amount什么意思-四级没过能考研吗
一、 英语音标发音表
英语国际音标共48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
国际音标(英语语音)
前元音
[i:] [i] [e] [?]
单元音 中元音
[?]
[?:] [?]
元音 后元音
[u:] [u] [?:] [?] [a:]
双元音
开合双元音
[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音
[i?]
[ε?]
[u?]
爆破音
清辅音
[p] [t] [k]
浊辅音
[b] [d]
[g]
摩擦音
清辅音
[f] [s] [?]
[θ]
[h]
浊辅音
[v] [z] [?] [?]
辅音
破擦音
清辅音
[t?] [tr] [ts]
浊辅音
[d?] [dr] [dz]
鼻音 (浊辅音)
[m] [n]
[?]
舌则音 (浊辅音)
[l] [r]
半元音
(浊辅音)
[w] [j]
1
[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie
--three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat
tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak
clean piece
[?]发音字母 a--bag hand and ant happy
hat map mad bad black back glad flag
shall man
[e]字母组合 ea e a--head bread pleasure elephant
electric remember sell
shell lesson better bed
desk hotel yes many any
[]字母组合ir ur ear er or
--girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
[ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o
a e u--teacher leader remember player speaker
farmer powder doctor actor mayor author
tractor delicious gracious pleasure
familiar
collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson
control around account
ago elephant manta
banana Canada
[a:] 字母组合 ar a--car farm card
arm garden fast class last glass plant
aunt
calm
[]发音字母 u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun
hunt cup bus come mother dose
brother love
above trouble rough flourish blood flood
[]字母组合 al or au our ar--small wall talk tall
hall ball call walk short
more lord horse for
forty sport door floor store author caught autumn
four
mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter
[]发音字母 o a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss
collar not want wash watch
[u:]字母组合 oo o u--
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe
do
2
two true truth blue
full prude
[u]字母组合 oo ou u o--look good foot
book wood should could put full bull
pull push
woman wolf
[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey--name cake
late gate plane April play say may
way great
break rain paint plain they grey
[ai]发音字母 i y
--bike fine find die nine light night high my try
fly eye
[au]字母组合 ou ow--house out flour ground
account count sound loud around
mouse flower
down now cow how town
[]发音字母 o ow oa--home
cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow
blow show flow boat coat goal
[i]字母组合 eer
ear--beer deerear near here fierce idea
[]字母组合ear air ere--pear bear chair air fair
there where care
[u]字母组合our ower--hour tour
flower shower
[t] tree two ten ton town twenty
city
[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl good goal goat grade long language
[m] man make moon morning move come comb
[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
[] uncle bank English think thank junk sing
king morning
[l] long land lend lord fly flag
black world cold could goal soul
[r] read red
right run room write
[f] five fly fine flag
frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough
3
[v] very evening even
every voice vest of
[s] six sit student same
seat kiss miss case scarf
[z] zoo zebra zero
zap close nose hose suppose pause those
[]
that this those these though
[∫] sheep
shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention
[h] hot hop home house horse how who
[w]
when what where window wind wood
[j] yes year
yell you your yolk yellow
[] child chicken
china chair lunch ouch catch teach
[] age
language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy
join July June
junk
[tr] tree country try
treat track trunk
[dr] dry dream drop drive
drink
[ts] students boots boats goats nuts
[dz] goods woods moods hoods
二、特殊单词发音:
元音:
4
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek(ee)
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean
speak clean
please(ea)
he she me(e)
piece receive ceiling (ie,ei)
2)
[i] 发音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six
mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many
twenty happy dictionary
defect decide
delicious
3) 发音字母 a
bag hand
and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag
5
shall man
4)
[e] 字母组合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson
better bed
desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
girl
shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her
nerd serve
work worm work world
6
6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar
o a e u
teacher leader remember player
speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor
author tractor
delicious gracious
pleasure familiar
collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson
Washington control polite around account ago
elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7)
[a:] 字母组合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
7
fast class last
glass plant aunt calm
8) [ ] 发音字母 u o ou
oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) [ ]字母组合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door
floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
8
warm quarrel quarter
draw saw flaw
10) [ ] 发音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose
tooth
shoe do two
true truth
blue full
12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u
look good foot book
9
should could
put full
bull pull push
woman wolf
13)
[ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late
gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 发音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
10
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
house out flour
ground account count sound loud around
mouse
flower down now cow how town
16)
[εu] 发音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone
host ghost
know low below grow blow show
flow
boat coat goal
17) [ ]
字母组合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil
voice choice
11
18)
[iε] 字母组合 eer
beer deer ear idea near
here fierce
19) [ ] 字母组合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where
20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower
[ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE]
2 容易混淆的元音
[ ] [e]
bad bed
hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i:] [ei]
real rail greet great mean
main read raid
12
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side
head hide
[aU] [ ]
house horse
loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count
corn
[aU] [ ]
found fond
down done gown gone town ton
3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
13
4) [d] door dull desk
dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite
key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字
母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account
accept (
母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray
(发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long
language
7) [m] man make moon morning
move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine
night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank
English think thank junk
sing king
morning evening
发音字
14
10) [l] long land lend lord fly
flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof
knife life wife
(字母f)
cough laugh
rough(字母gh)
physic photo phone (ph)
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest(
字母v)
of (字母f)
14) [s] six sit
student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发
音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling
celebrate (发音字母c)
15
licence piece juice science lance space ace
(字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z)
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
(se)
16) [ ] think thank three thirty
tooth mouth
17) [ ] that this those
these though
18) [ ] sheep shoulder ship
shoe she brush wash (sh)
nation attention
station
social special
sure
19) [ ] pleasure
20) [h] hot
hop home house horse how who
16
21) [w] when what where window
wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your
yolk yellow
23) [ ] child chicken china
chair lunch ouch teach (字母
组合ch)
catch
watch match (字母组合tch)
24) [ ] age
language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25)
[tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
17
[v]
[w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [ ]
sink think mass math
miss myth sort sought
[z] [ ]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [ ]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win
wing
5 字母,组合音节发音规律
1)a [ei] [?]
[ ] [a:] [ ]
late private grade bake
grape nation station page
18
active hand bank fan parent family glad
flag
accept about above formative
machine cinema
fast last glass class
past father
wash what watch want
2)e [i:] [e] [i] [ ] 不发音
appreciate
extremely secret she me he
letter left
message generate pebble
decide pretty
previous result restore
problem
prosperous student confident
active
table late wife store lecture
3)i [ai]
[i]
19
high price
library ice cream wife size line
fist
pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4)o
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
lode host cold note
okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5)u [ju] [u] [ ] [ ]
university
refuse unique universe huge
put push
pull full bull
20
but brush bucket duck bubble
support
suggest
6)c [k] [s]
country
camp camera courage cable
city ceiling
celebrate cell cease
7)g [g] [ ] [ ]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l
[l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect
English gorilla
21
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [ ]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r
[r] [ ](美语发音)
right read write grade
progress
card board door floor form
north
11)y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow
year yell young yolk
university country
pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
22
12)ar [a:] [ ] [
]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea
[i:] [e] [ei] [ ]
cease season breathe
feature meat please
bread breast breath
meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [ ] [ ]
learn earth earn heard
23
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]
deserve serve
her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16) ere [ ] [ ]
here mere fere
sere
there
17) ir [ ] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
24
18) oo [u:] [u] [ ] [
]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]
short form corn
born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior
senator
20) oor [ ] [ ]
door
floor
25
moor poor
boor
21) our [ ] [ ]
hour tour
flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [ ] [ ]
house mouth
mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [ ] [au]
window meadow know
show low
now town how down cow
26
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth
clothes
that this then than
26) sion [ ] [ ]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion
television
27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)
station nation translation attention
27
question
三、连续与爆破音
那么,什么是连读呢?
在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一
个意群(即短语或从句)中,
如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,
如
:not at all如:Please take a look at it.
I’m~an~English boy.
It~is~an~old book.
Let me have~a look~at~it.
Ms Black worked
in~an~office last~yesterday.
I called~you
half~an~hour~ago.
Put~it~on, please.
Not~at~all.
Please pick~it~up.
“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的
j和w是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音
结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是j开头,此时也要连读。
Thank~you.
Nice to meet~you.
28
Did~you get there
late~again?
Would~you like~a cup~of tea?
Could~you help me, please?
“元音+元音”型连读
如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词
以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。
I~am Chinese.
He~is very friendly to
me.
She wants to study~English.
How~and why did you come here?
She can’t
carry~it.
It’ll take you three~hours to walk
there.
The question is too~easy for him to
answer.
爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍
而发出的音。这些音有6个,即p, b,
t, d, k和g。
但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器
官在口
腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个
爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发
音过程叫作不完全
爆破。
6个爆破音有3对p,b,t,d,k,g
失去
爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出
发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的
音。
29
(1)“爆破音+爆破音” 型
6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时,前一
个爆破音会失去爆破,
即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿
势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。
The
girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike
jus(t)
now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c)
tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he
get up every morning?
This is an ol(d)
pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.
The ol(d) do(c)tor
has a ca(t), too.
We’re going to work on a
farm nex(t) Tuesday.
What would you like,
ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
It’s a very
col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.
You can
put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden.
I bought
a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
“爆破音
+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩
擦音(如f,s,W,T等),那么前面那个爆破音
仅有十
分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。
Goo(d)
morning, Mr. Bell.
Goo(d) morning, dear.
Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the
cinema.
I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine
las(t) night.
30
-Do
you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t)
know.
The forty-firs(t) lesson is
qui(te) difficult
31
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