英语被动语态讲解及习题

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主 语是
动作的承受者。如：
Many people speak English．（主动语态）
English is spoken by many people．（被动语态）
1．被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语 态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，
其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分 词”。
注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look ，seem等）后面的过
去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如：
My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。）
The door is open．（门开了。）
2．主动语态改被动语态的方法
1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动 语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主
动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态 的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓
语动词之后（有时可省略）。
2）含直接宾语和间接 宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，
直接宾语仍保留原位； ②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：
He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）
Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her
by her father．）
3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：
They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning．
4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补 足语在被动语态中
作主语补足语。如：
We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．
He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．
They told him to help me．→He was told to help me．
5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：
We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of．
6）含有宾语 从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；
也可采用另 一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，re port等。
如：
People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：
被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态 中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和
数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语 态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语 态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。
如：
History is made by the people．The people make history．
4．不能用于被动语态的情况
1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且 常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，
fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，su ffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如：
They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。
My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。
My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。
How much／What does it cost这值多少钱
Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。
This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。
2）不是所有带介词 的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则
无被动态。试比较：

They arrived at a decision．A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定。
They arrived at the station．他们到达车站。（不说：The station was arrived at．）
He looked into the question．The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题。
3）动词leave（离开），enter（进入），join（参加）不可用于被动语态。如：
The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路，撞上了树。
4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用，特别是后加副词（如w ell，easily等）时。主动语态有被动含义，
这类动词常见的有sell，write，wea r，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：
His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销。The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗。
This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿。His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演。
The window won't shut．这窗关不上。The door won't open．这门打不开。
The door won't lock．这门锁不上。This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好。
5）feel，look，appear，sound，taste，s mell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词，后接形容词作表语，不
可用于被动语态。如：
Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我。
You're looking very unhappy—what's the matter你看来很不高兴———怎么回事儿
The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了。
Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了。
She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好。
6）宾语是不定式或动词的- ing形式时，不可用于被动语态。如：
Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她。
Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿。
7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服。
We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。
8）宾语是同源宾语时，不可用于被动语态。如：
They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活。
The girl dreamed a sweet dream．那女孩做了个甜美的梦。
9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时，不可用于被动语态。如：
The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了。
The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头。
5．某些动词的主动形式表被动含义
英语中有很多动词如act，break，catch， cut，clean，drive，draw，let，lock，open，sell，read，write ，
wash，wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义 。另外，
像owe，beat，cook，bake，print，build，make等，有时可以 用主动形式表达被动含义。如：
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销。
The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门。
The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅。
These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好。
Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说。
注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。如：
The door won't lock．门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）
His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好。（指小说本身内容好）
His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售。（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）
6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义
1）在need，want，require，des erve和bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，其含义相
当于动词不定式的被动形式 。如：
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了。
2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动 含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词

不定式的被动形式。如：
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一
读。
Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像
史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助。
This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑。
3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义
a．当nice，easy，fit，hard， difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interestin g等形容词后跟不定
式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式 表达被动含义。如：
Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学。（指日语被学）
The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝。（指水被喝）
The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳。（指音乐被听）
This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易。（指书被读）
b．当动词不定式在名词后面 作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含
义。如：
I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做。（work to do指被做的工作）
He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看。（children to look after指孩子被照看）
注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式，其含义有所区别。如：
I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服。（衣服不是自己洗）
c．在there be．．．句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含 义没有什么
区别。如：
There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做。
There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗。
4）由介词for，on，above，under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义。如：
His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的
油画作品明天下午展出。
5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smel l，feel，taste，look，sound等在句子中常表达被动含义。如：
How nice the music sounds！这音乐听起来多悦耳！
Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了。
把下列句子变成被动语态
found some jewels in a box.
teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
has left a parcel for you.
must finish the article before Friday.
will not paint the house again next year.
promised Mary a new doll for her birthday.
have told the children many times not to skate on the pond.
did he translate the story
had to repair our TV set.
they take good care of the sick
company has paid the workers very handsome wages.
showed me the room where they lived.
把下列句子变成主动语态
is spoken in South America.
plans will have to be revised.
the words must be looked up in a dictionary.
John been cured of his heart illness
door should not have been left open all night.
are afraid that we may be attacked at night.

are being taught how to operate the new machine.
用动词的正确时态填空
Our desks and chairs________________(make)of paper of books and
newspapers______also___________(make)from some kinds of cloth__________________(make)from
people____________(burn)wood to keep themselves warm in ,wood_______(be)important in our everyday
life.
Where________wood______ ____(come)fromIt________________(take)from trees
which_____________(grow)in the (know)how it____________(get)to us from the mountains
First of all,trees___________(cut)down when they______________(grow)big their
branches_______________(cut)off,and logs_______________(make).These heavy
logs________________(put)together in different ways and_________________(take)down to the foot of the
of them_________________(float使漂流)down the small rivers and others_________________(carry)down
on trains.
Big trees________________(cut)down in the mountains every young
ones______________________(must,plant)so that we______always________________(can,have)enough
have to take good care of mountains so that th ey__________always_________________(may,cover)with
growing trees.
翻译
shirt washes well.
shirt is being washed now.
door won’t lock.
shop is closed now.
room is filled with smoke.
is reported that the big fire has been put out.
7.台湾属于中国.
8.韩寒的书很畅销.
9.这录音机不转.
10.火灾是怎样发生的
11.这个问题值得讨论.
12.这种布摸起来很柔软.
选择正确答案
I got to his office,I__________that he_________out.
,had been told,was told,was told,had been
vegetables didn’t taste very too long.
cooked cooked been cooked
anti-Japanese war______in 1937 and it______eight years.
broken,lasted out,lasted
out,lasted out,was lasted
was heard__A______an English song.
sing be sang
boxes are very heavy___.
carried carrying
police found that the house________and a lot of things________.
been broken into,has been stolen broken into,has been stolen
been broken into,stolen broken into,has stolen
can________to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
used used
has never dreamt of_________.
to Athens to Athens
taking to Athens taken to Athens

likes__________.
at at laughed at laughed
bridge___________will be completed next year.
built being built
is said that tigers________in Asia year after year.
being disappeared disappearing be disappeared disappear
’m going to Wuhan you have anything ____ to your mother
take be taken
it is nothing______.
worry be worried be worried about worry about
new computer will soon become outdated,because technology
_______so fast.
developed being developed been developed developed
won’t go to the party unless_________.
invited invited
problem________last week is very important.
discussed discussed discussed
should keep the animals from________.
endangered endangered
are no rivers_______out of the Dead Sea.
flowed flown
place has been there is no bamboo______
for pandas to feed on.
left
the preparations for the task________,and we are ready to start.

been completed been completed
高一英语被动语态基本功过关
一、选择题（每小题1分共40分）
new library_____in our school last year
;built built
;build ;build
accident____on this road last week.
been happened happened
happened
the southeast of China.
grown grown

far,the moon____by man already.
visited be visited
been visited visited
talk on Chinese history_____in the school hall next week.
given been given be given
lot of things____by people to save the little girl now.
doing being done
been done be done
doctor_____for yet.
't sent 't been sent
't be sent 't sent
kind of computer______

--Last year.
;use used
;used ;used
book_____
;written written by
;written written
me her new dictionary.
asked to asked to
asked to
story_____by Granny yesterday.
told us told to us
told us us
monkey was seen_____off the tree.
jump
people____well.
after be looked after
look after after
teacher______carefully.
be listened to be listen
listened listened
some part of the world,tea_______with milk and sugar.
serving served

was reported that the murderer_______arrested.
been been

you think that the bridge______in a year
be completed be completed
been completed being completed
changes_______in China since the People’s Republic of China_______in 1949.
taken place;was founded
taken place;was founded
been taken place;founded
place;founded
19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy
—She has_______by her classmates.
at
laughed laughed at
every part of the world.
needing
needed need
promise that matter will_______.
taken care taken care of
care care of
permission has________for anybody to enter the
building.
given
. give given
minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
given

giving given
such a thing_____happening again
from from
prevented from prevent from
new house________at the corner of the road.
building being built
built building
bike________last year.
been bought
bought been bought
you see the house that_______by fire last year
destroying
destroy destroyed
she will get her work in the hospital.
’t been decided ’t deciding
’t decide ’t decided
is hers.
’t belong to ’t belong to
’t belong to ’t belong to
can’t use my bike because it_______.
repairing being repaired
repair repairing
chairman told the speaker that she______to speak a little louder so as to make herself_____.
expected;heard expected;hear.
C had hoped;hear hoped;heard
32．—The window is dirty.
—I weeks.（2004全国03）
’t cleaned ’t clean
’t cleaned ’t been cleaned
the end of last year,another new gymnasium_______in
Beijing.(2003上海春季,27)
be completed being completed
been completed been completed
34.—How long_______at this job
—Since 1990.(NMET 2003北京春季,27)
you employed you been employed
you been employed you be employed
35.—What happened to the priceless works of art
—_______.(NMET 2003北京春季,34)
were destroyed in the earthquake
earthquake was destroying them
destroyed in the earthquake
earthquake destroyed them
is Ted’s miss him a to save a child in the earthquake.
killed killed killing
(NMET 2002北京春季,27)
and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
(2002上海春季,30)
cut
being cut been cut

a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_______so rapidly.
changing changed C.
have changed change
(NMET 2001,24)
of jobs_______if the factory closes.
(NMET 2001北京春季,12)
B will be lost
lost lose
new hope to finish it next month.
be built built
been built being built
(NMET 2001北京春季,17)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B D A C C B B B B B B D B A B B B A D C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A B C B C D A C B A D D B A C C A B D
练习题
1)It is said that a new robot____by him in a few days.
A)designed
B)has been designed
C)will be designed
D)will have been designed
2)We are expect the film____by the time we get to the cinema.
A)will already have started
B)would already have started
C)shall have already started
D)has already been started
3)She will stop showing off if no notice____of her.
A)is taken
B)takes
C)will be taken
D)has taken
4)Diamond____in Brazil in 1971.
A)is found
B)has been found
C)was found
D)had been found
5)“Have you movedsintosthe new flat”“Not room____.”
A)has been painted
B)is painted
C)paints
D)is being painted
6)My pictures____until next Friday.
A)won't develop
B)aren't developed
C)don't develop
D)won't be developed
7)Tim____since he lost his job three weeks ago.
A)had been unemployed
B)was unemployed

C)has been unemployed
D)has unemployed
8)A great number of colleges and universities____since 1949.
A)has been establish
B)have been established
C)have established
D)had been established
9)I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we____if we leave it here.
A)would be fined
B)will be fined
C)will being fined
D)will have been fined
10)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on we go and see it together”
A)They have been given
B)I have been given
C)I am given
D)They have given to me
11)The subject of these lectures____by the lecture committee.
A)is announced
B)have been announced
C)are announced
D)has been announced
12)I found an aspirin bottle____dropped on the floor of David's room.
A)was
B)had
C)had been
D)is13)The goods____when we arrived at the airport.
A)were just unloading
B)were just been unloading
C)had just unloaded
D)were just being unloaded
14)If one____by pride,he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.
A)overcomes
B)is overcome
C)has been overcome
D)overcome
15)Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them____taken in the past.
A)was not
B)were not
C)were not being
D)had not been
16)You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator,now____sour.
A)I smell
B)it is smelt
C)it smells
D)it is smelling
17)After the race____,the celebration began.
A)had been won
B)is won
C)will be won

D)has been won
18)He was here for a little while,but I don't knowswhereshe____now.
A)is
B)was
C)had been
D)has been
18)The young teacher has____competent.
A)been proved to be
B)proved to be
C)been proved
D)proved being
19)Pluto,the outermost planet of the solar system,____photographically in March 1930.
A)discovered
B)was discovered
C)by discovery
D)when discovered
20)To get a better view of the stage,____.
A)our seats had to be changed
B)our seats were changed
C)we had to change our seats
D)our seats were changed by us
22)After synthetic____,engineers had a better choice of material.
A)created
B)has created
C)has been created
D)had been created
23)I think much attention____your pronunciation.
A)must be paid to
B)ought to be paid to
C)must pay to
D)should be paid to
24)Since 1970,millions of enthusiasts____Vitamin C,which they believe can remedy the common cold.
A)have taken
B)have been taken
C)have been taking
D)have been taking
25)I don't remember____the chance to try this method.
A)shavingsbeen given
B)to have been given
C)shavingsgiven
D)to have given
26)We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.
A)know
B)be known
C)being known
D)to be known
27)The construction of the laboratory____by the end of next month.
A)must be completed
B)must have been completed
C)will be completing

D)will have been completing
28)They would tell how the African____on a ship to an American port.
A)was brought
B)could have been brought
C)had been brought
D)was to be brought
29)He does not possess a bicycle,this one he uses____to Peter.
A)is belonged to
B)belonged
C)belongs
D)is belonging
30)Negotiation____again with Moscow tomorrow,a great event will be discussed then.
A)is to be opened
B)is on the point of opening
C)is going to open
D)opens
31)The reason for all the changes being made____to us yet.
A)has not explained
B)has not been explained
C)did not explained
D)were not explained
32)Experiments in the photography of moving objects____in both the United States and Europe well before
1900.
A)were conducting
B)were conducted
C)had been conducted
D)had conducted
33)When he turned the corner,he found himself____by a man in black.
A)tailed
B)been tailed
C)was tailed
D)had been tailed
34)A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination____at this moment.
A)is interviewing
B)being interviewed
C)is being interviewed
D)interviewing
35)As we approached the work site,the workers were seen____the new house.
A)building
B)build
C)built
D)to build
36)As we know,all the regulations in school____.
A)must keep to
B)must be kept
C)must keep
D)must be kept up
37)The composition____any more.
A)need not to be corrected
B)doesn't need to be corrected

C)doesn't need be corrected
D)need not correct
38)The bank is reported in the local newspaper____in broad daylight yesterday
A)to be robbed
B)to have keen robbed
C)robbed
D)shavingsbeen robbed
39)Hurry up,or the tickets___out by the time we get there.
A)will have sold
B)will sell
C)have sold
D)will have been sold
40)He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it____.
A)was damaged
B)should be damaged
C)damaged
D)would be damaged
被动语态部分练习题答案：
1)C 2)A 3)A 4)C 5)D 6)D 7)C 8)B 9)B 10)B11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)C 17)A 18)A 19)B20)B 21)C 22)D 23)A
24)C 25)A 26)C 27)A 28)C29)C 30)A 31)B 32)C 33)A 34)C 35)A 36)B 37)B38)B 39)D 40)B
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