TPO Q3-6 口语参考答案

TPO 3
Q3
In the conversation, the woman cast doubt on the proposal made by Dining Service. She thought
that Dining Service had totally ignored the student‘s demanding and interests.
It is very presumptuous to judge healthy food depending on whether they are warm or cold.
Especially, in the cold morning, warm food can help to ease your downhearted feeling.
The second reason is that students have to seek expensive off-campus services for warm-food. It
will cost them an arm and a leg. They will find warm food is no longer affordable soon or later.

Q5
In the conversation, the woman faces the problem that she has a time confliction between award
ceremony and biology exam. The solution is that she can choose to take exam or replace it with a
5-page paper in order to attend this ceremony.
In my opinion, I prefer the latter one. Because invited to an award ceremony seems to be real
honest, especially to a student. The experience of accepting this award far outweighs the trouble of
writing 5-page paper. Nobody should miss this precious moment of standing the stage and
receiving this award from the institute. On the other hand, my parents can witness my
achievement in person and share my joy at this ceremony.

Q4
Cognitive dissonance is a difference between what the people are and how they behave, and what
they think they should be and how they think they should behave, which causes, which causes a
sense of discomfort in the people affected by it. The example discussed by the professor explains it
in a negative way because he says that being so obssessed by playing video games. And since this
was causing him to fail his chemistry exam he told himself that chemistry exam was not so
important for his career. So he changed his perception of things and the things in the most
favorable and easiest way for him and so eliminated the conflict.

This is a high level response. The speaker fufills all the demands of the task. The topic, cognitive
dissonance, is coherently and effectively explained, and is illustrated with information from both
the reading and the lecture. The speaker displays very good control of vocabulary and
grammatical structures. His word choice is effective and often he uses language of his own to
present the information he has heard. Largely because of the accuracy of the information, and the
precision with which it is expressed, the overall impression that this response gives is one of
fluency, despite the occasional pauses and hesitations. The influence of the speaker's first language
on pronunciation is apparent but does not affect the intelligibility of the response.

Q6
Narrator
Social Interaction
People deal with each other every day. This interaction is at the heart of social life. The study of
social interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one another's behavior. People
take each other into account in their daily behavior and in fact, the very presence of others can
affect behavior. For example, one principle of social interaction, audience effects, suggests that
individuals' work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others, that the presence of
others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity.

Question
Explain how the examples of tying shoes and learning to type demonstrate the principle of
audience effects.
Important points（答题要点）
The principle of audience effects suggests that when people are aware of being observed, their
behavior changes. Specifically, in the two studies described, people worked faster when they were
aware of being observed. In one study, two groups were told to put on shoes that tied. One group
was told it would be observed and the other was not. The group that knew it was being observed
tied shoes much faster than the other group. In learning to type, those being observed type faster,
but they also make more mistakes than those not aware of being observed.
Rating annotation (ETS考官点评）
The speaker speaks clearly. She identifies the concept of audience effects and the two examples
from the listening. She organizes her response in a logical way that leads the listener from one
sentence to the next. She supports her response with accurate details and demonstrates a
sophisticated level of both grammatical structures and vocabulary. This is evident in the way she
smoothly transitions from one idea to the next and the efficient use of language to accurately
summarize the examples from the listening. There are only very minor errors in language use, but
they do not prevent her response from being understood.

TPO 4
Q3
From the conversation, the man cast doubt on the university proposal that computer department
want to add evening class to meet demand.
The first reason is that most of students have full schedule in the night and they are too busy to
take night computer class. So it won‘t solve the problem of overcrowded in daytime.
The second reason is that university will even spend more money on the cost of hiring new
teachers and extension of the academic building opening hours. A better and cost- effective solution
is to purchase new computers which now are more affordable and computer classroom has plenty
of space to hold these new computers.

Q4
In the lecture, the professor offered us two examples to illustrate the relationship between verbal
and nonverbal communication.
The first example is that his uncle Pete gave him surprise visit. He produced unconsciously a very
rich facial and body expression: his eyes got wide, broke into a huge big smile, jumped up and
down. His nonverbal signals even represent more information to convey how happy he was to
meet with Uncle Pete.
The second example is his thumb was hurt by a hammer when he taught her daughter to use a
hammer and nail. Even he kept to say he doesn‘t matter with this accident, but his body and face
language – shaking his hand, contorted face, trembling voice – those nonverbal communication
betray him to tell his daughter the truth: he was really painful.

Q5
In the conversation, the man faced the problem that he could not find his psychology classroom
without carrying his class schedule. He has two solutions to solve this problem. The first one is
that he can check the room number in the student center‘s computer. The second one is that he
can confirm directly from professors in Smith Hall where his classroom is.

In my opinion, I prefer the latter one. Firstly, I didn‘t have enough time to waste on the checking
the computer in the student center. If I go there, I will face the risk of being late for the class.
Moreover, catch my psychology class on time is the most important thing and professor will
forgive me and will not blame me for this small fault.

Q6
In the lecture, professor introduced us to the effect and function of visual elements, including color,
texture, shape, lines and so on. Combined with these elements together can exert tremendous
influence on the viewers‘ mind.
The first example is that different colors can be employed in different way to express various
meanings. The color red symbolizes the strong emotions like extreme joy or anger. By contrast,
the color blue can provide a calming effect on viewers.
The second example is that various textures can bring viewers with a variety of feelings. A rough
texture can evoke tough and powerful emotions. By contrast, a smooth texture tends to show a
feeling of calming.
In fact, artists often unite those factors, like mixing two strong expressive elements, to enhance the
effect of act works.


TPO5
Q3
From the conversation, the man totally agreed with the university plan of holding campus dining
club for a week.
The first reason is that club can offer culinary art students with a good opportunity to learn how
to prepare meals under pressure, not just in the classroom. It is a great way to get an inside
glimpse of culinary career. Let them develop related work experience and apply classroom
learning.
The second reason is that extra cost can be paid for club‘s profits. Club can provide wonderful
meals for customers in a more affordable way. Those meals‘ flavor is no less than that offered in
the restaurant. So people will be willing to pay a little addition fee to enjoy those delicious meals.

Q4
Nowadays, advertisers can send product information directly to those specific customers by means
of employing targeting market skill. Even they are the same products. In the lecture, professor
offered a sale project of cell phone as example.
Firstly, company aim at young man market. This kind of commercial will emphasize the funny
feature of cell phone to appeal to those youngsters. They will highlight its bright colors and other
special function which seems to especially design for young people. It will broadcast in those pop
music or teen serials.
To the business world, AD will introduce those functions of commerce to those merchants. For
example, the cell phone can handle business affairs efficiently and even reduce the cost of business.
It will be showed in the business programs.

Q5
From the conversation, the woman faced the problem that she cannot take part in the concert
because of her wrist sprain. She has two choices to choose. First solution is that she can struggle to
play violin by herself. Another one is to replace her violin position with other violinist like Jim.

In my opinion, I will choose the later one. The main reason is I have already been out of practice
for a period of time. What‘s more, I do not have enough time to recover my wrist at all. So I may
not do my best for the concert and will disappoint my partners for my imperfect performance.
That‘s what I don‘t want to expect. My substitute seems to be an unreliable person. But he is a
perfect violinist and I am sure that he can adapt to his role in a short time.

Q6
From the lecture, professor introduced us two types of motivation which exert tremendous
influence on our action.
The first one is extrinsic type. That type of motivation is stimulated by external factor. For
example, a child will do some housework for a reward. However, if the parents stop giving her
money, the child will not do the housework continually. In this case, the reward of money is the
external motivation. At such times, people cannot persist to do something by chance that the
external factors disappeared.
The second one is intrinsic type. The motivation stems from our happiness or achievement. The
professor offer herself as an example. She will do the exercise in the gym in order to keep her
health. That kind of motivation can encourage people to do something for a long time.

TPO 5
Task 3
Campus Dinning Club Announced
Starring this year, the university dinning hall will be transformed into the Campus Dinning Club
at the end of every semester. During the last week of each semester, the dining hall will feature
special meals prepared by the university?s culinary arts students. The school believes that will give
students who are studying cooking and food preparation a valuable experience that will help the
later, when they pursue careers. The school has announced that it will charge a small additional
fee for these dinners in order to pay for the special gourmet food ingredient that will be required.

Task 4
Target Marketing
Advertisers in the past have used radio and television in an attempt to provide information about
their products to large general audiences; it was once thought the best way to sell a product was to
advertise it to as many people as possible, however, more recent trends in advertising have turned
towards target marketing. Target marketing is a strategy of advertising to smaller, very specific
audiences-audiences that have been determined to have the greatest need or desire of the product
being marketed. Target marketing has proved to be very effective in reacting potential customers.

TPO 6
Q3
From the conversation, the woman refute the Tim‘s proposal that history department should
reduce three-hour seminar to two-hour.
The first reason is that the unreasonable schedule arrangement by Tim mentioned is, in fact, just
his own problem. Tim always stays up late party so that he cannot prepare and rest well. Not all of
the students have such problem with concentrating in the seminar.
The second reason is that everyone enjoys the seminar especially at the last hour. They can
exchange important ideas with each other and then get involved with the seminars, not just an

audience. Actually it‘s the most useful part of seminar for the students to communicate together.
So they will gain a lot of benefits from three-hour seminars.

Q4
From the lecture, the professor gave us the car advertisement to explain the concept about implicit
memory.
In this example, a lot of people drive by the billboard on which painted a big picture of a car‘s
name ―panther‖ in the highway. When those drivers are asked directly about the car‘s name
showed in the billboard, they cannot recall anything about this ad and the car‘s name. However,
their first impression is the car‘s name ?panther‘ when they are asked about what animals starting
with the letter ?P‘.
From this experiment, people may not remember what contents on the road-side billboard, but
they will still display reactions showed that they already notice them. That‘s the implicit memory.

Q5
From the conversation, the woman faced the problem that their team doesn‘t perform effectively
on the field of study. The professor offered her two solutions. One is to arrange another time to
study together. Another choice is to choose a leader to manage her study team.
In my opinion, I prefer the latter one. First of all, not all of people have free time to get together
and that‘s the purpose why we set up a team. Moreover, choose a leader to organize the team can
bring many benefits. For example, he can set a goal and draft a study schedule in advance. He can
supervise other members to finish their assignments on time and make them focus on the problem
together. Therefore a responsible leader can ensure the whole study team to perform effectively.

Q6
In the lecture, the professor took a biology class as an example to illustrate two types of attention.
The first type of attention is active one. In this situation, students‘ concentration will not last a
long time before they get distracted. In fact, students are not interested in your lecture at all, they
will just oblige them to pay attention on your lecture. For example, you just introduce some frog‘s
common knowledge to students. They may persist to focus on your class for a while.
Another type is passive attention. It does not require students force their attention on your lecture.
It‘s involuntary and unconscious. Try to use some amazing and engaging skills to arouse their
appetite. For instance, in a biology class, you bring a live frog to help your students study its
characteristics. Their attention will be naturally attracted by this frog and stick it for a long time.

TPO7
Q3
From the conversation, the woman cast doubts on the university proposal that sculpture courses
should be eliminated due to a lack of student interest.
The first reason the woman offer is that art students did not get enough time to take some classes
which they are interested in. Because too many required classes have already fulfilled with their
course schedule. They have few choices to arrange other subjects in. University should set flexible
requirements to attract more art students to take optional classes.
The second reason is that lack of budgets to hire full-time professors can be solved by following
ways: University can hire part- time professors to teach students sculpture courses or employ other
professors who have secondary fields of sculpture.

Q4
From the lecture, we can learn that children will change their behavior according to the teachers‘
attitude. That process is called the behavior modification.
The unpleasant consequence will discourage further repetition of the behavior. For example,
children violate the rules about proper behavior for a classroom. Such as they interrupt the class
and walk around the classroom and so on. Then teacher get angry with them and punish for their
misbehavior.
From that way, children will take a lesson about how to behavior at class. They will gradually
modify their behavior through the way that observing the teacher‘s attitude. Then they will be
received some little reward from their teachers when they act as well-behaved boys or girls. That
pleasant consequence will encourage them to comply with disciplines of the class.

Q5
From the conversation, the woman faced the problem that she cannot finish her paper on time due
to the breakdown of her computer. She has two solutions to solve this problem. The first one is
that she can go to computer lab to finish her paper. The second one is that she can urge the repair
shop to fix her computer at the beginning of next week.
In my opinion, I will choose the latter one. The reason is that the computer lab is usually crowded
with people. The noise in the lab will interrupt my thoughts and distract my attention so that I
cannot devote my attention on my paper in a perfect condition. Moreover, I‘m very familiar with
my computer‘s operation. So it is inconvenient that I have to change my custom if I use the lab
computer.

Q6
From the lecture, the professor introduced two major factors of product quality which usually
determine the customers‘ decision when they choose the same quality of products.
The first factor is reliability which means you can use your products without needing repairing in
the period of guarantee. Take car as example, you will not expect to fix your car frequently. People
are not willing to get into those troubles after buying product. This factor used to determine
people‘s image of product quality.
The second factor is product‘s feature. Because of the development of high technology, we don‘t
need to worry about the product reliability too much. That phenomenon means that reliability no
longer play a key role in the customers‘ mind when products have similar reliability. Instead, the
products feature becomes the key factor to appeal to the customers.
TPO8
Q3
From the conversation, the man cast doubts on university proposal that broadcasting classic music
during mealtimes will promote a relaxed atmosphere in the cafeteria.
The first reason the man offer is that most of students prefer studying and finishing their
assignments in the cafeteria during the mealtimes. Especially they usually seek a peaceful place
during the period of exam. The classic music will interrupt their thoughts and distract their
attention from their books.
The second reason is that classic music is not students‘ favorite music type. Now students are not
totally interested in it. What‘s more, they will just put the mp3 player on their ears to block out
the sound.

Q4

From the lecture, professor gave us two examples to explain how animals employed the strategy of
revealing coloration.
The first example is peanut bugs will suddenly expose their bright colorful spots which is hided in
the back wings when they are attacked. This action will make predators confuse and stun them in
a while. Then peanut bugs will take advantage of this precious period to escape.
The second example is that Morpho butterflies flap their shiny parts of wings to reflect the sun
light in order to run away from the predators like birds. The flash will interfere with bird‘s sight
so that they cannot pursue and catch this kind of butterflies.

Q5
From the conversation, the man faced the problem that his course schedule conflict with each
other. There are two solutions he can adopt it. One solution is that Shakespeare professor have
allowed him to do an independent study to gain the credit. Another solution is that he can take the
class in other university an half and an hour away.
In my opinion, I will choose the former one. The reason is that I don‘t want to waste my time on
the long commute. If it‘s rainy or foggy, it will make me a lot of trouble to go there and even later.
Moreover, I may not have enough time when I‘m busy. It is a wise choice that doing the
independent study with my professor. I can cherish this opportunity to get more details from the
professor.

Q6
From the lecture, the professor offered two strategies to determine initial price of your new
products and occupy the share of market effectively.
The first one is often used in the high-tech products. You can make a high price in your early
stages of product life cycle. Then you can lower the price of your following products. That strategy
is able to establish your products‘ high-quality image in the consumers‘ mind. Moreover, you can
make very high profits from this strategy.
The second one is employed when you try to gain market share from you opponents in a saturated
market. You can undercut your competitors‘ products and offer a more affordable low price than
theirs. This approach can appeal to more potential customers to purchase your products. You can
also make profits from accessories with your low price of products.


TPO 9
Q3
From the conversation, the woman took issue with the new university requirement that will help
students gain lots of benefits from internship‘s work experience.
The first reason is that company will not assign general affairs to students. Internship contents are
usually to arrange them to do some basic tasks like typing or filing something that unrelated with
their major. Therefore, they cannot learn anything about practical experience like leadership or
organizational skills.
The second reason is that so many other university business students in this area have already
participated into the similar project as one of requirement. So competition will be very fierce
among those interns because company may not provide enough positions to all these students.

Q4
The establishing shot is a skill that film directors provide an image briefly at the beginning of the

movie in order to supply information about its background. Let audiences easily understand how
the whole story developed.
In the lecture, professor offer us his first impression about one of great movie. Prior to directly
show us the whole story, it introduces all the background information of city with a kind of
old- fashioned and gloomy style and mysterious atmosphere. That hints us when and where this
story will take place. That mode of camera shot supplied the foundation of mysterious story‘s
theme.

Q5
From the conversation, the woman faced the problem that she has to find a new room because her
house has cut off the water supply. One solution is that she can just live with her friends in their
living room. Or she can choose to rent a room in a small hotel.
In my opinion, I prefer choosing the latter one. Because I need to prepare my mid-term exams, a
quiet place is indispensable for me to focus on my study. Also it‘s too crowded to live with my
friends. I cannot image that an apartment can accommodate up to five people. Loud conversation
will invade my thoughts and interrupt the pleasure of reading book. Under this condition, I may
not have any privacy at that place and the noise will distract my attention.

Q6
The professor offered us two examples to show how plants evolve some unique defense systems
against insects.
Some planets will use physical features to protect themselves. The first example is that passion
plant‘s leaves grow a lot of little spiky hairs on it that can protect against insects to land on their
leaves and eat them. This feature enable the plants avoid to be eaten.
Others evolve some kind of chemical defenses to cope with insect‘s attack. The example the
professor given is that potato plant can release a kind of chemical throughout its leaf system when
insects eat and swallow it into their digest system, this kind of chemical substance will spoil their
appetite and let them stop to eat.

TPO 10
Q3
From the conversation, the lady took issue with the proposal that student artwork should be
displayed the lobby at the entrance to the student center.
The first reason is that the student center is too busy and crowded to hold an exhibition. It is not a
wise choice to appreciate pictures in the hustle and bustle‘s atmosphere. The crowd will distract
your attention and interfere with your thoughts and the pleasure of enjoying those paintings.
The second reason is that artworks should be display in an ideal room by offering the controlled
and consistent light like electric light bulbs. Because of uncertain weather, sunlight will make
much trouble with room‘s illuminating effect.

Q4
The first example is that when the professor was a kid, many children were obsessed with the
Action Hero program in the TV show. So they can‘t help having a desire to own an Action Hero
figure. That phenomenon shows how the practice of entertainment merchandising takes effect on
the market. In this case, TV show creates the band or image to stimulate the demand of toy.
Another example is that his daughter has a doll and like it very much. So she will enjoy the TV
program adopted her doll as a main character. It‘s natural that this TV program becomes popular

with those girls who own this kind of doll. That instance tells us that market strategy can use
already- popular object to attract those potential customers‘ attention.

Q5
The woman faces the problem that she cannot finish her history paper on time due to power
failure. The man offers her with two solutions. One is she can drive to the library and it just cost
r is she can ask professor postpone the deadline of paper.
In my opinion, I will choose the former one. Because power failure is not a good excuse as deliver
the homework late. Maybe professor will not forgive me this fault and give me a bad impression. It
is not big trouble to take 20-minute drive on the road. Moreover, I want to finish my paper on time.
So it will not disrupt other arrangement on my schedule.

Q6
The main reason is that if baby have not empathy or feel concern for others, they will just directly
react to all the depressed noise like cry.
In the first part of experiment, we can find that baby will cry when he hear the sound of other
babies crying from a tape. It‘s nature. But, it‘s surprise to us that, at the next part, he wasn‘t upset
by the sound of his own crying. Therefore, that evidence proved that baby can distinguish his own
crying from others. The depressed noise is not immediate cause to trigger baby to cry. We can
assume that the baby could feel other‘s feeling which mean he may have the ability of empathy.
They can feel and understand other babies‘ emotion. This is the reason that make them cry.


TPO 11
Q3
From the conversation, the woman rebutted the notion that Housing Renovations will encourage
more students to live in the campus.
The main reason is that a lot of noise made by renovation will interfere with students‘ study life.
Even more students who live in the campus decide to leave there. So they don‘t have to tolerate the
noise and enjoy a peaceful life.
Second reason is that the cost of housing renovation need increasing fee to balance it. That mean
living in the campus will require students to spend more money on the dorm‘s fee. The raising fee
will just make more students choose to pay less money on an apartment.

Q4
The main reason why H.D. was called an outside artist is that he did not receive any formal art
education and study from other artists. And he also invented a very unique way to painting his
picture. His unique style was represented in the one of his water color painting that he manage to
pasted children‘s figure from newspapers and magazines instead of painting those images. You can
recognize his paintings from others traditional painting at once.

Other outside artist‘s feature about him is his painting display more complicated details than
others‘ and its size is way longer than ordinary size.

Q5
The man missed the opportunity of applying a dorm room for summer. So he has 2 choices. One
choice is that he can live with his parents. Or he can rent an apartment off campus.

In my opinion, I will choose latter one. The main reason is that I don‘t want to waste my time on
tolerating the long commute. It‘s about 2 hours! If my car bread down just in case, I will have a
big trouble with catching professor‘s class. Also I can spend more time on summer research and
sleeping. Comparing with these benefits, apartment‘s fee is not a big deal.

Q6
From the lecture, the professor offered us the concept of interior design about relationship with
unity and contrast. They have close association with each other. The first principle is the how to
use unity. This effect can leave resident with an impression of order and comfort. We can use the
similar elements like matching color to decorate and harmonize room‘s atmosphere.
But too much unity will bring the feeling of boring. To avoid these problems, you need use second
principle: a little of contrast. Like contrast color can make things look like more outstanding and
highlight the room‘s feature. Make it be more dynamic and vivid. But we should care about key
point that too much contrast will counteract or even disrupt the room‘s whole effect.

TPO 12
Q3
The first reason the woman given is that the proposal for expansion of college radio station will
bring about college students‘ attention and attract them to compile more interesting radio
programs that interact with people from town. These changes can also allow students to gain
much precious practical experience of making radio programs. That chance will be able to polish
their resumes and even supply an extra advantage especially when they hunt jobs.
In addition, the woman offers a successful example of her friend, Tony. He acquires a lot of money
from the commercials. Those profits also endow him to offer more scholarships and help fund
other projects to improve facilities.

Q4
Subliminal perception is the phenomenon that your perception will be manipulated by some
neglected factors without consciousness. (Including your thoughts and attitude)
In the lecture, the professor shows an experiment to identify this phenomenon. When two groups
of people were offered to watch TV, the video will be inserted a picture of a boy with cake in less
than a second. The slightly different version of the picture is the boy‘s emotion to cake, one is
positive image: happy. Another is negative one: angry. Then let them make a judgment on the
boy‘s personality, according to the third picture of a boy with normal emotion. Nobody realize
that they have already seen this boy. As a result, those negative or positive answers do match the
picture supplied to them.

Q5
The woman was invited to accept an award from journalism, but she run into a problem that
schedule of philosophy exam will close at the threshold of ceremony. She may not have enough
time to catch it. The man offered her two solutions. One is she can just finish the exam then rush
to the ceremony during the long introduction. Another solution is she can reschedule the time of
exam.
In my opinion, I will choose the latter one. Because I cannot ensure that I can just catch the
ceremony and it‘s impolite for audience to arrive late. Also I want to enjoy the whole course of
ceremony. And if I can spend more time on reviewing my philosophy book instead, it‘s not a big
problem for me to get a better score

Q6
The professor tells us about relationship about products in some special condition. One kind of
condition takes place in the demand of substitute products. In this example, like butter and
margarine, they can replace with each other. So people will choose a more affordable product
according to their price. One products‘ demand is raised will suppress others‘.
Another product like CD and CD players call compliment products. They are designed to be
compatible with other. So their relationships about price about demand will be linked with
together. If increase the price of CD, that will lead to decrease both demanding of products.

TPO 13
Q3
In the conversation, the woman took issue with the proposal made by the university official and
didn't think that top students would just be satisfiedattracted by building a new athletic stadium.
In her opinion, university should put a premium on infrastructure like investing those money in
updating the old, out-of-date lab equipments, buy more books for the library, enlarge the small
student center.

On the other hand, people from the town will not come just for watching the new stadium with
more seats. What they actually like is to enjoyappreciate a splendid game performed by the
university team. However, the team hardly won a game before. So the plan will not help to
improve the relationship between university and town.

Q4
Perceptual constancy mean that we will not change( alter, transform) our percept of the same
object even from a different view or distance.
The professor first give us an everyday example- a plate, an ordinary object you can find in the
kitchen, is in the shape of circle. When you change the view of plate to a horizontal position, its
shape will be looked like an oval. But you will not change your perception about plate's
attribution.
Other example the professor given is himself. Wherever the row you sit in the classroom, up close
or far away, look bigger or smaller, your perception will stay the same. You will not just simply
change your mind about the professor from various angles.

Q5
From the conversation, the man ran into the problem that he cannot carry club members to the
museum tomorrow due to the breakdown of his mother‘s van. So the woman gave him 2 solutions.
One is that he rent a van and let everyone pay his own part of fee. Another is that he can postpone
the date of trip.

In my opinion, I will choose the latter one. Because I can just contact with a few of members, their
attitude cannot represent other members‘ idea. After all, you must seek the opinion of everyone. At
the time of trip, maybe some people will be reluctant to pay extra money for this rent and that will
lead to the situation that not everyone can go to exhibition together. So it is a wise choice to wait
until the van has been repaired.

Q6

In the lecture, the professor offers us two examples to describe sea animals‘ camouflage and
illustrate how they adopt environment by using their special colors and shapes.
First off, leafy sea dragon has a unique green color and shape which totally resembled the green
plants. This feature can allow them perfectly blend into (fit with) the green sea plants. Therefore,
predator can hardly detect them among those green plants. But their shortcoming is obvious: they
can only disguise themselves in those particular natural conditions.

On the other hand, cuttlefish didn't have a special shape. But they develop another advanced type
of camouflage: immediately shifting their body pigments according to different environmental
conditions. This special capability endows them to change their color to adopt wide varieties of
environment. So they can avoid predators when they come into a new environment.


TPO12(2)
Many sea animals, in order to hide from predators have over time developed different kinds
camouflage to help them blend in with environment and avoid detection by predators. Picture the
surface of the sea floor. It‘s as varied as the land we live on. It‘s got peaks, valleys, vegetation and
rocky areas and some sea animals have developed permanent colors or shapes to resemble these
environment feature.

These camouflages help to disguise them from predators by enabling them to blend into a specific
part of sea. For instance, take a kind of fish, like leaf sea dragon. Well, the name says it all. It
resembles a small green dragon with leaf like protrusion sticking out like arms. And because of its
color and shape, it blends extremely well with green sea plants. So when the leaf sea dragon is
swimming through these plants, predators have trouble seeing it. But when it enters other
environments, without these green plants, its camouflage doesn‘t work anymore.

Now other sea animals are difficult to spot anywhere in the sea, because their type of camouflage
enables them to change color. Take the cuttlefish, a fish that‘s closely related to squid and octopus.
Unlike leaf sea dragons, cuttlefish have not developed any particular shape to hide from
predators. But they have a lot of mobility because their camouflage allows them to blend into any
environment because cuttlefish have shifting pigments that allow them to change color in a
matter of seconds. And so they can almost instantaneously match the color of their surroundings.
If they are swimming by green sea plants, they will turn green, and if they are swimming over the
brown sea floor, they will turn brown.


Using the examples of the leafy sea dragon and the cuttlefish, describe two kinds of camouflage
and the benefits they provide.

In the lecture, the professor offers us two examples to describe sea animals‘ camouflage and
illustrate how they adopt environment by using their special colors and shapes.
First off, leafy sea dragons have a unique green color and shape which totally resembled the green
plants. This feature can allow them perfectly blend into (fit with) the green sea plants. Therefore,
predator can hardly detect them among those plants. But shortcoming is obvious: they can only
disguise themselves in some particular conditions.
On the other hand, cuttlefish develop another more advanced type of camouflage. This special

capability endows them to change their color immediately according to environmental conditions.
So they can survive better in the variety of sea floors.

TPO14
Q3
In the conversation, the man cast doubts on the students‘ proposal that university should allow
students to eat in class and in-class parties.
The first reason is that canceling this prohibition will cause a lot of trouble like noise. It is very
impolite to make sound while eating. But that‘s inevitable. The noise will invade other students‘
thoughts or even interrupt their study.
The second reason is that the last classes are planned to do important review for preparing final
exams. Parties will occupy our precious reviewing time and interrupt to go over our courses.

Q4
In the lecture, the professor introduce us his friend‘s journalist experience to illustrate the concept
of comfort zone bias.
In this example, his friend firstly wanted to seek a job as film reviewer according his interesting.
But he failed to hunt one. So he finally chose to take a newspaper reporter instead. After several
false starts, he became a successful reporter. Someday, he got an opportunity to be a film reviewer.
But he refused to give up his comfort zone-his newspaper reporter position—to take this new
challenging job with high salary. He was willing to stay his familiar situation and don‘t want to
take any risks to try new one.

Q5
In the conversation, the man faced the problem that he should make a decision about his living
arrangements due to his roommate‘s leaving. He has two solutions to choose. One is he can share a
room with appointed new roommate by university. Another one is to live with his old roommates
in a new house off campus.
In my opinion, I prefer the former one. The main reason is that I am not used to live with a group
of people. At first, I just lived with my roommate in a double room. But new apartment is filled
with a group of people. Living together will cause a lot of unexpected trouble. Moreover, I hate to
wake up early to catch my class. I need to have a sound sleep to refresh myself.

Q6
In the lecture, the professor introduced us two examples to illustrate how deep-sea animals adapt
to the harsh environment.
The first example is that a species of eel can swallow preys larger than itself. That special
capability relies on its enormous mouth and large stomach. That adaption can help them endure a
long period of hunger.
The second example is that a kind of fish called Angler fish can generate light to attract food.
Their particular head structure can generate light that glows in the dark. Insidiously, this light is
positioned close to the fish‘s mouth. This little light can appeal to some unguarded preys. Their
curiosity will put themselves into the angler fish trap unconsciously.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
the traditional virtue of telling the truth in all situations is increasingly doubted by many in
today‘s world. Many believe that telling the truth is not always the best policy when dealing with
people. Moreover, the line of a ―truth‖ is becoming more and more vague. This essay will explore
the importance of telling the truth in relationships between people.

We all understand that often the truth is offending and may not be a very nice thing to both hear
or say. Lies or white lies often have their advantages. The manipulation of white lies is the most
obvious the business world. How many times have we heard that some product is ―the finest‖ or
―the cheapest‖? how many times have we heard that products have such and such ―magical
functions‖? advertising is about persuasion, and many would agree that if a company is to tell the
absolute truth about it‘s products, no one would be interested in even having a look at the
products.

The same logic applies to human relationships. If your friend had worn a newly purchased dress
on her birthday and energetically asked you if it was a worthy buy, would you freely express your
opinion that you had never seen a dress as the one she‘s currently wearing? And spoil her birthday?
Unarguably, hiding (entirely or particially) the truth in some situations can be quite handy indeed.
Confrontations and disputes can seemingly be avoided.

However, there is always the risk factor of the truth emerging sooner or later when telling an
untruth. The basic trust in any relationships (businessmancustomer, friends, parentschildren)
will be blotched, and would have an impact on the future relationship between both parties. The
story of the ―the boy who cried wolf‖ fully illustrates the consequences of telling untruths. No one
will believe you when you‘re telling the truth. Your word will have no weighting.

In addition, another ―bad factor‖ of telling untruths is that you have absolutely no control over
when the truth (of previous untruths) will emerge. Untruths breed pain in both parties: tears
when the truth is uncovered after a period of time; fear and the burden of sharing a ―secret‖. In
the long run, it seems that hiding the truth is not beneficial to either party.

Everyone hates betrayal. Even if it is the trend to occasionally hide the truth in relationships, it is
strongly recommended that not to follow that trend as the risk and the consequences of the truth
unfolded overwhelms the minimal advantages one can derive from not telling the truth After all,
it is understood that relationships are founded on ―trust‖ which goes hand in hand with ―truth‖.
Indeed telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.
Always.

Rater's comment
This lengthy essay presents a clear and very well-developed discussion of the issue. There are
occasional instances of poor phrasing (―the line of a ?truth‘ is becoming more and more vague‖),
but these are more than offset by the rest of the response, which is fluent, varied, complex, and
sophisticated. Again, the only noticeable fault is the failure to capitalize sentence- initial words.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Score 5 Essay
DISHONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY
There are certain considerations or factors that everyone takes into account in a relationship.
People may look for honesty, altruism, understanding, loyalty, being thoughtful etc! Everyone
would more or less wish that the person she is dealing with, has some of these virtues above.
Putting them in an order according to their importance, however can be very subjective and
relative.

When someone asks himherself the question ―What do I consider to be the most important thing
in my relationship?‖ the answer depends on a lot of factors such as how hisher earlier
relationships were.

After stating that everyone‘s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words,
always telling the truth is the most important consideration in a relationship. Opposite of this is
inarguably lying and if someone needs to lie, either she is hiding something or is afraid of telling
me something.

In any relationship of mine, I would wish that first of all, the person I‘m dealing with is honest.
Even though she thinks that she did something wrong that I wouldn‘t like, she‘d better tell me
the truth and not lie about it. Later on if I find out about a lie or hear the truth from someone else,
that‘d be much more unpleasant. In that case how can I ever believe or trust that person again?
How can I ever believe that this person has enough confidence in me to forgive himher and carry
on with the relationship from there. So if I cannot trust a person anymore, if the person doesn‘t
think I can handle the truth, there‘s no point to continuing that relationship.

Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people,
an instance of the opposite of these behaviors would not upset me as much as dishonesty would.
Among all the possible behaviors, dishonesty is the only one for me that terminates how I feel
about a person‘s reliability. Therefore honesty would be my first concern and the most important
consideration in a relationship.

Rater‘s Comments
In this response the writer first approaches the topic by underscoring that a number of character
traits are important to a relationship. The writer then effectively develops an argument that unlike
other negative behaviors, dishonesty or unwillingness to fully disclose some bad action cannot be
forgiven and can be the most important factor in destroying a relationship. The writer‘s language
is fluent, accurate, and varied enough to effectively support the progression and connection of
ideas. There is a variety of sentence structures, including rhetorical questions. The essay is not
mechanically perfect, but as long as such errors are occasional, minor, and do not interfere with
the reader‘s understanding, an essay like this one can still earn a top score.
TPO-3 integrated writing sample answer （满分范文）
The lecture revises the idea presented in the text, that Rembrandt was not the artist who painted
the famous painting oman in a White Bonnet‖.

The inconsistency between the white cap, which identifies the woman as a servant, and the

expensive fur collar she wears dissolves as the Professor explains that the fur collar was
apparently painted over the original painting to increase its worth by displaying an aristocratic
woman.

In addition, the assumption that light and shadow in the painting do not fit together is refuted by
the fact that in the original painting, the woman wears a light cloth that illuminated her face. Thus
the presentation of light and shadow was indeed very realistic and accurate, as it is characteristic
of Rembrandt‘s paintings.

Finally, the mystery of the panel consisting of patches glued together is also solved in the lecture.
Actually, the wood panel was later enlarged to make it more grand and valuable, but the original
painting was painted on a single panel, as Rembrandt would have done it. Furthermore, the wood
is of the same tree used in other Rembrandt paintings, like the Portrait with a Hat‖.

All this information points to Rembrandt as the painter of the controversial painting.
Question:

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer
Sample Response:

In the following essay I would like to express my opinion in regard to the thesis ―It is more
important to keep your old friends than it is to make new fiends‖

On the one hand, you could always say that making new friends is a lot more entertaining than
keeping in touch with the old ones. There are new topics to talk about, new activities to do together,
new personality traits to discover... Additionally, you also get to meet the persons who are close to
your new friends. And maybe you will even receive a whole group of new friends by making one
new friend.

However, you could also say that it makes much more sense to keep in touch with your old friends
since they are your true friends. Firstly, you already know how they react to certain situations and
therefore you know how to treat them to get along well. Secondly, I am of the conviction that it is
certain that in a bit more peculiar and maybe a bit unpleasant situations it is a lot more likely that
your old friends will help you out than that someone you have met barely a week ago would do the
same.

Though I have to admit that I personally came to the conclusion that I need my old friends as well
as my new friends. For me they are both equally important. I adore keeping in touch with my old
friends and knowing how they will react in most situations. Of course, over the years some sort of
bond and a special kind of trust has developed with my long-time friends.

However, I immensely enjoy making new friends as well. I enjoy trying out new activities and
making new friends there. Furthermore, I like making friends from all kinds of different cultures
and countries. And I am certain that this kind of attitude makes life much more interesting. Plus, I
believe that new friends will also broaden your horizon because their beliefs may differ from your

own.

Personally, I am convinced that nobody has to decide between old friends and new friends since
the possibility of keeping the old friends and making new ones always exists. Therefore as a final
statement I would like to say fiends and enjoy making new ones as well
words-

Description of Response:
This essay does a good job responding to the topic by developing benefits of both making new
friends and keeping old friends, ending with the conclusion that they are of equal importance and
that there is no reason to have to choose. In this essay, the level of vocabulary is not as
sophisticated as would be typical in a top- rated essay, but there is some very good grammatical
complexity displayed and vocabulary is used accurately

下面这篇作文是针对T PO第四套的综合写作（关于恐龙是否是恒温动物）写的，虽然有一些小
错误，但ETS评分为满分。
Sample Response

The professor actually contradicts the statements made in the passage. She is of the view that
dinosaurs are not endotherms i.e. they were not able to keep their body temperature at a constant
rate.

The professor contradicts the issue of dinosaurs being endothers based on the availability of fossils
being available in thwe polar regions, she say that the polar regions in those days were not as cold
as they are today i.e at least warm enough for dinosaurs to live. Durin harsh winters she says that
there is a possibility of the dinosaurs actually migrating to warmer regions.

The issue of leg position and movement being used as a reason to clasify the dinosaurs as
endotherms does not please the professor either. She says that dinosaurs had legs under their
bodies to support their huge bodies i.e the legs under the body of the dinosaur were actually to
support the huge weight of the dinosaur and not to provide it with a body structure like
endotherms(which is actually suited for running).

The professor acknowledges the presence of have risen canals but also points out that that the
fossils show the presence of growth rings. These rings occur due to the thickening of the bone. The
thickening indicates that the dinosaurs were'nt actually growing continuously but were
experiencing periods of rapid growth and periods of no growth in succession. This pattern. she
says is characteristic of non endothermic animals.
Thus it can be inferred that the professor challenges the passage by giving reasons as to why she
thinks that the dinosaur is not an endotherm.

Description of Response:
Despite initial appearances, this response largely succeeds in clearly and accurately presenting
how the lecture points take issue with the points in the reading passage that dinosaurs were
endotherms. The first point regarding dinosaurs in polar regions could be a bit clearer. Otherwise,
the response mainly suffers from typographical errors, but these are not regarded as major
problems; it is obvious that the writer has good control of structure and vocabulary and the ability

to use these to convey in an organized and logical manner what has been understood and asked.

TPO-4 独立写作满分范文（未来车辆减少）
Question:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In twenty years, there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Sample Responses:
At first I would say I disagree with the statement according to which the use of cars would
decrease in the following twenty years. Indeed, the world's population is expected to grow
drastically in the next decades. Population in Western countries is likely to grow at the same pace
it is growing today, but the most important contribution to the global population growth will
certainly come from developing countries. And to my opinion, a growth in the use of cars will
accompany this growth in population. People in developed countries are largely accustomed to
using cars, therefore a great change in habits would be needed to curb the growth in cars' use.
Moreover, studies show that people live further and further from their work place, and therefore
have to use their car more often. As for developing countries, a rapid economic growth is expected
to go along with population growth in a good deal of countries. These countries are likely to reach
the development level of Western countries within the next couple of decades. Unless these
countries can develop their own pattern, which I doubt, they will use more and more cars.

Nevertheless, some hope remains that the growth in the use of cars can be slowed in the future.
People and governments are becoming more and more aware of environmental issues linked to the
use of cars, and some experiments aiming at reducing it have been conducted in some places (e.g.
the toll in the London downtown, or the alternate circulation in Paris on high pollution rate days).
Although these measures certainly have a positive effect on pollution and traffic. I don't think
they're viable in the long run. To curb environmental problems linked to cars, the only solution is
to develop new clean technologies. This way pollution rates would drop, but we would still use
more and more cars. So as for traffic In big cities In twenty years.. I'm very pessimistic!-324
words-
Description of Response:
This is a well- developed, well-organized response largely giving detailed reasons for disagreeing
with the issue as stated. A great variety of sentence structures and vocabulary is displayed and
good progression of ideas is evident.