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中考英语被动语态讲解与练习
一. 语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种:________语态和__________语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者
要用__________语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,则用
____________语态。
二. 被动语态构成:
1.一般现在时:amisare + done
2. 一般过去时:waswere+ done
3. 一般将来时:willshall
be + done
4. 现在进行时:amisare being + done
5. 过去进行时:waswere being + done
6.
现在完成时:havehas been + done
7. 过去完成时:had been
+ done
8. 情态动词:must may might + be done.
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This bridge was
founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was
broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was
written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must
be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态
句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him. He
was laughed at by all people.
They make
the bikes in the factory.
_____________________________________________
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由情态动词+b
e+过去分词构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被
动语态后仍要保留。
We can
repair this watch in two days. This watch can
be repaired in two days.
They should do it
at once. It should be done at once.
六、特殊情况
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What
will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs
disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2.一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧),
cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易
地),
perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:
The book sells well.这种书很畅销。
These clothes
wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。
3.
使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式(make hear notice see
let)主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态
时,须加上to 。
He let
Daming do his homework → Daming was let to do
his homework.
1
He saw Daming do his homework →Daming was
seen to do his homework.
4. 主动表被动:1、 Need,
want, require(要求,需要), deserve(应得,值得), be
worth值得),not bear(经
不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The
book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old
building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),
sound (听起来),
prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到),
look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:
Your reason sounds
reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes
bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。
6有些动词可以带双宾语 在用于被
动结构时,主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时,直接宾语仍然
保留在谓语后面;直接宾语变为主语时,间
接宾语前通常加上介词forto
★He gave Betty a
book.____________________________________
_________________________________
7.
一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at
by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The
radio is
listened to by him every day. The
nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick
man is being taken
care of by the nurse.
初中英语被动语态专项练习
( ) 1 The People's Republic
of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B.
was founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2
English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are
spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( )3 This
English song___ by the girls after class.
A.
often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is
often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in
Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is
made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the
world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D.
have used
( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm
sorry. ___. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's
been sold D. it
had been sold
( )8A new
house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is
building B. is being built C. been built D. be
building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when
I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is
left D. has been left
( ) 10 Doctors ___ in
every part of the world.
A. need B. are
needing C. are needed D. will need
( )11 His
new book___ next month.
be published B. is
publishing C. is being published D. has been
published
( ) 12 Japanese ___ in every
country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is
speaking D. is not speaking
2
( ) 13 These papers___yet.
not
written B. have not been written
C. has
not written D. has not been written
( )
14 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
(
) 15 -My shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be
mended? B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How
much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
( )
16 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need
it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( ) 17___
these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
( ) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting
held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting
wasn't held
( ) 19 Who was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
( ) 20 Where ___ these boxes
A. was B.
were C. is D. am
( )21 The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must
watered D. must water
( ) 22 The books may___
for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C.
keep D. borrow
( ) 23 The broken bike____
here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C.
can be mend D. can be mended
( ) 24 The old
bridge in my hometown___ next month.
going to
be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to
be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
( ) 25
The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is
going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is
shown
( ) 26 The old stone bridge ___ next
week.
going to be rebuilt B. will be
rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt D. will
rebuild
( )27Now these magazines___ in the
library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are
keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 28The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
;
keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used;
to keep D. are used; keep
( )29Tea ___ in
the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C.
were grown D. will grow
( ) 30 The bridges___
two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were
built D. was built
( ) 31 Wet clothes are
often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A.
hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
( )32 The
river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty
things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be
stopped from throwing
3
C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
( ) 33 The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled
with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
(
) 34Old people must be looked after well and ___
politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D.
spoken to
( ) 35 Old people must ___.
A.
look after well B. be looked well after
C.
looked well after D. be looked after well
(
) 36 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are
taken good care B. are taken good care of
C.
take good care of D. take good care
( )37
They were___ at the sudden noise.
A.
frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
( ) 38These walls___stone.
made of B.
made of C. are made into D. made into
( )
39 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last
Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D.
was said
( )40 The papers ___ to them.
A.
were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown
(
) 41 The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were
made for C. was made for D. was made to
( )
42 I___ five minutes to decide whether I should go
or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D.
was given
( ) 43 Good care____such things.
A. should take of B. should be taken
C.
should be taking D. should be taken of
( )
44She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be
taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
( )45The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 46
The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to
clean D. was made clean
( ) 47 These
children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were
seen for C. were seen D. saw to
( ) 48
Thesestones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit
C. fits D. is fitted
( )49 The bike ___
500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost
D. is costed
( )50 The important meeting ___
on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was
held C. held D. had
( ) 51 Great changes___
in the past ten years in China.
A. took place
B. have taken place C. were taking place D.
hadtaken place
( ) 52 You can't use the
computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is
wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
( ) 53
Great changes___in our country during the past 20
years.
4
happened
B. happened
C. have been happened D. were
happened
( ) 55 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
(
) 56 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 57 The story books___ by the writer in
the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C.
are writing D. were writing
( ) 58 What time
___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B.
does; close C. is; closed D. close
( )59
Can he___himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed
C. gets dressed D. instead of
( )60 He fell
from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt
C. got hurt D. hurt
Key:
1---5 BDDDC 6—10 BCBBC 11---15AABBA 16--
20BABDB
26---30ADBBC 31---35DBADD 36---40BBABA
41---45CDDBB
46----50AAACB 51---55DDACA 56
---60BCBCC
5
21---25BADAA
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