轮胎帘布-逊位
虚拟语气专项讲解一
简单句中的虚拟语气
一、情态动词的过去式用
于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,
常用于日常会话中(即两个人面对面
讲话,用的不是现在时态而是过去式)。如:
⑴.Would you be kind
enough to show me the way to the post
office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?
⑵.It would be better for
you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!
⑵、May you
be happy!祝你快乐!
⑶、May you do even
better!祝你取得更大成就!
⑷、May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last
long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be
) 祝你幸福。
2、用动词原形。例如:
(1).Long live the
people! 人民万岁!
(2).“God bless you,”said the
priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”
(3).Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快!
三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)
(1).God save me.
(2).Heaven help us.
四、表命令
1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:!
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple
Present),如:work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。
(1). Work !
(2). Work harder !
(3). Be more alert !
(虚拟语气动词Be)
(4). You go out !
(5). Do not
work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)
(6). Don't be
afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)
五、在一些习惯表达中。如:
(1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。
(2).I’d rather not tell you the
secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
第一部分:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气
一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。
一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):
从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时
的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),
实义动词用过去式。例:
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the
question.
(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all
the year around.
(wish,
were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)
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虚拟语气专项讲解一
3. I wish I were a
bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)
4. When she
was at the party,she wished she were at home.
(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)
5. Now that
he is in China, he wishes he understood
Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)
6. When we begin
the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will
wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并
不和我们在一起)
二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):
用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would,
could,
might+现在完成时。注意:wish这个单词的时态是很灵活的。例:
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much
time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)
2. He wishes
he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
4. I wish
you had called earlier. (wish, had +
called)(事实上已迟了)
5. They will wish they had
listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had +
listened)(事实上并不如此)
例题分析:I wish I ______ longer
this morning, but I had to get up and come to
class.
A. could have slept B. slept C.
might have slept D. have slept
解析:动词wish后面接从
句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,
即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作
)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动
词have用的是过去时had to
get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。
所以,
选项A)could have slept是答案。
三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):
从句动词动词原形(时间上较后)
(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例:
1. I
wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)
2. I wish you would be
quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next
day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would +
change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意)
5.
He will wish we would join him the following
week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)
四)、注意:
1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that
从句中的动词形式不变。例如:
I wished I hadn't spent so much
money.
我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。
2. 如果that
从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求
I wish he
would answer my letter.
I wish prices would
come down.
I wish you would help me.
I
wish you would stop asking silly questions.
练习一:
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虚拟语气专项讲解一
boy
acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
2.
____ to the doctor right away, he might have been
alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone C.
Should he have gone D. Had he gone
3. If you
were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have
allowed D. had allowed
4. The secretary
suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C.
brought D. bring
5. I wish I ____ able to
tell him all about it last night.
A. was B.
were C. had been D. should be
6. If we ____
here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
A.
arrivedwould catch B. arrivedwould have caught
C. had arrivedhad caught D. had arrivedwould
have caught
7. If I ____ more time, I would
have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have
had D. would have
8. He was very busy
yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D.
had come
9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the
Monkey King _____ right away.
A. would be
arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had
to be arrested
10. Jane’s uncle insisted ____
in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B.
not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
11. Don’t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke
up, he _____ you.
A. would come to B. would
come at C. would have come toward D. will come to
12. Without electricity human life _____ quite
different today.
A. is B. will be C. would
have been D. would be
13. How I wish I ____
to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A.
had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t
try
14. He demanded that the laboratory
report ___ immediately after the experiment was
done.
A. was written B. be written C. must be
written D. would be written
15. The man
insisted that he _____ there.
A. should send
B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent
16. If he
had not gone out in the storm _____.
A. he
will be alive now B. he would be alive now
C.
he would have been alive now
17. If it ___
tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains B. were
to rain C. would rain D. rain
18. It is
required that you ____ at six.
A. will arrive
B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
19. If
only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer
as you do.
A. had known B. would know C.
should know D. knew
20. He spoke in a quiet,
distinct voice, as though his thought _____.
A. was far away B. had been far away C. were
far away D. went far away.
21. If it ___
rain, we ___ get wet.
A. is to, should B.
were to, would
C. were going to, would D. was
going to, should
22. If he ___ to the teacher
attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened,
would know
C. listened, would have known D.
had listened, would know
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虚拟语气专项讲解一
23. But for the party, he
___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. would have
died B. would die C. must have died D. must die
24. ___ today, he would get there for holiday.
A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would
he leave D. If he leaves
25. I would have
come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for
me.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would
have known D. haven’t known
26. It’s high
time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B.
went C. go D. will go
27. It seems as if it
___ rain.
A. will to B. is going to C. is to
D. were going to
28. I’d rather you ___ right
away.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to
leave
29. He is working hard for fear that he
___.
A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail
30. It is really strange that the girl ___ so
early.
A. has been married B. has married C.
be married D. would marry
31. Supposing I ___
this gift, what would he say?
A. accept B.
accepted C. should accept D. would accept
32.
The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the
students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be
given
33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I
___ your birthday party.
A. attended B. had
attended C. would attend D. would have attended
34. He insisted that he ___ me before.
A.
see B. should see C. had seen D. saw
35. The
two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for
years.
A. were B. would be C. have been D.
had been
36. We ___ our lives had it not been
for the policeman.
A. would have lost B.
should lose C. might lose D. could have lost
37. ---- I thought you would come back
tomorrow.
---- I would if I ___ to attend a
meeting.
A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will
not have D. would not have
38. He wishes ___
mistakes.
A. he doesn’t always make B. he
isn’t always making
C. he didn’t always make
D. he wouldn’t always making
39. It ___ very
nice if only it were possible.
A. will be B.
would be C. is D. were
40. Without your help,
our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B.
will lose C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
41. I wish I ___ what to do.
A. knew B.
have known C. know D. would know
42. ___, I
would take an umbrella with me.
A. Had I been
you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you
43. If I had hurried, I ___ the train.
A.
would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D.
had caught
44. He insisted that John ___ it.
A. do B. does C. did D. would do
45. It
is high time we ___ off.
A. are B. were C. be
D. will be
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虚拟语气专项讲解一
46. He felt as if he ___ more time to study
for the test.
A. needs B. were needed C.
needed D. need
47. It is important that I ___
with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B.
spoke C. will speak D. to speak
48. James
wishes he ___ the football game instead of the
film.
A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had
seen
49. I wish ___.
A. he left B. he
leaves me alone C. he be left D. he would leave me
alone
50. If I had known that, I ___ so.
A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t
do D. have not done
51. The doctor suggested
that she ___.
A. will not smoke B. not smoke
C. would not smoke D. did not smoke
52. If I
___ you, I wouldn’t return the call.
A. be B.
am C. was D. were
53. You talk as if you ___
there.
A. were really B. has really been C.
had really been D. would really be
54. He
suggested that the work ___ at once.
A. would
started be started started D. should be started
55. It is strange that such a thing ___ in
your school.
A. will happen B. happens C.
should happen D. happened
56. It is
imperative that you ___ on time.
A. are B.
will be C. be D. would be
57. I didn’t go to
the party, but I do wish I ___ there.
A. was
B. were C. had been D. went
58. It is time we
___ up our results.
A. sum B. summed C. will
sum D. would sum
59. If the doctor had been
available, the child ___.
A. would not die B.
would not have died C. could not die D. could not
have died
60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he
___.
A. never had felt tired B. had never
felt tired
C. never felt tired D. was tired
never
虚拟语气专项练习一参考答案
1.A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C
10. C
11. B 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B 17.
B 18. B 19. D 20. B
21.B 22. D 23. A 24. B
25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C
31. B 32.
C 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C
41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48.
D 49. D 50. B
51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. C
56. C 57. C 58. B 59. B 60.B
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