姑且什么意思-叫苦不迭的意思
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动
词所表示的动
作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would
可用于任何人称,同时
也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,woul
d。
1.与现在事实相反
连接词 条件从句
1).动词过去式(或were)
2).助动词(过去式)+动词原
形
结果从句
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If
If had the time, John would
make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If
I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
2.与过去事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
Should
Would + have+过去分词
could
might
结果从句
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If had+过去分词
If I’d known that it
was going to rain, I would never have gone for a
walk in the
连接词 条件从句
1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、were to+动词原形
If
country.
3.与将来事实相反
If it were toshould
rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.
If you went there next time, you would see
what I mean.
4.错综时间虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的
行为所发生的时间不一致时,动
词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:
If I
were you, I would have gone home.
1
If you had followed the doctor's
advice,you would be quite all right
now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。)
If the weather had
been more favorable ,the crops would be growing
still
better.
状语从句
1. 方式状语as if(as
though)
如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事
实相反
,谓语动词用过去分词;表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用
动词原形。例如:
He
looks at me as if I were mad.
He spoke
English so fluently as if he had studied English
in England.
但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从
句中的情况往
往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:
It looks as if
our side is going to win.
2. 目的状语in order
that,so that
从句谓语动词用
maymight,cancould)+动词原形。例如: She
listened carefully in
order that she might
discover exactly what he wanted.
3.
连词引导的条件状语从句:
in case , unless ,supposing
,providing,on condition
that从句谓语动词用
(should)或动词原形。
4. 连词引导的步状语从句:
lest ,for fear that等
We hid behind some
bushes for fear that passer-by should see us.
二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
t, advise
等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
1)
2)
3)
4)
要求:ask demand require request beg plead
insist pray urge
建议:suggest advise propose
recommend move
命令、决定:order command decide
determine resolve
其它:consent deserve desire
intend maintain prefer等后面的宾
语从句中
+that…(should )+动词原形
注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
He suggested
that they (should ) stop smoking.
They
demanded that the black people should be treated
as well as white
people.
如果that
引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is
right.
2
注意:insist作力言、强调解时,宾语从
句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist
作坚持(应该)解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen
anything.
I insisted that you give me my
money back.
2.宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为可惜……、就好
了、
悔不该……、但愿……等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语
动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿
望,用动词原形表示
过去不能实现的愿望,用过去分词或过去分词。
例如:
wish的用法
1). 与现在事实相反 :
动词过去式或were
I
wish we could go to the seaside today.
I wish
I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a
pop singer..)
2).与过去事实相反 :
主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式
We wish we
had arrived there two hours earlier.
I wish I
had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I
stopped teaching.)
3).与将来事实相反:
助动词过去式+动词原形
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意:wi
sh与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希
望,宾语从句用陈述语气。wi
sh表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句
用虚拟语气。试比较:
(1) We
hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can
come.)
(2) We wish they could come,(We know
they are not coming.)
3..虚拟语气在would
ratherwould soonerwould just as soon后接从句:
I'd
rather you paid me now.(从句用过去时指现在)
I would
rather they came tomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来)
I'd
rather she hadn't done
that.(从句用过去完成时指过去)(此句中的
would可看作是表愿望的实义动词)
三.虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用动词原形的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如:
It is necessary(
appropriate crucial desirable dreadful
essential
important improper incredible
indispensable insistent natural
preferable
possible probable proper right significant
surprising
3
strange tragic
urgent vital wrong etc.)that we should clean the
room
every day.
It was a pity(a shame,no
wonder,etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested,decided,ordered,
requested,proposed,etc.)that she should finish
her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中,should
意为应该、竟然可以省去,但不可
换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。
注意:这种从
句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可
用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇,that
从句也可用陈述语气。例如:
It is strange that he did not
come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can't
swim.
四.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
n. 要求:demand
requirement request pray insistence
建议:suggestion advice proposal recommendation
motion
命令、决定:order command decision
determination resolution
其它:plan desire
idea necessity preference等名词的表语从句和同
位语从句,其谓语动词要
用虚拟语气的结构+动词原形。例如:
We all agreed to his
suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for
sightseeing.
My idea is that he
(should)do exercises first.
五、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
1.省掉if的条件从句倒装结构:
Had you asked me, I would
have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
2.有
时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或
定语从句来表示,如:
A
true friend would not do such a thing.
(=If he
were a true friend, he...)
(=If there were no
water,…)
(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
3.
虚拟语气用于定语从句:It’s (high) time
that…+动词过去式或should+动
词原形,
(should不能省略,be用were)来表示,意为现在)该……。如:
It’s time
(that) you had a hair cut.
It’s high time
(that) we took some action.
4.虚拟语气用于if
only引导的感叹句:
If only I had taken his
advice.我要是听他的话就好了。
If only I were a
bird!我如果是一只鸟就好了。
5.虚拟语气用于简单句
4
1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。
例如:
It would be better for you not to stay up too
late.
Would you be kind enough to open the
door?
2)用于一些习惯表达法中。例如:
Would you like a
cup of tea.
You had better go now.
3)用动词原形表示祝愿、但愿。may须置于句首。例如:
May you be
happy!
May you succeed!
6.含蓄条件句
在某些虚拟语
气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出
来,这种现象在语法上称为含蓄条件句。含蓄条
件具体分为以下几种情况:
1)通过动词不定式短语表示条件。例如:
You would
be a fool to refuse his offer.
(=If you should
refuse his offer,you would be a fool.)
要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。
2)通过介词短语表达条件。
例如:
But for the storm I would have arrived much
earlier.
(=If it had not been for the
storm...)
要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。Without air, there
would be no living
things. I would not have
succeeded but for your help.
3)通过连词otherwise,o
r,but,that,though,once等表达条件。例如:
She came to
town yesterday,otherwiseor I would not have met
her.
昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。
(otherwiseor=if
she hadn't come)
I would have attended the
meeting,but I have been too busy.
(=...if I
had not been too busy)
我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。
4)通过Were it not for...或Had it not been
for...等句式表达条件。意为
如果当时没有……表示同过去事实相反的假设。例如:
Were it not for(=If it were not for) the
leadership of the Party,we could
not live a
happy life.
要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。
(与现在事实相反)
5
Had it not been for(=If it
had not been for) the leadership of the Party,we
should have failed.
若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。
(与过去事实相反)
5)通过分词短语表达条件。例如:
Given more
attention,the trees could have grown
better.倘若给予更多的
关心,这些树本来可以生长得更好的。
(=If they
had been given more attention...)
6)无词句暗示条件。例如:
Such mistakes could have
been avoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。
(暗含条件从句if we had
been more careful)
It was so quiet,you could
have heard a pin drop.是那样的安静,掉根针你
都听得见。
(暗含条件从句if it had dropped to the ground)
虚拟语气专项练习题
(1). If I you, I would go by
plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be B. was
C. were D. am
(2). I do not think those
people are really English. If they were,
they
speak with French accents.
A. don't B.
will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't
(3)
today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?
A. Were we leaving B. If we leave
C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave
(4). If Peter tomorrow, what would you
do?
A. were not to come B. will not
come
C. would not come D. had not
come
(5). “She didn't ask me, so I didn't
help her?”
“You mean to say , you would've
helped her ?”
A. if she asked you B. if
she were to ask you
she asked you D.
were she to ask you
6). They took the injured
straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of
them .
A. might have died B. might die
C. would die D. could die
(7). If they had
known him, to him?
A. would they have
talked B. would they talk
they
talked D. they would talk
6
(8). If I lived in the city, I
travelled in crowded buses, but I to see lots
of films.
A. shall have toshall be
able B. shall have toam able
C. would
have towere able D. would have towould be
able
(9). I would have gone to the concert,
if I time.
A. had had B. have had C.
had D. would have had
(10). I known it,
I would have told you.
A. Have B. If C.
Had D. Having
(11). your help, I would
not have succeeded.
A. Because B. Because
of C. But D. But for
(12). “What
did Mr Smith say about his career?”
“Only that
if he a millionaire, he would have fewer
worries.”
A. did not become B.
had not become
C. does not become
D. has not become
(13). “Why didn't you help
him?”
“ I would have I didn't have the
money.”
A. still B. but C.
otherwise D. or
(14). “Who should go to
see Li Ying? He is ill today.”
“I suggest
Wang Hong .”
A. goes B. would go C.
go D. went
(15). The housemaster was
strict. He requested that we television on
week nights.
A. not watch B.
must not to watch
C. not be watching
D. have not watch
(16). I can't speak
Japanese, but I do wish I .
A. can B.
could C. had D. speak
(17). “Are you
enjoying your stay here?’
“Yes, very much. I
wish I have to leave so soon.”
A. won't
B. don't C. mustn't D. didn't
(18).
“What will you do during the summer holidays?”
“I don't know, but it's about time on
something.”
A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide
C. I decided D. I'd decided
(19). I'd
rather you anything about it for the time
being.
A. say B. didn't say C. don't say
D. not say
(20). “Why do you have to be there
at six?”
“The teacher demands that everyone
in his seat at six.”
A. would be B. can be
C. be D. will be
7
(21). He makes a note of the assignment
lest he it.
A. forgets B. forget
C. will forget D. will not forget
(22).
“How does the librarian act?”
“He acts as if
he a walking dictionary.”
A. were B. be
C. is D. has been
23). There is a law that
drunken drivers severely punished.
A.
were B. are C. be D. will be
(24). I wish you interrupt when I'm
talking on the phone.
A. will not B. would
not C. do not D. did not
(25). Henry
talks to his dog as if it him.
A.
understands B. understood
C. understand
D. would understand
(26). Jeff looked as if
he a ghost.
A. saw B. has seen C.
had seen D. would see
(27). Give her my
best regards, .
A. should you see her
today B. if you saw her today
C. if you
would see her today D. should you have seen
her today
(28). There was a suggestion by the
teachers that the meeting postponed
for a
week.
A. had been B. would be C. was
D. should be
(29). It is highly desirable that
every effort to reduce pollution in
Beijing.
A. was made B. be made C.
will be made D. would be made
(30). The
manager would rather that his wife work in the
same office as
he does.
A. does not B.
did not C. would not D. will not
(31).
The teacher insisted that we all back by two
o'clock.
A. be B. to be C. would
be D. shall be
(32). I didn't go to the
football match, but I do wish I there.
A.
went B. was C. were been
(33).
It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒)
A. did away with B. do away with
C. did
away D. should do away with
虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案
1.C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10.C
11.D 12. B
13.B 14.C 15. A 16.B 17.D 18. C 19. B 20.
C
8
21.B 22.A 23. C 24. B
25.B 26.C 27.A 28.D 29. B 30.B
31.A
32. D 33.A
虚拟语气练习题
1.I enjoyed the
movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from
which it was
made.
A. have read
B. had read
C. should have read D. are
reading
are late. If you _____ a few minutes
earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet
B. had come; would have met
C. come; will
meet D. had come; would meet
two
students talked as if they _____ friends for
years.
A. should be B. would be
C. have been D. had been
is important
that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke
C. will speak D.
to speak
looked as if he _____ ill for a long
time.
A. was B. were
C. has been
D. had been
the doctor had come earlier, the
poor child would not _____.
A. have laid
there for two hours B. have been lied there
for two hours
C. have lied there for two
hours D. have lain there for two
hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go
C. have gone
D. could have gone
’s say you could go there
again, how _____ feel?
A. will you B.
should you
C. would you D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though
he _____ everything.
A. knew B.
knows
C. has known D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our
school.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. In case of D. But for
9
you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the
airport.
A. would meet B. would had
met
C. would have met D. would have meet
can take his car apart and put it back
together again. I certainly wish
he_____ me
how.
A. teaches B. will teach
C. has taught D. would teach
13.I would
have told him the answer had it been possible, but
I _____ so busy
then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was D. would be
’s
working hard for fear that he _____.
A.
should fall behind B. fell behind
C. may
fall behind D. would fallen behind
it
_____ another ten minutes, the game would have
been called off.
A. had rained B. would
have rained
C. have seen D. rained
suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of
fighting.
A. should B. would
C.
do D. had
father did not go to New
York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went B. won’t go
C. not go
D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the
meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had B.
have had
C. had D. would have had
you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A. decided against B. will decide against
C. have decided D. shall decide against
look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep
C. go
to bed D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t
you buy a new car?
—I would have bought
one if I _____ enough money.
A. had
B. have had
C. would have D. had had
she could sew, _____.
10
A.
she make a dress B. she would have made a
shirt
C. she will make a shirt D. she
would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would
get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D.
If he leaves
doctor suggested that he _____ a
short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would
take
C. take D. took
Bakers
arrived last night. If they’d only let us know
earlier,_____ at the
station.
A. we’d
meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d
have met them D. we’ve met them
I _____
you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and
phrases.
A. was; shall pay B. am;
will pay
C. would be; would pay D.
were; would pay
might have failed if you
_____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given
B. would not give
C. had not given D.
did not give
law requires that everyone _____
his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
B. had
C. have D. will have
is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say
B. would speak
C. should say D. will
speak
I known her name, _____
A. or
does she know mine? B. and where does she
live?
C. she would be beautiful. D. I
would have invited her to lunch.
has just
arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about
that.
A. know B. knows
C. known
D. knew
I _____ the money, I would have
bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed
B. owned
C. had D. had had
was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to
the meeting.
A. would come B. came
C. would have come D. will come
librarian insists that John _____ no more books
from the library before
11
he
returns all the books he has borrowed.
A.
will take B. took
C. take
D. takes
35.I left very early last night, but
I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave
B. hadn’t left
C. haven’t left D.
couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would
find one but I _____ no time.
A. had
B. didn’t have
C. had had D. have
37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache
because I’m sure that you would
have enjoyed
the concert.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have
had
C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
insisted that we all _____ in his office at one
o’clock.
A. be B. to be
C.
would be D. shall be
couldn’t go to
France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she
would
have enjoyed it if _____.
A. she’s
gone B. she’ll go
C. she’d gone
D. she’d go
40.I must go there earlier. John
has suggested that I _____ an hour before the
discussion begins.
A. go B.
shall go
C. will go D. would go
1—5
BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD 11—15 CDCAA
16—20
ACAAD 21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD
31—35 DDCCB 36—40 DCACD
解析:
后面用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
2.条件句表示与过去事实相反,主句用过去将来完成时,从句用过去完成
时。
if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。
is important
that是主语从句的虚拟语气,从句用sb. should do的形式。
if后面是真实情况,不虚拟。
是lie的过去分词,表示“躺”。
have
done表示“本来可以”。
8.与将来相反的虚拟语气,主句用过去将来时。
12
if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
for表示“要不是……的话”,通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。
advance表示“事先”,表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。
的并列句表示真实情况,不用虚拟语气。
fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。
15.表示与过去事实相反,主句用过去将来完成时,从句用过去完成时。
t后面的宾语从句用sb.
should do的形式。
t后面的从句用sb. should
do的形式,should可以省略。
18.表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时。
rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。
is
time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。
21.第一个had是过去完成时,第二个had表示“有”。
have
done是过去将来完成时,表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式,把if去掉,助动词提前。
t后面的从句用sb.
should do的形式,should可以省略。
25.表示与过去事实相反,主句用过去将来完成时。
26.在虚拟语气中,不管什么人称,be动词都要用were的形式。
27.表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时。
e后面的从句用sb. should
do的形式,should可以省略。
is strange
that是主语从句的虚拟语气,从句用sb. should do的形式。
I
known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。
if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。
32.第一个had是过去完成时,第二个had表示“有”。
ise经常可以搭配虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反。
34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。
后面用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
的并列句表示真实情况,不用虚拟语气。
后面用虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。
39.表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时。
t后面的从句用sb. should
do的形式,should可以省略。
13
移花接木什么意思-内字开头的成语
合肥艳门照-historical和historic的区别
去美国读研费用-砥砺德行
destruct-令正是什么意思
法硕专业排名-shave
有用的英语怎么说-题记是什么意思
初中英语单词下载-standard是什么意思
芳香化合物-厉害日语
-
上一篇:同位语从句专项训练
下一篇:(英语)英语名词性从句专项习题及答案解析及解析