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望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
高二英语第十讲 定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词
或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从
句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关
系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that,
which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如:
Is he the
man whothat wants to see you?
(whothat在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom that I
saw yesterday. (whomthat在从句中作宾语)
2)
whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car
had broken down.
Please pass me the book
whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which,
that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
A
disease which that had never been seen before
appeared in the country
The package
(which that)you are carrying is about to come
unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when,
where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+
which
结构交替使用。例如:
1) There was a time when
(in which) I was tired of studying.
2)Beijing
is the place where(in which) I was born.
3)Is this the reason why (for which) he
refused our offer?
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系
代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无
宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不
及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain
village where I stayed last year.
I'll
never forget the days when I worked together with
you.
(错) This is the mountain village where
I visited last year.
(对) This is the mountain
village (which that ) I visited last year.
定语从句1
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
(错) I will never forget the days
when I spent in the countryside.
(对)
I'll never forget the days (whichthat ) I spent in
the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where,
when联系在一起。此两题错在关系
词的误用上。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可
缺少的部分,去掉它
主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主
句的意
思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:
This is the
house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we
bought last month, is very nice.
2)
当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制
性的。例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher,
retired last year.
My house, which I bought
last year, has got a lovely garden.
This
novel, which I have read three times, is very
touching.
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰,
这时从句谓语动词
要用第三人称单数。例如:
He seems not to
have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets
me.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is
called evaporation.
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when
和
where 互换。例如:
This is the house in
which I lived two years ago.。
T This is the
house in which I lived two years ago.。
This
is the house (thatwhich ) I lived in two years
ago.
This is the baby whom I am looking after.
定语从句2
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
但是 不能说
This is the baby after whom I
am looking.
Do you remember the day on
which you joined our club?
Do you remember
the day when you joined our club?
as, which
非限定性定语从句
由as, which
引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and
that。
As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:
As we know,
smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very
important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很
重要。
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss,
___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C.
which D. he
2)The weather turned out to be
very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
3)It
rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from
going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as
D. it
as 的用法
例1. the same…as;such…as
中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。例如:
I have got into
the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。例如:
As we
know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
As is known, smoking is
harmful to one's health.
先行词和关系词二合一
1) Whoever spits in public will be punished
here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2) The
parents will use what they have to send their son
to technical school.(what 可以用all that
代替)
whatwhatever; thatwhat; whowhoever
1) what =
the thing that;whatever = anything that 。例如:
2)
What you want has been sent here.
你要的动词都送来了。
Whatever you want makes no
difference to me. 不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。
定语从句3
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone
who。例如:
(错)Who breaks the law will be
punished.
对)Whoever breaks the law will be
punished. 王子犯法,与庶民同罪。
(错)Whoever
robbed the bank is not clear.
(对)Who robbed
the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3) that 和
what
当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当
任
何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句,
用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。
例如:
I
think(that)you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
关系代词that 的用法
1)不用that的情况
a)
引导非限定性定语从句时。例如:
(错)The tree, that is four
hundred years old, is very famous here.
b)
介词后不能用。例如:
We depend on the land from
which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。
We
depend on the land thatwhich we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be
句型中,只用that,不用which。
b) 在不定代词,如:anything,
nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,
little等作先行词时,
只用that,不用which。
c)
先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。
d)
先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
All that is needed is a supply of
oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed
everything that he had stolen to the police.
基础训练
place _______interested me most was
the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where
C. what D. in which
you know the man
_______?
A. whom I spoke
定语从句4
B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I
spoke
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
is the hotel _______last month.
A.
which they stayed
B. at that they
stayed
D. where they stayed
D. on which
D. when
C. where they stayed at
A.
which
A. which
A. where
A.
where
`B. that
you know the year
______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
C. when
is the day ______I'll never
forget.
B. on which C. in which
factory ______we'll visit next week is not
far from here.
B. to which
B. that
C. which
C. which
D. in
which
D. there
changes have taken place
since then in the factory _______we are working.
is one of the best films _______.
A.
that have been shown this year
C. that has
been shown this year
A. about which you
talked
C. about that you talked
A. with which
A. whom
A. to
whom
A. who
B.
that have shown
D. that you talked
you
lend me the book ______the other day?
B. which
you talked
D. that you talked
C. on which
D. that
D. with whom
D. by which
pen ______he is writing is mine.
B. in
which
arrived at a farmhouse, in front of
______sat a small boy.
B. who
C.
which
engineer ______my father works is about
50 years old.
B. on whom C. with which
D. whose
there anyone in your class
______family is in the country?
B. who's C.
which
14.I'm interested in ______you have
said.
A. all that
A. which
A. who
A. that
B. all what
B.
who
C. that D. which
D. as
D.
as
D. what
15.I want to use the same
dictionary ______was used yesterday.
C. what
C. that
isn't such a man ______he
used to be.
B. whom
B. as
is good
at English, ______we all know.
C. whom
Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went
D.I went with him
C. such novels
D.
what
D. same novels
`C. with who I went
A. the novels
A. which
定语从句5
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
B. the such novels
B. that
talked
a lot about things and persons ________they
remembered in the school.
C. whom
letter is from my sister, ______is working in
Beijing.
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
A. which
A. them
B. that C. whom
D. who
D. who
D.; who
D. the title of that
our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of
____are women.
B. which
B.; whom
C. whom
C. whom;
're
the only person ______I've ever met ______could do
it.
A. who;
A. whose title
A. for which
A. that
together.
A. when; which
A. which
B. which;
when
C. what; that
D.
D. on
which; when
way ______he looks at problems is
wrong.
B. whose C. what
is the reason
______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in
which B. with which
A. after which I have
looked
C. that I have looked after
A. why; that
A.
C. that
D. for which
machine, ______for many years, is still working
perfectly.
B. which I have looked after
D. I have looked after
C. for
that;that
which
which;what
24.I lost a book, ______I
can't remember now.
B. its title
B. for
that
C. the title of it
C. in which
D. it
summer we visited the West Lake,
______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
D.
what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was
advertised on TV.
B. which C. as
27.I
can never forget the day _______ we worked
together and the day ______ we spent
reason
______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
;why
is working
hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
is not the way ______I do it.
which
which
D. both of which
34.I
have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which
A. as was
A.
who
A. that
A. that
A.
B. either of which C. both of that
D. which
35.I want to use the same tools
_______used in your factory a few days ago.
B.
which was
B. which
C. as were
neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of
trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
C.
that D. it
D. from which
D. as
D. whose
is the magazine _______ I
copied the paragraph.
B. which
B. which
B. why
C. from that
C. who
is not such a man _______ would leave his
work half done.
39. You can depend on whatever
promise _______ he makes.
C. when
40.
Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however,
popular.
定语从句6
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
A. that B. which C. it D. though
高考真题
(09安徽)1. A good friend of mine
from I was born showed up at my home
right before I left for Beijing.
A. how
B. whom
C. when D. which
(09安徽)2. Many children, parents are
away working in big cities,are taken
good care
of in the village.
A. their
B. whose
C. of them D. with
whom
(09北京)3. —What do you think of teacher
,Bob?
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a
job ___ you are doing something serious but
interesting .
A. where B. which
C. when D. that
(09福建)4. It’s helpful to
put children in a situation they can see
themselves
differently.
A. that
B. when C. which D. where
(09湖南)5.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana,
a city name will create a
picture of
beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose
(09江西)6. The house I grew up ________ has been
taken down and replaced by an office
building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D.
in which
(09海南)7. She brought with her three
friends, none of I had ever met
before.
A. them
C. whom
B. who
D. these
(09山东)8. Whenever
I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted
me with a sweet
定语从句7
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
smile.
A. who B. which
C. when D. that
(09陕西)9. Gun control is
a subject Americans have argued for a long
time.
A. of which B. with which C.
about which D. into which
(09四川)10.
She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she
found her son who had gone
missing two years
before.
A. that B. which C. where
D. when
(09天津)11. A person ______ e-mail
account is full won’t be able to send or receive
any
e-mails.
A. who B. whom C.
whose D. whoever
vel to the Binhai New Area
by light railway every day, _____ do many
businessmen who live
in downtown Tianjin.
A. as B. which C. when D.
though
(09浙江)13.I have reached a point in my
life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of
my own.
A. which B. where C. how
D. why
(09重庆)14. Life is like a long race
_____we compete with others to go beyond
ourselves.
A. why B. what C.
that D. where
(09全国2 )15. My friend
showed me round the town, was very kind of
him.
A. which B. that C.
where D. it
16. --- Did you ask the
guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me
all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B.
what; what C. which; which D. that; that
17 I shall never forget those years _______ I
lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______
has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who
A. owns; are
A. are being
B. that; which
C. which; that
D. when; which
18 . The number of the people
who _______ cars _______ increasing.
B. owns;
is C. own; is D. own; are
D. have been
19 . All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
B. has been C. had been
20.The couple
walked together as far as the second crossing of
the street they waved
定语从句8
望子成龙学校秋季班高二英语
Where there is a will, there is a way
!
goodbye to each other.
A.when B.which C.why D.where
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