教务处英语-床单是什么意思
一般过去时的讲解
一. 教学目标:一般过去时
二.
教学重难点:一般过去时(用法、动词过去式的变化规则等)
实义动词do一般过去时的讲解
三. 教学步骤:
(一)
般过去时的概念
一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发
生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性
的动作。谓语动词要用动
词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday昨天、la
st
night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年,等。
(二)
一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)
1.
Be动词的一般过去时
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am
is
的过去式为was; are的过去式为were
肯定句式:主语 + be(was ,
were) + 其它.
否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not +
其它.
一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?
注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was
were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。
2.
实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和
疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.
肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它
否定句式:主语 + didn’t +
动词(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】
一般疑问句:Did + 主语+
动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均
为did】?
注:1.
did和didn’t 是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在
其后跟动词的原形。
2. 实意动词do的一般过去时
I do my homework every
day.(用yesterday改写句子)
I did my homework
yesterday.
I didn’t do my homework
yesterday.(否定句)
Did you do your homework
yesterday?Yes ,I
did. No, I didn’t.(一般疑问句)
3.
情态动词的一般过去时态
含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动
词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。
肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它
否定句式:主语 + 情态动词
+ not + 其它.
一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?
注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must
,
will-would,should-should。 4.
特殊疑问句式:
特殊疑问词+be过去
式+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问词+dodoes过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
What was your
former name? 你以前叫什么名字?
Why was he late for
school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?
What could she
do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?
(三)
一般过去时
的判断标志词一般过去时的判断标志词一般过去时的
判断标志词一般过去时的判断标志词
yesterday , the day before
yesterday , last +
时间 , this morning 时间 + ago , just now ,
a
moment ago , in + 过去的时间 ,
注意:一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often经
常,
always总是,once a week一周一次,等表示频度的时间状语连
用
(四)规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加
-ed。 look→looked
play→played start→started
visit→visited pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加
-d。 live→lived
use→used taste-tasted
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y
改为i ,再加
–ed。 study→studied try→tried
fly→fli
ed
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有
一个辅
音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加
–ed。
stop→stopped plan→planned stop-stopped
p
refer→preferred
5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。
如:am(is)-was, are-were(是),
become _became
(成为) go-went(走), (买) buy --bought,
sell--
sold(卖)come-came(来), take-took(拿), have
(has)-had
(有), begin(开始)--began,
bring(拿来)--brought, can(能)
--could,
catch(捉住)--caught, cut(砍,割)
--cut,
dodoes(做,干)--did, draw(画画,拉)--drew,
drink
(喝)--drank, drive(驾驶)--drove,
eat(吃)--ate, fall
(跌倒,落下)--fell,
feel(感觉)--felt, fly(飞)
--flew,
get(获得)--got, give(给)---gave,
grow(生
长)--grew, keep(保持)--kept,
know(知道,认识)
--knew, learn(学习)--learnt, leave
(离开)--left, let
(让)--let, lie(躺,平放)--lay,
make(使得,做)--made, may
(可以)--might,
must(必须)--must, read(读)--read, ride
(骑)--rode, ring (鸣铃)--rang, run(跑)--ran,
say
说)--said, see (看见)--saw, sell (卖)--sold,
send(送)
--sent, set (放)--set,
sing(唱歌)--sang, sit (坐)
--sat, sleep
(睡觉)--slept, speak(说话)--spoke, spend
(花
费)--spent, stand (站立)--stood, swim
(游泳)--swam, teach
(教)--taught, tell
(告诉)--told, think(认为)
--thought,
throw(投掷)--threw, understand(懂得)
--understood,
wear(穿)--wore, will(将要)--would,
win
(获胜)--won, (弯曲) bend --bent, blow
--blew(吹),选择 choose
chose ,
(五)一般过去时的基本用法
① 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He suddenly fell ill last night.
他昨晚突然病倒了。
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
She
went to the cinema once a month when she was at
alked by the
riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。
③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事
She got up early,
fetched water, cleaned the room and then went
out for a walk. 她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。
(六)课后练习
一般过去时练习题,.请用正确动词形式填空
1. He
(live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat
(eat) a bird last night.
3. We (have) a
party last Halloween. 4
4. Nancy (pick)
up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I
(make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6.
They (play) chess in the classroom last PE
lesson.
7. My mother (cook) a nice
food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls
(dance) at the party last night.
1. 9.
I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last
week.
10. ______ you _______ (visit) your
relatives last Spring
Festival?
11.
______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he
______.
12. Gao Shan _______ (put) up the
picture last night.
13. I ____________
(sweep) the floor yesterday.
1. 14. 14. What
______ she _______ (find) in the garden last
morning?
15. Her father _______ (read) a
newspaper last night.
16. Mike
_________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock
last
night.
17. I listened but ___________
(hear) nothing.
18. How many people ________
(be) there in your class last term?
II. 改错题
1.How is Jane yesterday? _____________________
2.He go to school by bus last week.
____________________________
often
goes home at 6:00 last month.
____________________________
4.I can fly
kites seven years ago.
______________________________
you saw him
just now. ____________________________________
三、按要求变换句型。
1. Frank read an interesting
book about history. (一般疑问句)
_______ Frank
_______ an interesting book about history?
2.
He cleaned his room just now.. (划线提问) What________
he
_______?
3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this
book. (否定句)
Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10
on this book.
4. My family went to the beach
last week. (划线提问)
________ ________
________ family _______ last week?
1. I
_________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her
guitar yesterday? No, she
_________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on
Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and
__________(read) an interesting book.
4. They
all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday
morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt
last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and
_________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________
you _________(write) this song? I
__________(write)
it last year.
7. My
friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test
and
________(practice) English last night.
8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project
on Monday morning?
Yes, he _________.
9.
How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be
not) bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a
sales assistant last year? No. she
__________.
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