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定语从句的用法并翻译例句
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词
或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行
词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代
词
包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,
when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时
又作定语从句
的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that
用于指人或指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
Mary
likes music that is quiet and gentle.(that作主语)
译:____________________________________________
_________________
The coat(that)I put on the
desk is blue.(that作宾语)
译:_________________
____________________________________________
用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
The
building which stands near the train station is a
supermarket.作主语)
译:__________________________
___________________________________
The
film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.(作宾语)
译:____________________________________________
_________________
,whom用于指人,who
用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who
代替whom, 也可省略。
The girl who often helps me with my English is
from England.(作主语)
译:_________________________
____________________________________
Who is
the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?(作宾语)
译:________________________________________________
_____________
【注意】
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,w
ho,that,which可省略,但介词在关
系代词前时,只能用“介词+whichwhom”结
构。
This is the house in which we lived last
year.
译:____________________________________
_________________________
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
This is the person whom you are looking for.
译:___________________________________________
__________________
(3)that
作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
The
city that she lives in is very far away.
译:__
__________________________________________________
_________
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行
词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,
只能用that,而不
用which.
He was the first person that passed
the exam.
译:________________________________
_____________________________
b.被修饰的先行词为all,
any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the
one
等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.
Is there
anything that you want to buy in the shop?
译
:_________________________________________________
____________
c.先行词被the only, the very, the
same, the last, little, few
等词修饰时,只能用
that,而不用which.
This is the same
bike that I lost.
译:_________________________
____________________________________
d.
先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.
I can
remember well the persons and some pictures that I
saw in the room.
译:_______________________
______________________________________
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.
Who is the girl that is crying?
译:___________
__________________________________________________
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
译:____________________________________________
_________________
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
译:_____
__________________________________________________
______
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.
What?s that which is under the desk?
译:________________________________________________
_____________
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.
This is the room in which he lives.
译
:_________________________________________________
____________
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
This was
the time when he arrived.
译:_________________
____________________________________________
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
This is
place where he works.
译:_____________________
________________________________________
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
Nobody
knows the reason why he is often late for school.
译:____________________________________________
_________________
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