幽雅的近义词是什么-extract是什么意思啊
心之所向,所向披靡
、
.~
① 我们‖打〈败〉了敌人。
②我们‖〔把敌人〕打〈败〉了。
大学英语四级翻译解题技巧
解题步骤:
第一步:首先快速浏览句子,先看英语不看汉语,从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。
所谓形式包括:1.词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等); 2.虚拟;3.
被动
所谓时态是指:根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。
第二步:看括号里面的汉语句子,以核心谓语动词为切入点,找准主谓宾、分清定状补。
第三步:先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补,切块对应翻译,重新组合。
动词注意时态,名词注意单复数。
e.g. 1. Specialists in
intercultural studies say that it is not easy to
(适应不同文化中的生
活).[ 06.12]
[解题步骤]: 第一步:由it is
not easy to可以推出,划线处应该接动词原形;第二步:划
分成分“适应不同文化的生活”
;核心谓语动词是“适应”,“不同文化的”作定语,“生活”作宾
语;第三步:(1)切块对应翻译:
“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself
to;“生活”=life;“不同
文化的”=different
cultures;(2)重新组合:adapt oneself to the life in
different cultures。
[正确答案]:adapt oneself to
the lifeliving in different cultures
2. The
victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to
hospital in time.
[解题步骤]: 第一步:由The victim if
he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出,划
线处
应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整,并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been
taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气,是对过去的虚拟;第二
步:划分成分“本来
会有机会活下来”,核心谓语动词是“本来有机会------”,“活下来”作宾
语;第三步:(1)切块
对应翻译:“本来有机会------”= would have a
chance to do sth,“活下来”=survive;(2)重新组
合:would
have a chance to survive.
[正确答案]:would
havestand a chance to surviveof survival
[考察知识点]:[虚拟语气]与过去相反的虚拟语气,从句用had done,主句用would
have
done
有机会做某事:havestand a chance to do
sthof sth----
考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式:
第一种:由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子
(1). 与现在的事实相反:[If
--- + weredid---, --- + would do---]
If I were
you, I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
(2).
与过去的事实相反:[If --- + had done---, --- +would have
done---]
If you had worked hard , you would
have passed the exam.如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
(3).
与将来的事实可能相反:[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would
do---]
If it should rain tomorrow, what would
you do? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
第二种:用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为:“---(should ) + do sth” (在美语中should常省去) 。
类似用法的动词有:insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) ,
order(命令) , propose (建议) ,
demand (要求) ,
command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) ,
request (请求) , require
(需要、要求) , ask (要求) ,
prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) ,
advocate ( 拥护、
提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
第三种:在 “It is important (necessary, strange,
natural) that ....” 句型中,that从句中的谓
语动词用should +
动词原形
其他类似的词还有“It + be + important (necessary
, natural , essential , strange , absurd ,
amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising ,
vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial
,
imperative , eager , fitting , possible ,
impossible , improper , obligatory , probable ,
preferable ,
strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted ,
suggested , ordered , requested , arranged ,
recommended 等)
+ that ---”
第四种:用在It is
time that --- 结构中, 从句的动词必须用过去时以表示实际上还未做到,
意思则指现
在或将来,that一词可以省略,意思是“早该”或“该”。
It is time (that)
we went to bed . 咱们该睡觉了。
注意: 1. time 前可加about
(表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。
2. it is time to do
sth.表示“应该做某事了”、“是做某事的时候了”,例如:It’s time
for you
to get a bath.
通过对样题以及实考试题的分析,翻译题型有三大考点:
1. 固定搭配考点:这是翻译中的最为核心的考点,也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点,应
该
引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配,形容词与名词搭配,动词与副词的修饰关
系,名词与介词
搭配,更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达,这些都可能成为本次考
试的命题重点。
例1:By contrast, American mothers were more
likely _______________________________
(把
孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.(大纲样题)。
【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点:1)be likely to do
sth 2) owe...to
attribute...to (把...归因于)
2. 核心语法考点:这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移,这一点
要
引起同学的重视,尽管词汇单选题现在不考了,但是还是不能忽视这部分题目,因为考点
是一致的。核心
语法考点最重要的虚拟语气,其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓
语动词等。
例1:The professor required that
___________(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday .
【考点剖析】本题是
典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从
句的时候,一定会虚拟语气
,语法结构为require that +sb+should+动词原形。
例2:Not
only ___________________________ (他向我收费过高), but he
didn't do a good repair
job either (大纲样题)
【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握
情况。句首
的Not only决定了倒装连接,下文用了过去时态,因此,这里需在he之前加did。
所以答案
应该为did he overcharge me。
3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。
例1:Though a skilled
worker, ____________________(他被公司解雇了) last week
because of
the economic crisis .
【考点剖析】本题
的重要考点就是考生对解雇这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有
dismiss,
discharge, fire等。
五条冲刺备考建议:
1.
在进行翻译练习时,尽量力求翻译答案多样化,以便扩展思维,开阔思路,掌握重点核
心表达。
例:(为了挣钱供我上学)______________________, mother
often takes on more work than is
good for her
【考点剖析】对于为了挣钱供我上学的表达,我们可以说To earn money for my
education;
To earn money for my schooling In
order to make money to finance my education In
order to
make money to fund my education In
order to earn money to afford my education等。
2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题,尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点
例:The author was required to submit an
abstract of about 200 words together with his
research
paper.
上面这道题是2004年1月份四级考试的一道词汇单选
题,同学们不难发现,句中的submit(提
交)这个考点词在2006年6月的新四级的翻译题中再
次出现,这足以说明以前的词汇语法题
目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点
延续的例子很多,由于篇
幅所限,就不一一列举,以下举几个典型例子,以前词汇题考点,在未来的翻译
中很可能考
到的,抛砖引玉,希望引起考生重视。
3.
多背搭配,同时利用经典搭配多造句子,完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平,
一举两得。
例2:You will not be particular about your food
in time of great hunger
【考点探究】be particular
about your
food(对食物挑剔)这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。
除了这个表达外,还可以用be
selective about your food 进行替换,这就反映了表达的多样
性。
4.
强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语
动词等。
5. 深度分析已考翻译试题,全面掌握挖掘潜在考点,学会举一反三。
大学英语四级真题翻译常见考察点:
1. 考查主语从句的用法:
2009 06
90. What many people haven’t realized is that
Simon is a lover of sports, and football in
particular.
2008 12
88. What most
parents are concerned about is providing the best
education possible for their
children.
2. 考查 Be likely to 的用法:
2009 06
89. It
is said that those who are stressed or working
overtime are more likely to put ongain
weight.
2007 12
88.
In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am
more likely to get tired than before I get tired
more easily than before
3. 考查no
matter what whatever it is的用法:
2008 06
89
Leaving one’s job, no matter what job it
iswhatever job it is , is a difficult change ,
even for
those who look forward to retiring .
2007 12
89. I am going to pursue this
course, no matter whatwhatever sacrifices I have
to make .
4. 考查定语从句的用法:
2008 12
87. Medical researchers are painfully aware
that there are many problems to which they haven’t
found answers so farthat they haven’t found
answers to so far.
2007 06
88. The
prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field
wherein which we can cooperate.
5.
考查decide to 的用法:
200812
90. Through the
project, many people have received training and
decided to start their own
business.
200706
89. Because of the leg injury, the
athlete decideddeterminedmade a decision to
quitgive updrop
out of the match.
6.
考查虚拟语气的用法:
2009 06
88. If she had
returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldn’t have been
caught in the heavy rain.
2006 12
89. The
victim would have had a chance to survive if he
had been taken to hospital in time.
7.
考查must ,might 等的推测用法:
2008 06
88. I can’t
boot my computer now. Something must be wrong with
its operation system.
2006 12
90. Some
psychologists claim that people might feel lonely
when they are far from home.
8. 考查 in
的用法:
2009 06
87. Soon after he
transferred to the new school, Ali found that he
had what many people haven’t
realized in math
and English.
2006 06
87. Having spend some time in the city ,
he and no trouble (in) finding the way to the
history
museum.
06-08年四级翻译真题分析
08年12月
l researchers are painfully aware
that there are many problems that they haven’t
found
answers to (他们至今还没有答案).
most
parents are concerned about (大多数父母所关心的) is
providing the best education
possible for
their children.
’d better take a sweater with
you in case it turn(s) cold (以防天气变冷).
ht the
project, many people have received training and
decided to start their own
business (决定自己创业).
anti-virus agent was not known until it was
accidentally found by a doctor (直到一名医生
偶然发现了它).
08年6月
87. Our efforts will pay off if
the results of the research can be applied to the
development of the
new technology
(能应用于新技术的开发).
88. I can’t boot my computer
now. Something must be wrong (一定出了毛病) with its
operation
system.
89. Leaving one’s job,
no matter what job it is whatever job it is
(无论是什么工作), is a difficult
change, even for
those who look forward to retiring.
90.
Compared with the place where I grew up
(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more
prosperous and
exciting.
91. Not until he had finished the
mission (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was
seriously ill.
07年12月
87. Owing
to thanks to a series of new inventions
(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctors can treat
this disease
successfully.
88. In my sixties, one change I
notice is that I am apt to inclined to be more
easily tired than
before(我比以前更容易累了).
89. I
am going to pursue this course, no matter what
whatever sacrifices I will make
(无论我要
作出什么样的牺牲).
90. I would prefer
shopping online to shopping in a department store
because the latter is more
convenient and
time-saving (它更加方便和省时).
91. Many Americans
live on credit, and their quality of life is
weighed upon how much they can
borrow
(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.
07年6月
87. The finding of this study
failed to take into accountconsideration the
quality of people’s
sleep(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).
88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is
one field we can make joint efforts onone field we
can co-operate in(我们可以合作的领域).
89. Because of the leg
injury, the athlete decided to give upquit the
match(决定退出比赛).
90. To make donations or for
more information, please contact us at the
following address(按以下
地址和我们联系).
91. Please
come here at ten tomorrow morning if you are
convenient(如果你方便的话).
06年12月
87.
Specialists in intercultural studies say that it
is not easy to adapt oneself to lifeliving in
different cultures(适应不同文化中的生活).
88. Since
my childhood I have found that nothing is more
attractive to me than readingto me,
nothing is
more important than reading(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).
89. The victim would have a chance to
survive(本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to
hospital in time.
90. Some psychologists
claim that people might feel lonely when they are
far from home(出门在
外时可能会感到孤独).
91. The
nation’s population continues to rise at a
speedrate of 12 million per
year(以每年1200万
人的速度).
06年6月
87.
Having spent some time in the city, he had no
trouble finding the way to the history museum
(找到去历史博物馆的路).
88. In order to support my
university studiesto finance my education
(为了挣钱供我上学),
Mother often takes on more work
than is good for her.
89. The professor
required that we hand in our research report(s)
(我们交研究报告).
90. The more you explain, the more
confused I am (我愈糊涂).
91. Though a skilled
worker, he was fired by the company (他被公司解雇了).
翻译练习:
1.I have had great deal of trou
ble______________________________(跟得上班上的其他同
学)。
2.___________(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We
thought he was still in hospital.
3. A good
many proposals were raised by the
delegates,________________(正如预料的那样).
4. Most
doctors recognize that medicine is as
much__________(是一门科学,也是一门艺术).
5. Some women
___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead
of staying
home, but they decided not to work
for the sale of the family.
6.Over a third of
the population was estimated_________(无法获得) to the
health service.
7. Although punctual himself,
the professor was quite
used______________(习惯了学生迟到)
his lecture.
8. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等)
per liter during the summer season.
’d like
__________________(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this
evening.
10. There’s a man at the reception
desk who seems very angry and I think he
means____________(想找麻烦).
11. It may be
necessary to stop__________________________(每隔…时间)
in the learning
process and go back to the
difficult points in the lessons.
12. The mad
man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he
______________(伤害自己).
did not have time to go to the concert last
night because she was_______________(忙着
准备) her
examination.
14. The ship’s generator broke
down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作)
instead of mechanically.
15. Why didn’t
you tell me you could me the money?
I___________________________ (本来不
必从银行借钱的)
16.By the time you get to New York,
I____________(已经动身去) London.
17. Buying
clothes______________________(是一件很耗时的工作), because
those clothes that
a person likes are rarely
the ones that fit him or her.
18. It’s
time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic
problem downtown.
19. When I was very young, I
was terribly frightened of school, but I
soon______________(克服
了这种心理).
20. Please
don’t stand in the kitchen,
you’re________________(挡路了).
21.There was a
knock at the door. It was the second time someone
____________(打扰我) that
evening.
22._____________________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she
does not know how to deal with
the situation.
I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying
thins there and started dealing
with another
shop.
24. The manager would rather his
daughter__________________(不在一个办公室内工作).
25.
The sports meet originally due to be held last
Friday_______________(最终因天气不好而取
消了). 173
26.I__________________(将在做实验) from three to
five this afternoon.
27. How close parents are
to their children_________________ __(有很强的影响) the
character
of the children.
28. But for his
help, I _____________________(我不可能这么早完成).
29.
His remarks left me
____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).
30.
Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款)
whenever he breaks traffic
regulations.
31.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may
be necessary to______________(诉助武力).
32. The
room is in a terrible mess; it
_____________________(肯定没打扫过).
33. Everybody
knows he____________________________(受到了冤枉指控).
34. He wears a pair of
sunglasses________________________(惟恐被别人认出来).
35. She never dreams of
_______________________(被派到国外).
36. If you
won’t agree to our
plan,_____________________(他们也不会同意).
37. I
should say Henry is
_______________________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a
reporter.
38. _____________________(信不信由你),
his discovery has created a stir in scientific
circles.
39. If you don’t like to swim, you
____________(不妨待在家里).
40. Please be careful
when you are drinking coffee in case
you____________________(弄脏了新
地毯).
41.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you
________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time
being.
42. In the Chinese household,
grandparents and other
relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的
作用) in raising
children.
43. John
seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I
don’t trust him.
44. The fifth generation
computers, with artificial
intelligence,_____________(正在研制) and
perfected
now.
45. What a lovely party! It’s
worth_________________(牢记一生).
46.Though you
stay in the sea for weeks, you will
not____________(失去联系) the outside
world.
47. Cancer is _________________(仅次于) heart
disease as a cause of death.
48. It is a pity
that we should stay at home when we have
______________(这么好的天气).
49. I would
______________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t
been so desperate.
50. John cannot afford to
go to the university, _________________(更不用说出国了).
51.I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the
decision as long as it is not too late.
52. I
suggested he ____________________(使自己适应)his new
conditions.
53. I have no
objection_______________________(再听听你的故事).
54.
This popular sports
car___________________(正在生产出来)out at the rate of a
thousand a
week.
55.
_____________________________ (请你找张空白纸)and write
your name at the top?
答案
1. keeping
up with the rest of the class.
2. none of us
expected the chairman to turn up
3. as was to
be expected
4. an art as it is a science
5. could have made a good salary.
6. to
have no access
7. to students?? being late for
8. rangesvaries from 50 cents to $$4
9. to
reserve a table for
10. to make trouble
11. at intervals
12. injure himself
13. busy preparing for
14. had to be
operated manually
15. needn’t have borrowed it
from the bank.
16. shall have left for
17.
is often a very time-consuming job
18.
something was donesome measures were taken
19.
overcame itgot over it
20. in the way
21.
had interrupted me
22. it is because she is
too inexperienced
23. caught him cheating me
24. did not work in the same office
25.
was finally called offcancelled because of the bad
weather
26. will be doingconducting the
experiment
27. has
a strong influence on
28. would not have
finished so early
29. wondering about his real
purpose
30. attempts to escape being fined
31. resort to force
32. can’t have been
cleaned
33. was wrongly accusedcharged
34.
for fear that he should be recognized
35.
being sent abroad
36. neither will they
37. not so much a writer
38. Believe it or
not
39. may just as well stay at home
40.
stain the new carpet
41. didn’t do anything
42. play indispensable roles
43. Even so
44. are being developed
45. remembering
all my life
46. lose contact with
47.
second only to
48. such fine weather
49.
have never resorted to
50. not to speak ofnot
to mentionlet alone going abroad
51. delaying
making
52. should adapt himself to
53. to
hearing your story again
54. is now being
turned
55. Could you take a blank sheet of
paper?
奔波在俗世里,不知从何时起,飘来一股清流,逼着每个人优秀。
人过四十,已然不惑。我们听过别人的歌,也唱过自己的曲,但谁也逃不过岁月的审视,逃不过现实
的残酷。如若,把心中的杂念抛开,苟且的日子里,其实也能无比诗意。
借一些时光,寻一处宁静
,听听花开,看看花落,翻一本爱读的书,悟一段哲人的赠言,原来,日升月落,一切还是那么美。
洗不净的浮沉,留给雨天;悟不透的凡事,交给时间。很多时候,人生的遗憾,不是因为没有实现,而是沉于悲伤
,错过了打开心结的时机。
有人说工作忙、应酬多,哪有那么多的闲情逸致啊?记得鲁迅有句话:
“时间就像海绵里的水,只要挤总是有的。”
不明花语,却逢花季。一路行走,在渐行渐远的时光中,命运会给你一次次洗牌,但玩牌的始终是你自己。
坦白的说,我们遇到困扰,经常会放大
自己的苦,虐待自己,然后落个遍体鳞伤,可怜兮兮地向世界宣告:自己没救了!可是,那又怎样?因为,大多数
人关心的都是自己。
一个人在成年后,最畅快的事,莫过于经过一番努力后,重新认识自己,改变
自己。学会了独自、沉默,不轻易诉说。因为,更多的时候,诉说毫无意义。
伤心也好,开心也好
,过去了,都是曾经。每个人都要追寻活下去的理由,心怀美好,期待美好,这个世界,就没有那么糟糕。
或许,你也会有这样的情节,两个人坐在一起,杂乱无章的聊天,突然你感到无聊,你渴望安静,你
想一个人咀嚼内心的悲与喜。
透过窗格,发着呆,走着神,搜索不到要附和的词。那一刻,你明白
了,这世间不缺一起品茗的人,缺的是一个与你同步的灵魂。
没有了期望的懂,还是把故事留给自
己吧!每个人都是一座孤岛,颠沛流离,浪迹天涯。有时候,你以为找到了知己,其实,你们根本就是两个世界的
人。
花,只有在凋零的时候,才懂得永恒就是在落红中重生;人,只有在落魄的时候,才明白力量
就是在破土中崛起?.
因为防备,因为经历,我们学会了掩饰,掩饰自己内心的某些真实,也在真
实中,扬起无懈可击的微笑,解决一个又一个的困扰。
人生最容易犯的一个错误,就是把逝去的当
作最美的风景。所以,不要活在虚妄的世界,不要对曾经存在假设,不要指望别人太多。
有些情,只可随缘,不可勉强;有些人,只可浅交,不可入深;有些话,只可会意,不可说穿。
或许,有这么一段情,陪你度过漫长冰冷的寒冬;有那样一个人,给你抑郁的天空画上了温暖的春阳。
但时光,总会吹散很多往事,把过去一片片分割,移植到不同区域,并贴上标签,印着不同的定义,也定义着自己
的人生态度。
正如庄子所说:“唯至人乃能游于世不避,顺人而不失己。”外在的世界,只是一个
形式,而你内在的世界,才是真正的江山。
丰富自己,取悦自己,随缘,随顺,随境,你的心才会
敞开,才会接纳更多的有可能。这样的人生,眼睛里的笑意,尽是踏实与真味。
年少时,那些说给
蓝天白云的梦想,早已遗忘在风中,再也飞不到岁月的枝头。褪去稚气与懵懂,我更喜欢现在的自己,心里撑着宽
阔,却不动声色。
即便,一份静谧的从容是多么的难,但我依旧期待。我相信,人生还会很长,还会一
直邂逅,但最美的,必是那个明天的自己。
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