定语从句专题二

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关系副词特殊用法：


1
. 关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity , scene ,
stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion ,
stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason 这一个先行词。

即学即用
：用where、when填空。
1) Now you can see we’ve come to the point a change is badly needed .
2) Today we’ll discuss some cases beginners of English fail to use it
properly .
今天，我们要讨论一些案例，在这些案例中，英语初学者们没有恰当地使用语言。

3) There are few occasions my students can’t understand what I
teach in class .
2
. when和where 在少数情况下可作介词宾语。
e.g. 1) . The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw
his mother
walking into the house .
（ where 指代behind the door 。不能换为which ，因为which只能
指代the door ）
2) . They went to American three years ago ，since when they have
lived there .
( when指代three years ago 。不能换为which ，因为which只能指
代three years =and since then)
一、关系代词
whose
的用法：
1 . whose 在从句中作定语 ，表示“先行词的…” ，既可指人，也可指物。
e.g. John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist
即学即用
：The old man lived in the house window was broken .
The boss , company my father worked , was very friendly to
the workers .
2 . whose 可以转换为of which（物）和of whom（人） 。
e.g. 1) The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine .
=The dictionary the cover of which of which the cover is missing is
mine .

即学即用
：They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday .
= They also invited Mr Wang , was stolen last Sunday .
=They also invited Mr Wang , was stolen last Sunday .
二、
which
的特殊用法：
1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 有时不是修饰某个先行词 , 而是
指代主句的全部或部分内容 。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which 时，
which 只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。
e.g. 1) In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face
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and hands , which ,
however , is not the custom in western countries .
Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry .

2 . which 有时可在定语从句中作定语 , 含义上相当于指示代词this that 。
e.g. 1) He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned
English well .
2) It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing .

3 . 以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时 , 可借关系代词which把介词前置。
即学即用：
Those poor people had no houses to live in .
Those poor people had no houses .in which to live
注：如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom 。

即学即用：
I want to find a person to travel to England with .
I want to find a person to travel .with whom to travel
to England .

三、关系代词as的用法：
1. 引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有such , so , the same等修饰时, 关系代词要
用as ； as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。
e.g. 1) . I have never seen such a kind girl as she is .
2) . He is such a good teacher as every student respects .
即学即用
：Such a student often studies hard is sure to pass this exam .
He bought the same bike I did last week .
2. 引导非限制性定语从句：
as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容,可译为“这一点，此事；
正如” ，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾 。常见于as we all know ,
as has been said above ，as is usual ，as is often the case , as everybody can see ,
as is known to us all等结构。
e.g. 1) . He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us .
2) . As we all know , the earth moves around the sun .
3) . This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last .
Whichas
引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
相同点

两者常可互换，which在非限定性定语从句谓
语句末且指代前面的主句
①Those two students are wearing the same
clothes , which as is very interesting .
②They came to the party on time , as which
had been expected .


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不同点
1、as从句可位于句首(或主句前) , 而which从
句只能在主句后。
2、关系代词作主语时, 如果从句的谓语是及物
动词+宾语的结构, 则只能用which 。
3、当which 在从句中指代的是先行词而不是
主句，只能用which

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即学即用
： 1、 ____ is often the case , we have worked out the production
plan .
A . Which B . When C . What D . As

2、 His father died in a traffic accident , made us greatly
surprised .
A . Which B . When C . What D . As

3、The car, we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.
A . Which B . When C . What D . As

四、
关系代词
(which that)
与关系副词
(when, where, why)
的选取方法：
1、当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行
词，并代替先行词在 从句中作主语或宾语。
2、如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语, 先行词前面需要加上一个介词才
能在从句中作成分的时候, 选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换
为“介词 + which”。
e.g. 1) Do you remember the day which that we spent in the
mountain village ?
Do you remember the day when (= on which ) we visited the
mountain village ?
2) This is the factory which that we visited last year .
This is the factory where (= in which ) he worked last year .
3) We don’t believe the reason which that he gave for his coming
late .
We don’t know the reason why (= for which ) he has changed his
mind .

拓展：
that
在有些句型中可视为关系副词：
1 . way后面的定语从句常用that或in which引导 , 但可省略。
e.g. I don’t like the way ( that in which ) you speak to your parents .
The way ( in which that ) he worked on the problem was wrong .
注： 如果way在从句中作主语或宾语, 应该用关系代词which that。
e.g. He explained the problem in a way that which everyone could
accept .
2 . It is ( about , high ) time that … (正)是 …… 的时候了。
that从句中常用一般过去时, that在口语中可省略。
e.g. It was high time that we stopped pollution .
It is time that you had lunch now .
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3 . This is the first ( second ,… last ) time that … ( 从句中常用完成时态 )
e.g. This is will be the last time that I have come to China .
It was the first time that he had been invited to China .
五、定语从句有关要注意的问题

(一) 关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。
1 . 先行词只有one of 修饰时 , 从句谓语用复数。
e.g. He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan .
This is one of the best books that were written by the writer .
2 . one of 前有the , the only ，the very ，the first时 , 从句谓语用单数。
e.g. Tom is the only very one of the boys who knows the truth .
(二) 定语从句的隔离现象：
1 . 定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语, 定语或者其他成分隔开, 要注意找准
先行词。
即学即用
：
1、The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in
that village .
2、Is there a restaurant around we can have lunch ?
3、The days are gone we used foreign oil . (

2 . 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。
e.g. 1) He is the man who I think is fit for the job .
2) --- Is that the small town you often refer to ?
--- Right , just the one ______ you know I used to work for years .
A . that B . which C . where D . what
(三) 定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：
e.g. Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big
tree .
Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful
rainbow .
(四) 注意区别定语从句和其他从句：
1 . 区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句
一定有先行词)
e.g. After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a
theatre . (状语从句)
A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a
theatre . (定语从句)
2 . 区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。
e.g. 1) This is the company in which he worked three years ago . ( which
引导定语从句 )
2) A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago .
( what宾语从句)
A . what B . which C . that D . where
3 . 区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。
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e.g. The news that he won the match made us excited . ( 同位语从句 )
The news ( that ) he told us made us very excited . ( 定语从句 )
同位语从句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉tha t从句仍然完整。定语
从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。

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