布的英文-区域模型
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语
、介词
宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、
表语从句和同位语从句。
一. 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常
放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it
代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It
作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语
从句的连接词没有变化。而
it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都
可用连词that。
被强调部分指人时也可用whowhom。例如:
a) It
is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me
whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took
place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)
d) It is John
that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)
2.
用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that
…是常识
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句
It is
natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句
It seems
that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句
It is
reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if
引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said
reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It is
said that President Jiang will visit our school
next week.
错误表达:That President Jiang
will visit our school next week is said.
(3)It happensoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the
examination.
错误表达:That he failed in
the examination occurred to him.
(4)It
doesn’t matter howwhether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t
matter.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the
evening?
错误表达:Is that will rain in the
evening likely?
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that
则
不然。例如:
a) What you said yesterday is
right.
b) That she is still alive is a
consolation
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词)
或介词
之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1)
由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:
I
heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
a) She did not know what had
happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder
whether you can change this note for me.
我想知道你是否能帮我改
一下笔记。
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my
invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语,例如:
Our success depends upon how well we can
cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决
于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
I am afraid (that)
I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware,
certain, confident,
convinced, determined,
glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful,
ashamed, disappointed,
annoyed, pleased, hurt,
satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that
从句的看作原因状语从
句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that
从句则放在句尾,
特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it
that she would get married next month.
我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force,
admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love,
help, take,
forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语
从句。如:
正确表达:I admire their winning the match.
错误表达:I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,
accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame,
denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
正确表达:He
impressed the manager as an honest man.
错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an
honest man.
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect,
fancy, guess, imagine等,
其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转
移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
例如:
I don’t think
this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主
语+连系动词
+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain,
seem等。引导表语从句的that
常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is
that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:
1) The question
is whether we can make good preparation in such a
short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the
support of the people.
3) But the fact remains
that we are behind the other classes.
4) The
reason he is late for school is that he missed the
early bus.
四. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.
同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1)
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set
free surprised all the people.
2) The
order that all the soldiers should stay still is
given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
He got
the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put
off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词
,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位
语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句
的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以
限定,描述定的性质或特
征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would
go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年
将出国。)(第一个that
引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom
would go abroad is told by
him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语
从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
英语名词性从句专项练习
1.____he does has nothing to
do with me.
A. whatever B. No matter what
C. That D. If
2. The manager came over and
asked the customer how____
A. did the
quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come
about
C. had the quarrel come about D.
had the quarrel come about
3. Energy is
____makes thing work..
A. what B. something
C. anything D. that
4. Information has been
put forward ____ more middle school graduates
will be admitted into
universities.
A.
while B. that C. when D. as
5. This is ___the
Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there B.
in which C. where D. when
6. They have no
idea at all____.
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone
D. where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot
to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of
the disease.
A. that B. which C. of
which D. of that
8. The order came ___the
soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
A. that had to leave B. that; should
leave
C. must leave D. when;
should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob
can win the first prize in the match.
A.
There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D.
It; whether
10. The question came up at the
meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
11. Is _____he said really true?
A.
that B. what C. why D. whether
12.____the
meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t
matter.
A. That B. Whether C. If D.
Where
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair
was turning gray.
A. while B. if C.
that D. for
14. ???_____more countries can
use natural energy in the future remains to be
seen.
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain
village surprises all of us.
A. What B.
That C. Whether D. If
16. ____you don’t
like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. That C. Who D. How
17.____all the
inventions have in common is ____they have
succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that
C. what; that D. That what
18.
____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very
much.
A. What B. It C. All
that D. That
19. It is widely ______that
smoking can cause cancer.
A. believed B.
think C. say D. hoped
20.
____caused the accident is still a complete
mystery.
A. What B. That C.
How D. Where
Keys:
1—5 ABABC
6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA
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