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since引导的状语从句的用法讲解
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是
终止性的过去时,则从句表
示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如: He has
studied very
hard since he came to our
school.自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非
常努力。 We have been
missing them since they left
here自从他
们离开这里,我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法,此处
不再多述。 二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或
表示状态的动词的过去时时,则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状
态结束时算起”。如:
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep
为持续性动词,sleep的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,这句应译为“我
醒后还未听到任何声音”。
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持
续性动词的现在完成时,则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说
话时刻),
其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如: I haven’t heard
from him since he has lived there。 这里has lived
表示动作的持续
性,时间的起点应从:“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从
他(开始
)住在那儿起,我就一直没收到他的来信”。 至于It is
+一
段时间+since…的句型与It has been
+一段时间+since…意思相同。
前者是规范说法,后者是口语说法。 应注意的是,在这种结构中
,since
引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义,下面两句都
错了:
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two
months since you didn’t come to see
me. 正确的说法为: It’s a
long time since he studied
English 他好久没学英语了。 You
haven’t come to
see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我
了。 since的用法
1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、
日期、钟点、1980, last
month, half past six)。 I have been here
since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been
here since
five months ago. 3) since +从句
Great changes have taken
place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we
have
been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two
years
since I became a postgraduate student. s
ince的用法主要有两点:
一是表示“自从……以来”,二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义,而不了解其用法,在使用时就会造成错误。例如:I have not
heard
from him since I lived in Shanghai. 不少人会望文生义,将该
句译为:“自从我住在上海以来,就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际
上这个句子的译文并非如此,那
么正确的含义是什么呢? 下面谈谈
since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。 一、若since引
导的状语从句
的谓语动词是终止性的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那
一时刻起”
。如: He has studied very hard since he came to our
school.自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力。 We have been
missing them since they left
here自从他们离开这里,我们就一直很
想念他们。 这是最常见的一种用法,此处不再多述。 二、
若since引
导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时,
则从句表
示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如: I haven’
t heard any
noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词,sleep的动作
<
br>结束时,即“醒来”时,这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。 John
is now
with his parents in New York, it is already three
years since
he was a
teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约,他不当教师已经三年
了。 本文开始出现的那个句子就可
以译为“自从我离开上海,就再也
没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用,我们不妨再多举几个例子
看看: How long is it since you lived in
Shanghai?你离开(没住在)
上海多久了? It is half a month
since he was a League member.
他退团(不当团员)半个月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was
last in
London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。 比较:He has written to
me
frequently since I was
ill.自从我病愈以来,他屡次给我写信。(从
句谓语为状态动词) He has written
to me frequently since I fell
ill.
自从我生病以来,他就屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为终止性动词) 三、
若since
引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时,则表示动
作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻),其表示
的时间的起点应从动作发生
之时算起。如: I haven’t heard from him
since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性,
时间的起点应从:“开始居住”时
算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他(开始)住在那儿起,我就一直没收
到他的来信”。 Since we have owned a car, we have
gone camping
every year。自从我们自己有了汽车,我们每年都去野营。
试比较:
1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have
had three headmasters.
自从我到这所学校,我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this
school, they have had
three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校,他
们已换了三个校长了。
has never been to see me since I have
been
ill. 自从我生病以来,他从未来看过我。 He has never been to
see
me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来,他从未来看过我。 由此可见,
sinc
e引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰
好相反。换言之,前者以肯定的语法形
式反映着否定的逻辑内容,而后
者的形式与内容是一致的。 至于It is
+一段时间+since…的句型与It
has been
+一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法,后者是口
语说法。 应注意的是,在这种结构中
,since引导的从句绝对不能用否
定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义,下面两句都错了: It is
a long time
since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’
t come to see
me. 正确的说法为: It’s a long time since he
studied
English 他好久没学英语了。 You haven’t come to see me
for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。
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