advised
me to take a walk after supper.
→He
suggested listening to the music.
4、直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导。
She said,
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said
that it was a lovely day.
5、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将
来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保
持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时
态按下
列变化:
(1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时
(2)
现在进行时变为过去进行时
(3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时
(4)
现在完成时变为过去完成时
(5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时
(6)
过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时
[注意]
(1)
如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为
一般过去时。如:
The
teacher said
→The teacher said that the earth
goes round the sun.
(2)
如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过
去时不改为过去完成时。如:
He said to me,
→He told me that he was
born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,
一般现
在时不改为一般过去时。如:
He said,
→He said
that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表
示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引
时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
The
girl said,
→The girl said that she gets
up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since,
when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,
在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动
词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
He said to me,
→He told
me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had
better以及情态动词的过去
式could, might, should,
would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。
例如:
The
teacher said to me .
→The teacher told me that
I must (have to ) pay more attention to my
pronunciation.
He said ,
→He said that
he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc)
----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the
day before
last week(month) --- the
week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---
three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next
(following ) day
next week(month)--the
next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come –go
直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解
定义:直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。
例:He
said:
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例:He
said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
第一:人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。
例如:
直接引语 She said:
间接引语 She said she
was hungry.
直接引语 Mum said to me:
间接引语 Mum
told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.
第二:时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下
图。
注意:
1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时。
例如:Teacher told us:
Teacher told us the
moon moves round the earth.
2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,间接引语仍用一般过去
时。
例如:She said:
She said she went to England
in 1998.
3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。
He
says:
He says that he bought me a book
yesterday.
第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
第四:句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时,用that连接。
如:She
said:
She said that she was a girl.
(that可以省略)
2.一般疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语气,并要
加连词if或whether。
例如:She asked me:
She
asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如:
Susan asked
her husband how much they had spent on petrol that
year.
4.祈使句变间接引语,一改二变三加四去。
一改:said (to)
改为asked或told, ordered等
二变:said to
的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加:即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式
四去:去掉please
例:He said to her:
He asked
her not take the book away.
5.感叹句变为间接引语
She complained about the awful weather.
He praised me that I was a bright girl.
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