倒鸭子2-往的成语
状语从句
一、定义:状语在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等。状语是用来
说明谓语动作发生的时间、
地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步、伴随等。
当状语由一个句子来充当时,这个主从复合句就是状语从句。
I get up
at 7 o’clock.(时间状语)
I get up when it is 7
o’clock.(时间状语从句)
He plays football at
school.(地点状语)
He plays football where he
studies(地点状语从句)
She was happy to hear the
news.(原因状语)
She was happy because she heard
the news.(原因状语从句)
They get up early to
catch up the bus.(目的状语)
They get up early so
that they can catch up the bus.(目的状语从句)
He is too young to go to school.(结果状语)
He
is so yong that he can’t go to school.(结果状语从句)
.
.
.
常见的状语从句:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地
点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语
从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从
句。
时间状语从句
时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则
常用引导词 when, as ,while, before, after, till,
until, as soon as, the moment, the
minute, the
first time…. (名词性短语)
在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,可分类
一、表示同时性,即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。常见引导词:
when(当...时),while(当...时),as(当...时), as soon
as(一...就), once(一
旦...)等
1、Strike
while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁
2、AsWhen I
came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.
当我回家的时候,我遇见了一个老同学。
3、Once you see
him, you will never forget him.
一旦你见到他,你就不会忘记。
4. I will call you as
soon as I get home.
我一到家就给你打电话
when,while,as区别
引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词(瞬间性动词)
(1)When she came in,I stopped eating.
当她进来的时候,我停止了吃饭(came瞬间性动词)
(2)When I
lived in the city ,I used to go to school by bus.
当我居住在这座城市的时候,我过去常常走路去上学(lived延续性动词)
引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续的,并强调主句和从句两个动作同时发生,多用于
过去进行时
(1)While my wife was watching TV,I was
reading the newspaper.
当我妻子在看电视的时候,我在读报纸
(watching延续性动词,主从句都是过去进行时)
(2)She was
reading while I was singing.
当我在唱歌时,她在读书
(reading延续性动词,主从句都是过去进行时)
3. as 表示一边
...一边...,引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性的,一般用于主句和从句动作
同时发生,as也可表
示一先一后
(1)We always sing as we
walk.(两个动作同时发生)
我们总是边走边唱。
(2)As we
were going out,it began to snow.(两个动作一先一后)
当我们出门时,开始下雪了
(3)I saw her as I was
shopping(两个动作同时发生)
当我购物时,我看到了她
二
、表示先、或者后,即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。常见的引导词:after(在...
之
后),before(在...之前)
1. After the children
had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
在孩子们睡觉之后,她开始准备她的课了。
(从句的动作发生在主句之前,所以从句用了过去完成时)
2. He had
learned English for three years before he went to
London.
在他去伦敦之前,他已经学了三年的英语了。
(主句的动作发生在从句之前,所以主句用了过去完成时)
3. He ran
off before I could stop him.
在我能阻止他之前他跑掉了。
(主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生,时态一致)
三、表示持续性或瞬间性。常见引导词:since(自从),ever since
(自从),until (直到……
才), till(直到……才)
has
studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来到这个学校他就学习很努力
(主句中studied
延续性的动作,从句中came瞬间性动作)
2.I have known him
ever since he was a child.
自从他是个小孩的时候我就认识他了。
(主句中known 延续性的动作,从句中was瞬间性动作)
watched TV untilltill his mother came back.
他看电视直到他的妈妈回来。
(主句中watched
延续性的动作,从句中came瞬间性动作)
till和until区别
1.一般情况下两者可以互换,但在强调句型中多用until。
不可以用于句首,until可用于句首
3.用于肯定句中主句的动词只能是延续性的动词,
用于否定句中,主句的动词可以是延续性
动词也可以是非延续性动词
S
ince引导的时间抓状语从句的谓语动词,可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的。一般情况
下从句谓语
动词是一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。
但是在it is
+时间+since从句的句型中,从句用一般过去时.此时从句中的动词分两种情
况
(1)It is +时间+since+非延续性动词,译为:自从从句动作发生以来已经多长时间了
(2)It is +时间+since+延续性动词,译为:自从从句动作结束已经多长时间了
Eg:
It is 4 years
since I came here
我来这已经四年了(came非延续性动词)
It is 4 years since I lived here
我不在这住已经4年了(lived延续性动词)
原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词:because(因为),as(由于),since(既然)now
that(既然),
for(因为,引导的是并列句)
1.
because表示直接的原因。语气最强
Why提问的句子必须用because回答
because的从句通常放在主句之后
because不能和so连用
because+从句。because of+名词短语
I went to
school late because I got up late.
我上学迟到了是因为我起床晚了。
Why didn’t he come
here?Because he was ill.
他为什么没来,因为他生病了
2. as“因为”,语气较弱,一般放在主句前,中间用逗号隔开,表示的是明显的原因
As he was not well,I decided to go there
alone.
因为他身体不好,我决定独自去那
As it was
raining hard,we had to stay at home.
因为雨下的很大,我们不得不待在家
3、since now
that“既然”,一般放在主句前,中间用逗号隔开,表示的是明显的原因
或众所周知的事实
Since Now that you feel ill, you'd better
not go to work.
既然你觉得不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。
SinceNow that this way doesn’t work,let’s try
another.
既然这种方式行不通,那咱们就尝试另一种。
的用法:for
是并列连词,引出的原因较间接,似乎是事后所想到的补充解释的理由,
只陈述一般推断的理由,不一定
表示产生结果的必然原因。只能放在主句之后,不能放在句
首,常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句
补充说明理由或推断原因。
It rained last
night, for the ground is wet.
昨天晚上下雨了,因为地是湿的。
She must have gone out early, for she had
not come for breakfast.
她一定出去的很早,因为她没来吃早饭。
目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连接词有:so that(以便),in order that(为了),in
case(以防)。
从句中常常使用一些情态动词can,could,may,might,shou
ld,will,would
1. He got up early so that he
can catch up with the bus.
=He got up early to
catch up the bus.
他早起以便能赶上公交车。
2. He
was working hard in order that he can pass the
examination.
=He was working hard to pass the
examination.
他努力学习是为了能通过考试。
3. You
need go home in case your family need you.
你应该回家以防你的家人需要你。
结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连接词:so...that(如此...以至于),such...that(如
此...以至于)
So+形容词副词+that+从句
Such+形容词+名词+that+从句
So+形容词+aan+可数名词单数+that+从句
1. He runs
so fast that nobody can catch up with him.
他跑的如此的快以至于没人能够追上他。
2. He is so young
that he can’t go to school.
=He is such a
young boy that he can’t go to school.
=He is
so young a boy that he can’t go to school.
他太小了以至于不能去上学
但是如果名词前有manymuchlittlefew修饰时,要用so不能用such
He has so much homework that
he can’t watch TV.
他有如此多的作业,以至于他没时间看电视
He has so few friends that he often feels
lonely.
他的朋友是如此的少,以至于他经常感到很孤独
条件转语从句
引导条件状语从句的连接词:if(如果),unless(除非),as long
as(只要)。条件状
语从句要:主将从现,主情从现,主祈从现。
1. If
it doesn’t rain tomorrow ,we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足
(主将从现)
2. If you
work harder,you can get higher grades.
如果你更加努力学习,你就能获得更高的分数。
(主情从现)
3.
Don’t come out unless it’s clear.
除非天气晴朗了,不要出来
(主祈从现)
4. I will call you as long as
I get there.
只要我到那了,就给你打电话
(主将从现)
比较状语从句
比较状语从句的连接词:than(比),as...as(与...一样),详见形容词比较级
让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连接词:although,though,while,as,even
if,even
though,whether...or,no
matter+疑问词,疑问词+ever。一般翻译为:尽管...,即使...,
无论...
和although表示虽然,尽管,在一般情况下可以互换,在口语中,though比较
常
用,although比though正式,二者都可以和yet,still连用,但是不能和bu
t连用。
AlthougThough he was tired,he kept
on working.
尽管他很累,但是他仍然继续工作
1.
as引导的让步状语从句要部分倒装,被倒装的部分可以是表语,状语或动词原形
Child as he is ,he is very brave.
尽管是个孩子,他仍然很勇敢。
Hard as he worked,he
didn’t suceed.
尽管他努力了,但是还是没有成功。
2. even ifeven though表示即使,纵使,含有假设含义,两者通常可以互换
We will go hiking even ifthough the
weather is bad.
尽管天气不好,我们仍然要去远足
3. whether...or 无论是否,不管是...还是...由这一个复合连词引导的让步状
语从句旨在
说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果
You
have to finish you homework whether you are free
or busy.
不管你忙不忙,你都必须完成作业。
Whether you
believe it or not,it’s true.
不管你信不信,它都是真的。
4. “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-
ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”
它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换
No matter what happened,he would not mind.
=Whatever happened ,he would not mind.
无论发生什么他都不不在意
No matter who you are
,you must follow the rules.
=Whoever you are
,you must follow the rules.
无论你是谁,都必须遵守规则
地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连接词:where,wherever
should
camp where we can get water.
我们应该在能找到水的地方露营
can go wherever you like.
你可以去你想去的任何地方。
注意wher
e也可以引导定语从句。Where引导的状语从句和定语从句区别就看前面有没有先
行词。
back where you come from.
你从哪来回哪儿去
(where引导的地点状语从句)
back to the village
where you come from.
回到你来的那个村子里
(where引导的定语从句,其前面有先行词village)