三讲是什么-admiralty
宾语从句
一、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。根据引导词的
不同,宾语
从句又可分为:以从属连词that引导的宾语从句、已从属连词whether或if引<
br>导的宾语从句、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
1、that引导的宾语从句
由that引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句充当。从属连词that无实际意义,不在
从句
中作任何成分,此时从句的成分齐全,句意明确,在口语和非正式文体中that
可以省略。
I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your
book.
We’re all pleased that we have once
again overcome the difficulty.
Do you think
(that) it will rain?
We know (that) we should
study hard.
2、whether或if 引导的宾语从句
Whether
if引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成,其
语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语
序,从句前加上连词whether或if。
(1) 可用whetherif的情况
通常whetherif引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。
I don’t
know whetherif he’ll arrive in time.
I am
wondering whetherif they would believe in me.
I asked him whetherif he had finished all his
homework.
(2)只能用whether,不能用if的情况
A、引导介词的宾语从句时
I’m thinking of whether we
should go shopping.
I’m not interested in
whether she’ll be invited.
B、与or not 直接连用时
I can’t say whether or not he will come on
time.
I don’t know whether or not they will
come to help us.
I wonder whether or not we
should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.
C、宾语从句提前时
Whether they will join in the
Winter Camp I don’t care.
3、连接代词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导,它们在宾语从句
中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。
Do you know who will
teach us English term?(作主语)
Did you hear what
she said?(作宾语)
I don’t know whose the
football is.(作表语)
Could you tell me which
book is better?(作定语)
4、连接副词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,
how,why及“how+形容词副词”短语等引
导,它们在宾语从句中作状语等,不可省略。
We didn’t know when you usually go to school.
1
I want to know where he
bought this cup.
Can you tell me how I get to
the bus station?
Please explain why you were
late for class again.
“How+形容词副词”短语主要有how old,how many, how much,how
long,how
often,how far,how soon等。
Do
you know how old your father is this year?
二、重点考点
1、宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导,引导词总是位于从句
句首,从句用陈述语序。
I am wondering if you could help me.
He
asked me when we should start out the next day.
Did you find out where she lost her car?
2、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响,因而在使用时
要注意
主从句两部分的时态,一般遵循以下原则:
(1)主句为现在时态或将来时态时
主句如果是现在时或将来时,从句可用任何所需要的时态,不受主句时态的
限制和影响。
I know you don’t know what i think at all.
I know he didn’t tell you that he would come
then.
I’ll let you know whether I’ll come or
not directly I check my plan.
(2)主句为过去时态时
主句如果是过去时态,从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。
I only knew he
was studying in a western country,but I didn’t
know which
country he was in.
He asked me
if I was reading the novel The Old Man and the Sea
when he came
in.
He told me that he had
told Mary about the meeting already.
The
reporter asked if the government would take
necessary measures to put
down the to-do.
特别提示:从句若表示客观事实或真理,谓语用一般现在时。
My mother told
me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
3、宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语是表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如
thi
nk,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等,从句的否定一般要转
移到主句中。
其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致,且用肯定形式。
I don’t
think they’ll wait to the last minute.
I
didn’t believe that was his fault,was it?
三、宾语从句的注意事项
不能省略that的情况
在that引导的宾语从
句中,连词that只起引导作用,不在句中担当任何成分。
因此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略,但在
下列情况不能省略:
2
1、当that作learn,sugg
est,explain,agree,prove,feel等动词的宾语时
I have
learned that most of the students who are
interested in Chinese take interest
in
English.
2、当宾语从句较长时
We all think that
what the public is badly in need of is nothing but
the development
of economy.
3、当主句的状语置于动词与宾语从句之间时
I realized at once
that I had done it wrong when she told me all
about this.
4、当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。
He
told us that,if we could all come to help out,the
whole situation would be
getting better.
5、当动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时
When Marx got to
England,he found,however ,that his English was so
limited that
he couldn’t go on with his common
affairs.
6、当动词带有多个并列宾语从句时,除第一个that外,其他不可省
Then the teacher began to talk to us about the
French language,saying (that) it was
the most
beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must
keep it among us and never
forget it.
7、当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或被this,that修饰时
Some
people think that this part of Scotland with its
lakes and mountains is more
beautiful than the
West of England.
The teacher said that that
word was wrong.
8、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时
However,many people simply couldn’t believe
that what he had written was true.
9、当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时
Once Aristotle had made
up his mind that heavy objects always fall faster
that light
objects.
10、当宾语从句被形式宾语it代替时
W all consider it important that children
should take plenty of milk as they grow.
11、expect后接的宾语从句不能省去that
His article is
very good expect that there are only a few unfit
sentences.
12、在直接引语中,引述部分把主句与宾语从句分开时
“I’m extremely sorry to tell you ,”the man
said,”that you missed the last train once
again.”
四、课堂小练
1、___what did he ask
just now?
___He wondered ________.
they would meet at the school gate would
they start
they would take some food
they will get there
2、___I’d like to
know______.
___Maybe in the forest.
r
we will go camping we will go
camping
r will we go camping
will we go camping
3
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