人类命运共同体的意义-apple音标
鹰击长空—
基础不丢
一、 宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句,中考主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、语序
和时态
1、宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有三种:1)that;2)whether
if;3)特殊疑问词What when where
who等。
He said
that he could help me.
Your mother asked if
you could finish your work this week.
Can you
tell me when the sports meeting will begin?
(1) that引导的宾语从句:
that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引
导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中
作任何成分,
that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。
He said (that) he
could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。
(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句:
从属连词if, whether引导的
名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,变成从
句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。
Let us know whether if you can finish the
work before Friday.
I don’t care whether you
like the story or not.
注意:以下情况一般只用whether不用if。
① 接带to的动词不定式。
She doesn’t know whether to
go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。
② 与or not连用时。
I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.
他能否准时来,我说不准。
(3)疑问词引导的宾语从句:
此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问
词引导。wh-
词包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when,
how,
why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。例如:
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay
here.
2、宾语从句的三个注意事项
1)语序:宾语从句要用陈述语序,
原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和
动词的变化等。
把这两个简单句合成一个复合句:
Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →
_____________________________________________
_______
Did you get home very late? He asked
me.→
________________________________________
__________
2)时态:如果主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
My
teacher says he will be back in a week.
My
teacher says he has seen the movie.
如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
My father said he
was watching TV at that time.
My father said
the he had already seen the movie.
如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时,用一般现在时。
Our teacher
told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.
我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。
3) 否定转移:
主句的主语如果是第一人称,从句的否定要转移到主句中,其反意疑问句与从句一致。
例如:
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute.
I don’t believe he did this, did he?
二、定语从句
用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰名词或代
词的后面,这
个名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的连接词称为关系代词或者关系副词。关系代
词在从句中代表先行词可以作主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词代表先行词在从句中可
以作状语。
关系词 词形
who
whom
关系代词 which
that
whose
when
关系副词 where
why
所修饰的先行词
人
人
物
人、物
人、物
时间名词
地点名词
原因名词
在从句中所作的成分
主语、宾语、表语
宾语
主语、宾语、表语
主语、宾语、表语
定语
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
1. 选出正确的关系代词或关系副词的关键:①看所修饰的是人还是物
;②看它所代表的先
行词在定语从句中做什么成分。例如:
Do you know the
man whothat sells eggs to me?
(先行词是“the
man”,在从句中作主语,用who that)
Your father was not on
the train that which arrived just now.
(先行词是物,用whichthat,在从句中作主语)
This is the book
(which that) you wanted.
(先行词是物,用whichthat,在从句中作宾语,可省)
Do you know the
boy whose father is a doctor?
(先行词是人,whose代表“男孩的”,在从句中作定语)
You can go home
where you can have a rest.
(先行词是地点,where相当于at home,在从句中作地点状语)
Do you
remember the year when we were hungry every day?
Do you know the reason why she didn’t come to
our party?
(先行词是原因,why相当于for the
reason,在从句中作原因状语)
2. 引导词作宾语时可以省略。例如:
Have you seen the book (that) I gave you
yesterday?
3. 引导词在定语从句中作主语,不能省略。例如:
Do you know the man who is speaking to your
father?
(先行词是时间,when相当于in the
year,在从句中作时间状语)
三、状语从句
用作状语的句子叫状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词。
状语从句可以在句首,
也可以在句尾,根据其用途可分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句
、结果状
语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句,比较状语从句等。
1. 时间状语从句:时
间状语从句表示时间,常用连接词有:when(当……时),while(当……
时),as(当……
时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自从),
until(
直到), as soon as(一……就),once(一旦……就)等。例如:
I
didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
I can listen to the radio while I work.
注意:
① 时间状语从句中,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I will
telephone you when he comes.
I’ll stay here
until you come back.
②
when引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生,从句的谓语
可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词。例如:
He was
working when I went in.
When she heard the
news, she began to cry.
while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词,意思是“在……期间”。
They rushed in while we were singing.
我们唱歌时,他们冲进来。
as引导状语从句,强调同时发生,不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边……一边”。
John sings as he walks home.
③
while还可以表示两者之间的对比关系。
I like playing football,
while Tom likes listening to music.
④
since引导状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。
We have been
friends since we met in Beijing.
It has been
six years since she left school.
2. 地点状语
从句:地点状语从句表示地点。其连接词有where(哪里),wherever(无论
哪里)等。
Put it where you find it.
You can sit
wherever you like.
3.
原因状语从句:原因状语从句表示原因或者理由。其连接词有:because(因为),as
(因
为),since(既然)等。
I often eat carrots
because they are good for my health.
As I
don’t know the way, I had to ask the policeman.
注意:
① because表示因果关系语气最强,常用来回答why提出的问题。
I didn’t tell them because they were too
young.
② because和so不能同在一个句子里。
Because the
book was expensive, I didn’t buy it. (I 前不用so)
4.
结果状语从句:表示结果。其连接词有:so…that…(如此……以致……),so
that(结
果),such… that…(如此……以致……)等。
It’s such
a good chance that you can’t miss it.
注意:
so…that 和 such …that
都可以引导结果状语从句,注意so和such后面所接的
词不同。
① such...
that
such+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句
such+形容词+复数名词不可数名词+that从句
He was such an honest man that
he was praised by the teacher.
They are such
interesting novels that I want to read them once
again.
He had so many falls that he was black
and blue all over.
③ so ... that
so+形容词/副词.+that从句
so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that从句
He runs so fast
that nobody can catch up with him.
Dr. Wang
is so good that everybody loves and respects him.
=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves
and respects him.
=He is such a good doctor
that everybody loves and respects him.)
5. 目的状语从句:表示目的。其连接词有:so(以便),so that(为了),in
order that
(为了)等,从句中多用情态动词can, will, may,
should 等。
He got up very early so that he
could catch the first train.
6.
条件状语从句:条件状语从句表示条件。其连接词有:if(如果),unless
(如果不,
除非),as long as(只要)等。
If it is fine
tomorrow, we will go swimming. 如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。
注意:
① 条件状语从句中,要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Unless
it rains, the game will be played. 如果不下雨,比赛就将进行。
② unless意思相当于if…not…。
7.
让步状语从句:常由thoughalthough (虽然),even if though
(即使)等引导。
Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.
1. I don’t know
if you come to my party tomorrow.
〔解析〕本题是考查宾语
从句的时态用法,从句子的意思理解是if引导的宾语从句,要用
一般将来时,此题误用作状语从句了。
所以应把come改为will can come。
2. Can you tell me
where does he study English?
〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的语序的
用法,特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序,所
以把助动词does去掉,而且因为从句主语是he,
还要把study变成studies。
②
但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little(少)等词修饰,则用so。例如:
突飞猛进—
过手训练
3. My
teacher told me that light traveled faster than
the sound.
〔解析〕本题是考查宾语从句的时态用法。宾语从句是表示客观真理(即光速比
声速快),
所以宾语从句用一般现在时,而不受主句时态的影响。所以要把traveled改为tra
vels。
4. They are the people and books who you
want to learn.
〔解析〕本题是考查定语从句的引导词用法,定语从句的先行词既有人
和也有物,所以引
导词要用人和物共用的that,不能用who或者which。所以要把who改为
that。
5. He got to school early if he could
clean the classroom.
〔解析〕本题是考查表示目的的状语从句的连接词的用法
。if引导条件状语从句,而此句
应该用连接词so that引导目的状语从句。所以把if改为so
that。
T-shirt is so
cool. Could you tell me________?
A. where you
buy it B. where do you buy it
C.
where you bought it D. where did you buy
it
2. I can't forget the time ________ the
earthquake happened in Yushu.
A. when B.
which C. that D. where
3. If the child
_______, please telephone the police.
A.
found B. is found C. was found
D. has found
4. I hurried _______I wouldn't
be late for class.
A. so B. so that
C. if D. unless
5. This is my beautiful
school ________ is near the famous library.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
6.
Friends are those ________ make you smile,always
open their hearts to you and
encourage you to
succeed.
A. which B. what C. whom
D. who
7. —Does anyone know ________?
—I
hear that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he
is B. when he was born
C. where
he comes from D. which country is he from
8. I don't know if Jack ________. If he
________, call me, please.
A. will come; will
comes B. comes; come
C. comes; will come
D. will come; comes
9. The TV play is about a
true story ________ happened in Mianyang in 1998.
A. it B. what C. that
D. when
ine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C.
has never been D. had never been
突飞猛进—
过手训练
11. We
______ TV when the telephone ________.
A.
watched, was ringing B. were watching, rang
C. were watching, rings D. are
watching, rang
12. Do you like music ______
makes you relaxed?
A. it B. what
C. who
13. —Do you know ________ the MP4
yesterday?
—Sorry. I've no idea about it.
A. how much did he pay for B. how much he
paid for
C. he paid for how much D.
he paid how much for
14. Is that the man
________ helped us a lot after the earthquake?
A. where B. which C. when
D. who
15. He met many problems ________ he
was going over his lessons.
A. before
B. as soon as C. since D .while
16. I don't know _________ the day after
tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how
will he come
C. if he comes D.
whether he'll come
17. ________ well you
drive, you must drive carefully.
A. No matter
where B. In order that C. No matter
how D. As soon
as
18. We have to get
up at 7:15 tomorrow morning, ________ we will be
late for the 7:40 train.
A. before B.
or C. if D. so
19. Do you know
what time _________?
A. the train leave
B. does the train leave C. will the train leave
D. the train
leaves
20. I don't know
_________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how
the two players are old B. how old are the
two players
C. the two players are how old
D. how old the two players are
21.Sorry, we
don't have the coat ________ you need.
A. what
B. who C. whom D. which
22. It's a
serious problem. We can't decide ________ comes
back.
A. while B. since C .until
D. so
23. It's snowing outside! Put on more
clothes, ________ you may catch a cold.
A. and
B. but C. or D. though
24. The
policeman asked me ________ at this time
yesterday.
A. what was I doing B. what
did I do C. what I was doing D. what I do
25. ______China is growing stronger and
stronger, Chinese is taught in more and more
countries.
A. If B. Unless
C. As D. Although
26.—Tommy, do you
know if Frank _______ to the theatre with us this
Sunday if it ________?
D. that
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A.
will go; is fine B. goes; is fine
C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes;
will be fine
27. Could you ring me up as soon
as he ______?
A. arrived B. would
arrive C. arrives D. will arrive
28. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she
can D. she may
29. Linda said the moon___
round the earth.
A. travelled B. has
travelled C. travels D. had travelled
30. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to
our English teacher?
---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our
maths teacher.
A. he B. that
C. whom D. which
31. I hate the people
________ don’t help others when they are in
trouble.
A. who B. which C. they
D. where
32. The foreigner _________ visited
our school is from Canada.
A. which
B. when C. who D. whom
33. George
Mallory was an English school teacher _______
loved climbing.
A. who B. whom
C. he D. which
34. This is the place
____I have ever visited.
A. there
B. when C. where D. which
35. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t
come to the meeting.
A. that B.
which C. why D. when
36. The
moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C.
where D. why
37. He has forgotten
the day _______ he arrived.
A. when
B. where C. that D. which
38. He still remembers the days ______ he
spent with your family.
A. when B.
where C. that D. on which
39.
Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the
policeman.
A. who B. that
C. whose D. which
40. He got to the
village _______ his family once lived before
liberation.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
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