英语被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换

中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换

主动语态与被动语态

一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去 分词

三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例:

1. 一般现在时: am isare+ worked

2. 一般过去时: was were+ worked

3. 一般将来时: shall will +be+ worked

4. 过去将来时: should would+ worked

5. 现在进行时: am isare+ being+ worked

6. 过去进行时: was were+ being+ worked

7. 过去进行时: waswere +being +worked

8. 现在完成时: havehas+ been+ worked

9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked

10. 将来完成时: shall will +have been +worked

11. 过去将来完成时: shouldwould +have been+ worked

12. 情态动词 (canmaymustshould etc.)+be+动词的过去分词

四. 用法：

当我们不知道谁是动 作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动
作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

五. 方法：

Many people speak English.(主动语态)

English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）

六. 注意以下问题：

A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将
直接宾语(s th.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for .

用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.

用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.

eg.

1. Mary gave him some books.

He was given some books by Mary.

Some books were given to him by Mary.

2. Her father bought her a new bike.

She was bought a new bike by her father.

A new bike was bought for her by her father.

B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语 态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态
的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。

eg. 1. We call him Gina.

He is called Gina (by us).

2. They made me happy.

I was made happy( by them).

3. He asked me to come here.

I was asked to come here (by him)

C. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc. 动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但
在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。

eg.

1. We saw them play football just now.

They were seen to play football just now.

2. We often hear her sing in English.

She is often heard to sing in English.

D. 在某些“不及物动词+介词副词”(相当 于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意
不要丢掉介词副词。

eg.

1. People often talk about that film.

That film is often talked about.

2. We should speak to the old people politely.

The old people should be spoken to politely.

E. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余
不动。 例如:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为
The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

F. need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于
to be done . All the computers need repairing .=

All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .


被动语态专项练习

1. A large number of people speak French in Paris.

French ____ ______ ____a large number of people in Paris.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _________ _________ in Suzhou.

3. Does he clean the room every day?

______the room______ ______ ______every day?

4. We often sing this song. ____________________________________________.

5. Does he clean the room every day?

______the room______ ______ ______every day?

6. Did he paint the window red? ______the window_____ _____ ______ ______?

7. My cousin repaired the broken watch.

The broken watch ____ _____ _____my cousin.

8. They built a bridge between the two islands last year.

A bridge ________ ________ between the two islands last year.

9. Where did they plant trees? Where _________ trees _________?

10. He broke his leg in the match. ________________________.

will give a birthday party tomorrow.

___________________________________________.

12. She will sell her house soon. ___________________________________________.

13. We will build a new library this year.

A new library______ _______ _______by_______this year.

are still cutting down too many trees in the USA.

__________________________________________________ ____.

15. He is repairing the machine. ___________________________________________.

16. Are they teaching foreign languages there?

______foreign languages________ ________there?

17. Are you going to make a new plane?

____a new plane_____ _____ ______ _____?

18. He has finished his work. ________________________________________.

19. Have they finished the new project?

______the new project______ _______by______?

20. We should plant the trees around the lake.

The trees _____ _____ ______around the lake.

21. You can borrow two books at a time.

Two books _________ _________ _________ at a time.

22. We call maths the language of science.

Maths _________ _________ the language of science.

teacher made the students copy the text.

The students _________ _________ _________ copy the text.

e saw John cross the street just now.

John _______ _______ _______ ______ the street just now by someone.

25. The boss made the workers work all day

The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.

26. He gave me a book

I ______ ______ a book by him.

A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .

27. My mother made me a cake .

I ____ _____ a cake by my mother

A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .

28. I heard Tom singing just now

Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .

29. We should take care of the old . The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .

30. My aunt bought me a present on my birthday.

I ____ _____a present by my aunt on my birthday.

A present _____ ____ _____me by my aunt on my birthday.



二、英语书面表达专项训练

2
．安全对每个人都很重要。请根据以下 信息内容提示，写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短
文。

提示：
1.
体育锻炼

2.
上下楼梯

3.
交朋结友

4.
食品卫生

要求：
1.
语句通顺，表达准确，内容连贯；

2
．短文可以适当发挥；但要包含以上要点。

3
．词数：
80—100
词。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Safety has become the focus to us all. How to be safe at school is especially important to us
students.___________ _____________________________________________

【答案】
Safety has become the focus to us all. How to be safe at school is especially important
to us students. First, we should take care not to get ourselves injured while we are having sports.
Second, There are too many students at school, and our hallways are too narrow. So don’t crowd
with each other especially when we go upstairs or downstairs. Or there may be an accident.
Besides, we should be friendly and get on well with others, don’t quarrel or even fight. Last but
not least , We should be careful to eat healthy food and keep away from junk food, which is
harmful to our health.

In a word, it's important to remember these for us all.

【解析】

这是一篇给材料作文。结合要点提示， 可知本文主要从三个方面进行叙述，注意围绕要点
组织材料，适当发挥。根据材料内容确定主要句子的时 态，及句式等重要内容。写作中注
意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。


3
．

假如你是
Liu Bin
，请用英语给笔友
Bob
回复邮件。

注意：
1.
文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；

2.
要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；

3.
词数
100
左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Bob,

I’m very glad to know that you will come to our school.

Yours,

Liu Bin

【答案】
Dear Bob,

I'm very glad to know that you will come to our school. Let me tell you something about it. Our
school is very big and our classroom is very tidy. We go to school five days a week and have six
classes every day. There is also an activity class in the afternoon. Usually I take exercise after
school so that I can keep healthy and study better. Sometimes I listen to the music for a while,
which is a good way to relax myself. Of course, I help my parents with the housework at the
weekends too.

My classmates are very nice. We often help each other. Everyone has his own way to do things, so
we should understand each other. Besides, it is important for us to communicate with each other
and share our happiness and sadness.

I'm looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Liu Bin

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如
be glad to
，
listen to the
music
，
five days a week
，
so that
，
prepare for
，
for a while
，
of course
，
at the weekends
，
help each other
，
look forward to
等。而固定句型
it is important for us to communicate with
each other and share our happiness and sadness.
和
I'm very glad to know that you will come to
our school. Usually I take exercise after school so that I can keep healthy and study better.
Sometimes I listen to the music for a while, which is a good way to relax my self.
等复杂从句结构
的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中 注意总结牢记一些固
定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。< br>
【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所 规定的材料内容经整理
后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要 点，要
尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得
到较高的分数。


4
．假如你是班长李华，今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计 划进行了讨论。你们班的外教
David
对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，给
David
写一封电子邮件，告诉他讨论的情况及
你自己本人的计划及原因。

比例

50%

30%

20%

计划


去国内外旅游


多读一些书


参加社会实践

原因

1.
放松
;2.
欣赏美景

1.
增长知识；
2.
培养兴趣

1.
锻炼自己
;2.
结识朋友

你的计划

? (
至少一个
)

？（请你补充）



注意：

(1)
邮件应包含所有要点

(2)
词数
80
个左 右
(
开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数
)
；

(3)
不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分

注：社会实践
social practice activities

Dear David

I'm writing to tell you something about our discussion today.

____ __________________________________________________ _________________________
_____________________ __________________________________________________ ________
______________________________________ _________________________________________
_____ __________________________________________________ ________________________

Best wishes!

Yours

Li Hua

【答案】
Dear David

I'm writing to tell you something about our discussion today.

The students have their own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation. Half of
the students plan to travel at home and abroad. They want to relax and enjoy the beautiful
scenery. Thirty percent of students plan to read more books. They believe that reading can
increase knowledge. Reading books can make people smart and develop interests. 20% of them
plan to take part in social practice activities. They want to exercise themselves and make new
friends.

I'm going to take part in social practice activities, too. I want to learn something new and get
good experience from these activities.

Best wishes!

Yours

Li Hua

【解析】

【详解】

这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如
how to do
，
spend a
meaningful summer vacation
，
half of
，
plan to do
，
travel at home and abroad
，
enjoy the
beautiful scenery
，
take part in
，
social practice activities
，
make new friends
等。而非谓语动
词结构
The students have their own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation.
Reading books can make people smart and develop interests.
和宾语从句
They believe that
reading can increase knowledge.
的运用，丰富了短文内容 ，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。
在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用， 使文章表达更有逻
辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】

书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理
后展开思维， 考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要
尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短 语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得
到较高的分数。


5
．书面表达

根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。

每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（
lucky money
）。随着生 活水平的提高，
大部分孩子得到越来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信
(WeChat)
或支付宝
(Alipay)
收压岁
钱。同学们该如何管理自己的钱，让自己的钱用得 更有意义？请结合自己的实际写一篇文
章，词数
80
词以上，文中不能出现真实校名和人名。内容包括如下：

1.
你的压岁钱的来源和用途；

2.
对合理使用压岁钱的建议（至少
3
点）；

3.
呼吁大家节约用钱，把自己的压岁钱用在最需要、最有意义的地方。

【答案】
Every Spring Festival I receive a lot of lucky money from my parents and relatives. Now I
even get it through WeChat or Alipay. I usually buy some of my favorite books, school things and
some fancy clothes. Sometimes I also buy some gifts for my parents.

In order to make good use of the lucky money, I think we can do the following things. First, we
should save part of the money for our study instead of wasting it on video games. Second, it is a
good idea to buy something useful for our parents or teachers so that we can show our love to
them. What is more, why not donate our lucky money to the poor kids in need? Helping others
makes us happy.

All in all, let us manage our lucky money properly. We should use our money in a meaningful way.

【解析】

【详解】

每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（
luckymo ney
）。随着生活水平的提高，
大部分孩子得到越来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信
(WeChat)
或支付宝
(Alipay)
收压岁
钱。同学们该如何管理 自己的钱，让自己的钱用得更有意义？这是一篇给材料作文，本题
所给材料比较详细，写作中注意将所给 内容表达出来，不能逐字翻译。通过阅读材料可知
这篇短文主要使用的人称就是第一人称，时态为一般现 在时态，注意谓语动词的变化。动
笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑 关系。上下文之间
可以适当使用连接词。

【点睛】

文章使用了很好的短语和句子：
In order to make good use of the lucky money, I think we can
do the following things. First, we should save part of the money for our study instead of wasting
it on video games.
这些给文章增色不少。


6
．
A good book is important to me

要求：
1.
紧扣主题，意思连贯，语言通顺，书写规范。
2.
不得使用真实姓名和校名，如需

使用名字，请用
Mike, Gina
等英文名字
;
校名统一使用
Guangming Middle School
。
3.
词数不
少于
60
。

【答案】
A good book is important for me. It can not only help broaden my horizons, but also
give me inspiration. From the good book, I can learn what others think, and their views about the
world. What’s more, I can even live their lives, which are totally different from mine. For me, a
good book is really like a good friend, who can teach me how to solve the problems when I am in
trouble. A good book helps me a lot, and it is quite important for me in my life.

【解析】

【分析】

本题是命题作文，根据题目一本好书对我是重 要的，自己写相关内容，可以是你读了什么
书，该书对你产生了什么影响。也可以是一本好书为什么对你 来说是重要的。

【详解】

本篇文章主要从为什么对我重要这个角度来写。 文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称为第一
人称。题目并没有给过多的提示信息，所以需要学生自己思索行 文内容。在写作时，注意
紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表 述应该符
合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要
写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，
可以为文章增 色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。

【点睛】

首先认真审题， 看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点
中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣 要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段
之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果 、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡
平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符 号误用等，还要检查语法
结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等 。


7
．你校正在举办以
“
社会主义核心价值观
”
为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准备从
“
和善
”
这一点
展开论 述，请根据提示，以
“Kindness is a gift”
为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。



要求：
1
）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；

2
）必须包括提示中所有信息，并适当发挥；

3
）词数：
100
词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；

4
）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。

Kindness is a gift

Dear classmates,

I think kindness is a special gift to everyone. How can we show it to others in our daily life?









That’s all for my speech. Thank you!

【答案】例文
Dear classmates,

I think kindness is a special gift to everyone. How can we show it to others in our daily life?

When we’re at home, it’s important to show our respect to our parents. Helping them do some
housework will make us close to each other. We should also be kind enough to our neighbours in
our neighborhood. While they’re away from home, we can keep an eye on their houses. At
school, tell our classmates to ask for help whenever they need. If one of them is absent from
school, we can help them with the lesson. On the bus, we should take care of the elderly by
giving them our seats. And once there is someone who tries to fight with the bus driver, it’s
better for us to stop him.

I hope everyone can be kind to others so that we can live in a world full of love.

That’s all for my speech. Thank you!

【解析】

【详解】
< br>你校正在举办以
“
社会主义核心价值观
”
为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准 备从
“
和善
”
这一点展
开论述，请根据提示，以
“Kind ness is a gift”
为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。内容要求中指出了
写作要点，动笔 前一定要认真阅读内容要点，根据内容要点组织材料，确定句子人称，时
态等问题。可以先把各要点用句 子表达出来，然后再组合成文。写作中注意语意通顺，符
合逻辑关系，为了使短文更显得有逻辑性，在列 举自己的优势时，可以适当使用序数词。
举出的例子要有说服力，想象合理并适当发挥，不能遗漏要点。 注意采用一些习惯的句
式，固定短语，以使自己的演讲稿更有文采。写完后多读几遍，适当修改。

【点睛】

这是一篇非常优秀的文章，作者用到了一些好的句型：
it’s important to show our respect to
our parents. Helping them do some housework will make us close to each other.
；
If one of them
is absent from school, we can help them with the lesson.
这些给文章增色不少。


8
．书面表达

校园安全问题越来越受到重视，为了确保学生的安全，学校制订了一些规章制度。请根据
提示内 容，以
“School safety”
为题写一篇
100
词左右的英语短文。

提示：

1.
遵守校规，按时到校、离校；

2.
不接受陌生人的物品；

3.
结伴同行，天黑前到家；

4.
遇到麻烦及时告知家长和老师。

School safety

___________________________________ ____________________________________________
__ __________________________________________________ ___________________________
___________________ __________________________________________________ __________
____________________________________ ___________________________________________
___ __________________________________________________ __________________________
____________________ __________________________________________________ _________
_____________________________________ __________________________________________
____ __________________________________________________ _________________________
_____________________ ________________

【答案】
School safety

More and more people pay special attention to the school safety nowadays. Here are some rules
to keep us safe.

First, as students, we should follow the school rules, such as not being late for school and leaving
school early. Second, we shouldn’t go with strangers and we shouldn’t accept things from
strangers. Third, it’s better for us to have partners on the way home and to school and we must
get home before dark. Fourth, if we are in trouble, don’t forget to tell our parents or teachers as
soon as possible.

I think these rules are good for us. We must obey them.

【解析】

【详解】

这是一篇话题作文，根据材料中的相关信息介绍一下校园安全。所提供的材 料中列举了为
了确保学生的安全，学校制订了一些规章制度。主要从
1.
遵守校规，按时到校、离校；
2.
不接受陌生人的物品；
3.
结伴同行，天黑前到家；
4.
遇到麻烦及时告知家长和老师。这四
个方面去 介绍。时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。本文是提建议，因此用
shouldn’t
或should
来写。注意作文中必须包含材料上的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意
时态、时间 状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符
合逻辑关系，表达具有条理 性。

【高分句型一】

Second, we shouldn’t go with strangers and we shouldn’t accept things from strangers.
第二，我
们不应该和陌生人一起去，也不应该接受陌生人的东西。

本句话是由
and
连接的并列句。

【高分句型二】

I think these rules are good for us.
我认为这些规则对我们有好处。

句子
these rules are good for us.
是一个宾语从句。


9
．
“< br>友善
”
是一种美德，它犹如阳光和雨露照耀并滋润着美德的形成。同学们，请奉献你的< br>友善，为创建和谐社会做出贡献。

某英文网站正在开展以
“< br>友善待人、快乐生活
”
为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英
语写一篇短文 投稿，谈谈生活中你对他人提供善意帮助的经历。主要内容包括
:
你对友善行
为的认识 和理解，你平时做哪些友善的事情，以及你这样做的美好愿望。

提示词语
:kind
，
politely, trouble, offer, proud
，
society

提示问题
:What do you think of showing kindness to others?

How do you help them kindly in your daily life?

What do you dream about being kind to them?

It's our duty to show kindness to others around us.
____________________________ _____________________

【答案】
It’s our duty to show kindness to others around us. I think everyone should be kind to
each other. When someone is in trouble, we’ll give a hand politely. In our community, I try my
best to help the neighbors and take care of the old people at weekends as a volunteer. At school,
I get on well with my classmates and help them with their lessons. I also send my books and
clothes to the children who live in poor areas. I’m very proud I have made many friends by
helping others in need.

I believe our society will become better and better if everyone shows kindness to each other.

【解析】

【详解】

本文属于话题作文，谈谈生活中你对他人提供善意帮助的经历。根据要表达 的内容确定并
准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。

亮点说 明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习
惯，准确运用时态、主谓 一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如
be kind to, each other, be in
trouble, give a hand, try one’s best to do, take care of, get on well with, help sb with
等。增强逻
辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。