MUMPS-英语句子摘抄
名词性从句中要注意的几个问题
一.名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致、语序
主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and 连接两个或两
个
以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,
谓语动词用单数。
如:
When the meeting will begin has not been
decided yet.
When they will start and where
they go have not been decided yet.
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
He asked me what was
the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that
well move into the new house.
二.名词demand,
suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,
结构为 should + do, should 可省略
gave me a
suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.
suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will
be discussed tomorrow.
三.whateverwhoever 的功用:
Whateverwhoever可引导主语,宾语,表语从句,并在从句中做主语,宾语,表语。这种
用法中,whateverwhoever 不含疑问意义。Whatever=anything
that; whoever=anyone who
1. Whoever breaks the
law is to be punished.
Anyone who breaks the
law is to be punished.
2. They will do
whatever he wants them to do.
They will do
anything that he wants them to do.
疑问词 +
ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别:
①疑问词 +
ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever breaks
the rule must be punished.
You can choose
whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 +
ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoever breaks the rule, he
must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must
do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be
punished.
No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever
四.几个固定句式:
① 强调句 It iswas
+强调部分+that…….(如果强调部分是疑问词)
Who is it that spoke
first?
When was it that they came here?
②
关于doubt
sb. doubt ifwhether…..
sb.
don’tdoesn’t that …….
There is no doubt that
…….
There is no doubt that he will win the
game.
③ 疑问词+do you think+(用陈述句语序)
Who do
you think we invited to give us the talk?
名词性从句常见错误例析
1.【误】 He will come
back surprises all of us.
【正】 That he
will come back surprises all of us.
【析】
that引导名词性从句时,尽管无意义也不充当成分,但除了在动词后引导单个宾语
从句时可省略外,其它情况不能省略。
2.【误】 That he really means is what he doesn’t
agree with us.
【正】 What he really means is
that he doesn’t agree with us.
【析】 that和wha
t均可引导名词性从句,区别在于:what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语
或表语,而that在名词性
从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用。误句的主语从句应该用what
作means的宾语,表语从句中
应该用that,that在从句中不作任何成分。
3.【误】 The news which
our team had won pleased everyone.
【正】 The
news that our team had won pleased everyone.
【析】 which在此句中不充当成分,说明从句不是定语从句而是同位语从句。同位语从句不
能用which引导,故改为that。
4.【误】 The reason why
he failed in the exam was because he was too
careless.
【正】 The reason why he failed in
the exam was that he was too careless.
【析】
主语为reason时,引导表语从句的关联词一般用that,不用because,构成The
reason
whyfor whichthatfor . . . is that . . .
句型。because引导名词性从句只用于
ItThisThat is because . .
. 结构。
5.【误】 It is unknown that where we
will have the meeting.
【正】 It is unknown
where we will have the meeting.
【析】
名词性从句一般只能用一个引导词,连接词that与连接副词不可并用。
6.【误】 The
problem is when will he come back.
【正】 The
problem is when he will come back.
【析】
名词性从句应该用陈述句语序,即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”。
7.【误】 Could you tell me which was the way to the
Science Museum?
【正】 Could you tell me
which is the way to the Science Museum?
【析】
当主句为过去时态的时候,宾语从句中要用过去的某种时态。但该句中的could不
是表示过去,而是
表示一种委婉的语气,故宾语从句中的谓语动词应用一般时态。
8.【误】 If he is an
engineer is unknown.
【正】 Whether he is an
engineer is unknown.
【析】
if不能用来引导主语从句,在表示“是否”这一意义时要用whether。
9.【误】
I have been worrying about if I have hurt her
feelings.
【正】 I have been worrying about
whether I have hurt her feelings.
【析】 if和w
hether引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换。但介词后的宾语从句及主语从句、
表语从句、同位语从句
只能用whether引导。
10.【误】 What he needs
are enough time and what I need is enough books.
【正】 What he needs is enough time and what
I need are enough books.
【析】 名词性从句作主语时,谓语动
词常用单数。但what引导主语从句时,若表语为单
数名词或不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数;若表语
为可数名词复数,则谓语动词常用复数。
11.【误】 No matter who comes
to visit the exhi-bition is welcome.
【正】
Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.
【析】 “No matter + 疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,“wh- +
ever”既可引导
让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。
12.【误】 I’ll make known to all that you were not
honest.
【正】 I’ll make it known to all
that you were not honest.
【析】 当宾语从句前有形容词或
名词作宾补时,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语从
句后置。其句式为:主语 + 动词 +
形式宾语it + 宾补(形容词或名词)+ 宾语从句。又如:
I found it quite
pleasant that I worked with him.
13.【误】
He is said that he has gone to America.
【正】 It is said that he has gone to America.
【析】 It is said that是一固定句型,it为形式主语,不可用其他词代替。
14. 【误】 My suggestion is that we will
learn more words by heart.
【正】 My
suggestion is that we should learn more words by
heart.
【析】 主语为suggestion, advice, order,
proposal等名词时,表语从句要用虚拟语
气,即用“(should)+
动词原形”的结构。这些名词的同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。
15.【误】 Why we
decided to put off the meeting is because we had
some difficulty in
preparing it.
【正】Why
we decided to put off the meeting is that we had
some difficulty in preparing
it.
【析】why引导主语从句时,表语从句要用that引导。
练习一: 单句改错
the earth turns around the sun are known to all.
the meeting will be held haven’t been known
yet.
3.I didn’t know that you will come.
said that he is writing a story.
you tell me
when will he arrive?
can begin to see why
does English have such strange rules.
练习二:用that what填空:
1.______ he wants
is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is
obvious.
result is ______ we won the game.
is _____ we want to know.
_____
he told us true ?
should pay attention to
______ the teacher is
saying.
7. I have
no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea
_____ he did that afternoon.
9._____ has made
China_____ it is now.
用if whether填空
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.______ we will hold a party in the open air
tomorrow depends on the weather.
3.
We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I
don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I
don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The
question is _________ he should do it.
doctor
can hardly answer the question
______ the
old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know
_______ to go.
9.______ you are not free
tomorrow, I’ll go without you.
用that (
that)填空:
1.I don’t think ________ she is
coming.
is a pity ________ he has made such a
mistake.
reason is _________ he is careless .
news ________ our team won the match
inspired us.
5.I don’t think it necessary
_________ you should
read English aloud.
told me __________ his father had died
and __________ he had to make a living alone.
用that whether where how填空
1. I have no
idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t
answer the question ________ he
got the
money.
gave us many suggestions ________ we
should get up earlier and take more
exercise.
4.I have no doubt ________ he will
win.
5. I have some doubt ________ he will
win.
练习三:区别同位语从句定语从句
expressed the
hope that they had expressed.
2. We expressed
the hope that they would come to China again.
information has been announced that more middle
school graduates will be admitted
into
university.
information that he revealed at
the meeting is of great value.
5 I heard about
the news that he got a full mark in this
examination.
6. This is good news that I
heard from Mary.
7. He can’t answer the
question how he got the money.
8. This is an
easy question that he answered in class.
练习五: 名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系:
1. He has done what
he can to help me.
--He has done ____
____ he can to help me.
2. What I want to say
has nothing to do with it.
--____ ____ I
want to say has nothing to do
with it.
3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.
______ ______ breaks the law is to be
punished.
4. He will give the dictionary to
whoever needs if most.
He will give the
dictionary to ______ ____ needs it most.
5.
We’ll remember whomever we turned to for help.
We’ll remember ______ ________ we turned to
for help.
6. They will do whatever he wants
them to do.
They will do ______ ______he wants
them to do.
7. I’ll read whichever book you
give me.
I’ll read ____ of the books _____
you give me.
练习四:
now appears ______
they are in need of help.
A. that
B. which C. what D. how
is good news ______ they will arrive in a few
days.
A. which B. what
C. that D. how
______ Joe drives
badly.
A. thought that
B. thinks that
C. is thought what
D. is thought that
______ he is late for
class.
A. may that
B. might that
C. may be that
D. might be what
is ______ she was born.
A. where B. which C. that
D. what
question is ______ we can’t go there
today.
A. that B. what
C. which D. when
question is ______
it is worth doing.
A. if
B. whether C. which D. what
reason he has made such great progress is _______
he has never wasted his time.
A. because
B. why C. that D. what
suggestion is ______ we should turn the land
into rice fields.
A. what B.
that C. which D. where
proposal is that the dam ______ at the
foot of the mountain.
A. build
B. will build C. be built D. will be
built
advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep B. would keep C.
keeps D. kept
12.______ knows the
truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that
B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who
all
know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that B. which C.
what D. whether
heard the news
______ our team had won.
A. which
B. that C. what
problem
______ it is right or wrong has not yet been
decided.
A. which B. that
C. whether
must do well ______ the
teacher asks you to do.
A. which
B. what C. that
D. where
D. if
D. where
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