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定语从句中的that和which的用法
引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which
(指物),who
(指人).指人时可用that或who ;指物时可
用that 或which 。
Th
at和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语
时可以省略。指物时,两者一般可以互换,但在
下列情况
下只能用that:
1) 当先行词是all ,any ,anything
,everything ,nothing
或被它们修饰时.例如:
Is there
anything that I can do for you
有什么可以为你做的吗
All that can be done must be done .
凡是能做的都必须做.
2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时.例如:
That is one of the most interesting books that
are sold in
the bookshop .
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一.
The first thing that we
should do is to get some food .
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的.
3)当先行词有:the only ,the very
,the same ,the last 等
修饰时.例如:
My
necklace is not the only thing that's missing .
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西.
4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词
用that ,不用which
或who .以避免重复.例如:
Who is the girl that is
wearing a red coat
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁
5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that .例如:
The writer and
his novel that you have just talked about
are
really well known .
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名.
请注意: 以下几种只能使用which的情况:
1.
引导非限制性定语从句,用which。
2.在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词必须用
which。
如: The
house in which we live is very large.
我们住的
房子非常大。
This is the reference book of
which the teacher is
speaking.
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意:
如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的
句首, which就可换为that, 例如:
This is the question
whichthat we've had so
much discussion about. =This is the
question about which we've had so much
discussion. 这就是
我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
3.
先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时, 关系
代词通常只用which而不用that。
如:you should grasp well those skills which may
be used
in the future work.
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