怂恿怎么读-我听不懂用英语怎么说
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1.首先关系代词which在定语从句
指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语
或定语,既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。
1. 1. 引导限制性定语从句
E.g: A shop should keep
a stock of those goods wh
ich sell best.
商店应存有最畅销的货物。
1.2. 引导非限制性定语从句。
( 1
)用来指代一个句子。
E.g:Internet is so interesting,
which makes all poss
ible happen.
因特网是如此有趣,它使任何事都有可能发
生。
( 2 )用来指代句子的一部分。
E.g:When deep in thought, which he often was,
he w
ould forget all around him.
他常常陷入沉思,这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
( 3
)如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句,第二个 which 前要
加 and.
E.g:He bought a book, which was written by Lu
Xun, and which he decided to give to his
friend.
他买了本鲁迅写的书,他决定送给朋友。
和that在定语从句中的区别
2.1使用that的情况:
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1)当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all,
each等不定
代词时。
E.g: Do you have anything that
is important to tell me?
2)当先行词被all, any,
some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
E.g: I have
some books that are very good.
3)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
E.g:This is the
first book that I bought myself.
The
biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
4)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
E.g: Which is the
bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was
praised at the meeting.
5)当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.
E.g:China
is no longer the country that she was.
6)如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .
E.g:Edison built up a factory which produced
things that had
never been seen before.
7)在there be句型中,只用that.
E.g:He asked for
the latest book (that) there is on the subject.
8)当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only
等词修饰
时。
E.g: This is the very book that I
lost yesterday.
9)当先行词又有人又有物时。
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E.g: I won’t forget the things and the
persons that I saw.
2.2 只能使用which的情况:
1)非限制性定语从句中。
E.g: Mary has a book, which
is very precious.
2)在介词之后。
E.g:This is a
house in which lives an old man.
3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
E.g: That dog which I
found in the street belongs to Mary.
3.定语从句中as和which的区别
3.1
as引导的定语从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、依据、解
释或评论。具有下列特点:
1)as用于引导定语从句时,具有“正如……、像……、由……而知”
等语义。如:
E.g:He was strongly against the plan,as could
be expected.
正如所料,他强烈反对这项计划。
2)as引导的定语从句在
语义上要和主句保持一致,而which可不一
定,如果语义不一致,则要用which来替代as。如
:
E.g:He married again,as(which)was natural.
他又结婚了,这是自然的。
3)as引导的定语从句,其先行词可由以下词来修饰,the
same /
such /as等。也可以由which来改写,但不可直接替换。
E.g:This is the same sum as was spent in that
year on private
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motoring.=This is the sum which was spent in
that year on
private motoring.
这与那年用于私人汽车所花的费用相同。
4)as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之后,
也可放在主句之前。
但which只能放在主句之后。如:
E.g:As we have
seen,oceans cover more than 70%of the earth.
如我们所见,海洋覆盖地球70%多的面积。
E.g:He seemed a
foreigner,which in fact he was.
他看上去像个外国人,事实上他就是。
5)as在定语从句中作宾语时,从句的谓语动词常是see /watch /
know
/hear等表示感知的动词,且谓语动词前带有情态动词can /
could
/may等,此外常用的动词还有say /tell /remember等。
E.g:It
was true,as everybody could know.
这是真的,大家都知道。
6)as在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词可以是及物动词的被动语
态,也可以是be或其它
连系动词。如是不及物动词,则不存在以上
关系。可以说as often hap-
pens(appears)等。
E.g;He came back yesterday,as
was expected.
他如期昨日返回。
3.2 which引导的此类从句,是对
主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,
表明事物的状态或结果。一般有下列特点:
1)如果定语从句的谓语是行为动词的主动语态,且关系代词在从句
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中作主语时,一般要用which,这时which可以用 and
that改写为
并列句。
E.g:Things then greatly
changed,which surprised us.=Things
then
greatly changed,and that surprised us.
那时事情巨变,使我们惊讶。
2)由“介词+关系代词”引导的关系分句多用于正式文体中,常用“介
词+
which”,不用“介词+as”。
E.g:They tried to think of
a plan by which they could finish
their task
ahead of time.
他们试图想个计划,以便提前完成任务。
3.3
在与上述几条不冲突的情况下,as和which可以换用。
E.g:A horse is a
useful animal,as /which everybody knows.
众所周知,马是有用的动物。
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