英语宾语从句用法详解

英语宾语从句用法详解 初中英语分类练习 ——宾语从句
复习目标：1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词

2、掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语

3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。 重点：语序和时态呼应 难点：语序和时
态呼应；疑问词+不定式的转化；状语从句的辨析
一、 宾语从句的连接词：
1、 连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。
eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、 连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不
作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。 eg. Tom don’t know ifwhether his grandpa liked
the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，
但以下3种情况只能用whether： ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been
decided. ②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are
talking about whether to go there or not. 3、 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副
词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。 eg. The teacher
asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】
1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I don’t know
how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意
区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、 宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序是陈
述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它 的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语
序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。 Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me
who(m) we have to see?( √) The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在
从句中的成分) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I
will leave a message on the desk.” à She said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问
句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where
are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are. 三、 宾语从句的时
态呼应： 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如
果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般
过去 时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过
去完成时）。 eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳) I thought (that) you would be free
today. ( √) 【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都
用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 四、 其他
需要说明的问题： 1、 标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句
则用问号。 eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、 要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。 五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分： eg. 1) I will
go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语
从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰 主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。
句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词do n’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知
道火车是否到达。 判断方法： 1、 可以从整 个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面
或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后 。 2、 从引导词看。if充当宾语
从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”， 充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如

果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“ 什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为
“当……的时候”。 3、 从时态看。if和when 作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的
谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和wh en充当从属连词时，引导条件和
时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一 般现在时表示将来。
实战演练 一、例题选讲 例1 I don’t know ________ he will come or not. A． how
B． whether C． weather D． when 答案： B 提示： 在宾语从句中出现了or not，这里只
能用whether。 第二题答案为B，根据题意问他们何时回来，所以要用when。 例2 Can you
tell me ________they will come back? A． where B． when C． which D． who 答案： B
提示： 根据题意问他们何时回来，所以要用when。 例3 Have you seen the doctor? He asked
me. （两句并一句） 答案： He asked me if whether I had seen a doctor 提示： 是一般疑
问句，连接词应为if whether 例4 How can we get to the science museum? Could you tell us?
（两句并一句） 答案： Could you tell me how we can get to the science museum? 提示： 特
殊疑问句，连接词就是它本身的特殊疑问词how，将情态动词can放在主语me之后，时态
运用取决 于主句。主句could you tell me是委婉语气，是一般现在时，所以从句是什么时态
就用什么时态。 直接引语变间接引语 一、如何变人称： 直接引语变间接引语时，如果
从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中 的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化
如： She said. →She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“直接引语变间接引语时，若从句 中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句
中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引 号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，
如： He said to Kate. →He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “直
接引语变间接引语 时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人
称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 。→Mr Smith said Jack was a
good worker。 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
如果主句谓 语动词为现在范畴的时态或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原
来时态。如果主句谓语动 词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现
在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不
变，仍为过去完成时 要注意在以下几种情况： （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变
为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如： The teacher said
sun.→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. （2）直接引语中有具体的过去某年、
某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： He said to me, →
He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为
间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为 一般过去时。如： He said, →He said
that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4) 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动
作，变间接引语时，时态不变。如： The girl said, →The girl said
that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过
去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一 般过去时则不
变。如： He said to me, →He told me that he had
taught English since he came here. (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及
情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的
改变。例如： The teacher said to me . →
The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said ,
could swim when I was only six .→He said that he could swim when he was only six. (7) 直接
引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said.

the street?→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 三、如何变状
语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化 有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：
now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代
词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如： He said,
→He said those books were his. 四．如何变句型： ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改
为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, →She said that
their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问
句，间接引语应改为由whe ther或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, →
He asked John if he could swim. have finished the homework, haven't you?my mother
asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
bus or by bike?→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引语如果是特殊
问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾 语从句必须用陈述句语
序）。 She asked me, → She asked me when they had their
dinner. ④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为等) sb (not) to do sth.
句型。如： ’t make any noise,→She told (ordered) the children
not to make any noise. →She asked him to bring her a
cup of tea. ⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest
+动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, ’s go to the film.→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号
引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。
例 如： John said, 约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引
号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父
亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语） 五、由直接引语变为间接引语的几种情况： 1． 直接
引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词
主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 He said ,
was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改
为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 （1） 一般疑问
句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 She said,
newspapers?→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked
me , →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。 I asked him,
film tonight?→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑
问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 He asked , →He asked me
where I lived. 3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise
等动词的宾语补足语（don't 变为not ）. The teacher said to the boy, →The
teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , →
His father told him not to leave the door open. [注意] （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求
的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, →
He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2)
mind opening the window?→He asked me to open the window.
don't you take a walk after supper?→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
we listen to the music?→He suggested listening to the music. 4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, →She
said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.