up的短语-失怎么读
名词性从句易混点剖析
名词性从句是高考语法考查的热点之一,几
乎在历年
各地的高考试卷中都有涉及。而不少同学往往因为分不清从
句之间的细微差别而不能正
确把握其结构,从而导致考试丢
分。笔者在此就名词性从句中的几大易混点进行分析,帮助
同学
们攻克名词性从句的重难点。
[易混点一 连接代词和连接副词的误用]
名词性从句的连接代词包括who,whom,whose,what,
which,wh
oever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever
等,在从
句中充当主语、表语、宾语;连接副词包括when,
where,why,how,whenever
,wherever,however等,在从
句中主要充当各种状语。
例1 She
asked me _______ I had returned the books to the
library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
解析
C。句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我
承认我还没有还。
例2 My
uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I
live.
解析 that→where。本题考查宾语从句,引导词在从句中
充当地点状语,所以将that改为where。
点拨 若从句缺少主语、宾
语、表语或定语,则考虑用
连接代词;若从句缺少时间、地点、原因、方式等状语成分,
则使用
连接副词。
[易混点二 what和that的误用]
例3 The
manager put forward a suggestion ________ we
should have an assistant. There is too much
work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D.
what
解析 B。句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。
要做的工作太多了
。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容。
同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的,that不作
成分,只起连
接作用。
例4 Eventually, I decided to
follow her and _______
happened truly amazed
me.
解析 what。句意:发生的事情真让我很惊讶。设空处无
提示词,分析从句
的结构可知,从句缺少主语,且指代的是
物,可判断应填what引导主语从句。
点拨
解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构,知
道设空的含义以及充当的成分,从而选择正确的引导词。
[易混点三 if和whether的误用]
if和whether在名词性从句
中不充当成分,不可省略。
在表达是否这一含义时,我们经常用whether或if来引导名
词性从句,但以下几种情况只用whether不用if:
1.
在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中
2. 在介词后的宾语从句中。如:
It all depends on whether they will support us.
3. 在不定式之前。如:
He doesn’t know whether
to stay or not.
4. 从句中有or not时。如:
He
doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.
例5 The doctor can hardly answer the question if
the old
man will recover soon.
解析
if→whether。question后为同位与从句,只能用
whether来引导。
[易混点四 wh-ever的误用]
名词性从句中的wh-ever形式,包含
连接代词whoever,
whomever,whosever,whatever,whichev
er和连接副词
whenever,wherever,however等,同学们必须分清他们的含<
br>义和用法。
例6 Your support is important to
our work. ________ you
can do helps.
A.
However B. Whoever
C. Whatever D. Wherever
解析 C。考查主?Z从句。本题中,helps是谓语,you can
do是主语部分,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语,whatever
引导主语从句,同时作do的宾
语。句意:你能做的任何事
都有帮助。因此用whatever引导。
例7
Every year, _______ makes the most beautiful kite
will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever
C. whomever D.
whichever
解析
B。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人
将会在风筝节获奖。
注意 wh-
ever在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-
替换,但在引导状语从句时可以。如:
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
=No matter what happened, he would not mind.
点拨 连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从
句时,
相当于anyone who,anything that等;引导让步状语
从句时,相当于no
matter whowhatwhich。
[易混点五 与其他从句混淆]
不少同学在学习使用名词性从句时,经常将它与其他从
句,尤其是与定语从句以及强调句搞混。那么,我
们应如何
弄清楚他们之间的区别呢?
1. 主语从句与定语从句混淆
例8 21. It is often the case ______ anything is
possible for
those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
解析 D。考查主
?Z从句。本句中it是形式主语.真正的
主语是连接词that做引导的主语从句,连接词that在
本句中
不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已。句意:对那些心存
希望的人而言,一切皆有可能
。
请同学们比较:
It is often the case that
anything is possible for those who
hang on to
hope.
As is often the case, anything is
possible for those who
hang on to hope.
What is often the case is that anything is
possible for those
who hang on to hope.
第一句为主语从句,it作形式主语;第二句为as引导非
限制性定语从句,指代整个主句内容;第三句
为what引导的
主语从句,what在句中充当主语。
2.
同位语从句与定语从句混淆
例9 During their trip in
Chinatown, Judy and Nick know
the fact which
people mainly from America, Singapore, and
Canada, Vietnam are living here.
解析
which→that。句意:在他们到中国城的旅行中,Judy
and
Nick了解到住在这里的人主要来自美国、新加坡、加拿
大和越南等地。the
fact后的从句对the
fact起说明作用,应
该是同位语从句,且从句句意完整,故应用that。
定语从
句与同位语从句:二者前通常都有名词或代词,
但定语从句起修饰、限定作用;同位语从句起解释、说明
作
用。试比较:
Judy and Nick are surprised at
the fact that Canada is such
an empty country.
Judy and Nick are surprised at the fact that
shows Canada
is an empty country.
第一句中,
that后的句子说明fact的内容,且句子意思
完整,连接词只起连接作用,引导同位语从句;第二
句that
后的句子起修饰限定的作用,横线上的词在句子中作show
的主语,引导定语从句
。
3. 名词性从句与强调句混淆
例10 11. It was when
I got back to my apartment ______ I
first came
across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C.
which D. that
解析
D。句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我第一次遇
见了我的新邻居。本句去掉it
was和空格,句意完整,所以
本句是强调句型,强调的是时间状语when I got back
to my
apartment,应用that。同学们切不可误认为此句是主语从句,
将i
t当作形式主语。
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