北的词语-平凡的世界读后感
重点高中定语从句要点讲解
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2
定语从句三部曲
1. 找出先行词;
2.
确定先行词在从句中的成分:主语,宾语,
状语;
3. 选择正确的关系词。
几个关系代词的基本用法
that
that:
可指人或物;可作主语,宾语。
指人时,相当于who或 whom;
指物时,相当于which
A letter ________ is written in
pencil is difficult to read.
Do you know the
gentleman _________spoke just now?
What is the
question ________they are talking about?
Here
is the man ______________you want to see.
只能用that 不能用which的情况
1.先行词为不定代词时:all, much,
everything, anything, nothing, something, none,
the one.
2.先行词被only, any, few, little, no,
just, very, one of等修饰时;
3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时;
4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时;
5.先行词既有人又有物时;
6.先行词是数次时;(two, ten, a hundred)
7.如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which
,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免重复;
8.疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复;
9.主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词;
10.被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
(主语+be+n. adj.; 主语+系动词+adj.)
即学即用
1. The writer and his novel ____ you have just
talked about is really well known .
2. The
most important thing ____ should be done right now
is how to stop him from going
on.
3. The
last place ____ we visited was the chemical works.
4. There's nothing ____ can be said about it .
5. This is the third film ____ has been shown
in our school this term.
1. Yesterday I
caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.
Now you can see the two
____are still alive.
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2. Who is the man ____ is
standing at the gate?
3. That's a good book
_____will help you a lot.
4. There is still a
seat in the corner____ is still free.
5.
Edison built up a factory which produced things
_____had never been seen before.
逗号和介词后面不能用that
which
which:
指物;可作主语,宾语,状语。
1. The book _____ was on the
desk was bought by my father.
2. The book
_____ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
3. The factory _____ his father works is far from
here.
只能用which不能用that 的情况:
1.
介词后面只能用which;
Is this the room in which
Mr. White lives?
2. 非限定性定语从句中。
More
and more people are beginning to learn English,
which is becoming very popular
in our country.
3.当关系代词后面带有插入语时;
Here's the English
grammar which, as I have told you, will help
improve your English.
4. 先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods
which sell best.
who, whom, whose
who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人;
whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语,只可指人;
whose: 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
(whose = of which或of whom)
I like the
students who work hard.
All who heard the
story were amazed.
Chaplin, for whom life
had once been very hard, was a success as an
actor.
A child whose parents are dead is
called an orphan. I'd like a room whose window
faces
south.
只能用who 不能用that 的情况
1.
先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they,
he, people时;
Anyone who failed to come to
the meeting yesterday must give his reason .
He who knows nothing but pretends to know
everything is indeed a good-for –nothing.
2.
在非限定性定语从句中;
His mother, who loves him very
much, is strict with him.
3.在there be开头的句子中。
Here is a boy who wants to see you.
4
When
When
指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词
(如:time, day,
week, year, month等)
He came last night when I
was out.
We will put off the picnic until next
week, when the weather would be better.
when =
介词+which
? I still remember the day when I
first came to this school.
(when= on which)
? He came at a time when we
needed him most.
(when= at
which)
? We will never forget the year 1949,
when the People's Republic of China was
founded.
(when= in
which)
比 较
? I still remember the day
_________________my brother joined the army.
? I still remember the days _____________we
spent together.
先行词是时间名词,但在定语从句中做宾语
或主语时,先行词不能用when。
Where
Where
指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。
(如:place,
school, factory, room等)
This is the place
where I was born.
I live in the room where in
which he used to live.
where = 介词+which
?
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
(where = in which)
? I would
like to live in a country where there is plenty of
sunshine.
(where = in which)
比 较
? The small mountain village
________we spent our holiday last month is now
very
famous.
? This is the park
_____________they visited last year.
先行词是地点名词,但在定语从句中做宾语或主语时,先行词不能用where。
Why
Why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时,可用for
which指
代。
The reason why for which
(that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he
was ill.
比 较
?
5
? I don’t believe the reason
thatwhich he gave me.
? Have you asked him
the reason that may explain his success?
当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,不能用why 引导。
先行词在从句中做状语时,关系词才可以用when, where和why。
补 充
当先行词为way时,定语从句常用that, in
which,或how引导,that常可以省略。
This is the way that
in which I do such things.
Please do the
experiment in the way thatwhich I have shown you.
(做宾语)
as 的用法
He was a foreigner, ____ I
knew from his accent.
A. that B. as
C. where D. why
①如为限制性的,多用于the same …as
the same as;such …as …; as manymuch as;
so
…as等结构中。
I have the same book as you
(have).
Her attitude to him was quite the
same as it had always been.
比较: I live in the
same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.
②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾,
译为“
正如”。(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.)
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health
.
Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to
one' health.
补 充
无论是关系代词,还是关系副词,都在定语从
句中充当一定的成分,因此,先行词在定语从
句中不复出现。
【误】 This is
the book that I borrowed it yesterday.
【误】The
English Corner is the place where people
often go there to practice their spoken English.
关系词的省略
在下列情况下,关系词在非正式文体中可以省略:
1.
关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时,常可省略。
Are these keys (that which) you were looking for?
The man (whothat) I was sitting next to on
the plane talked all the time.
2.以the
way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导,而且通常可以省略。
I don't like the way (that in which) she walks.
The way (that in which) he answered the
questions was surprising.
3.在the time when,
the place where, the reason why结构中,when, where,
why可省略。
I shall never forget the day (when)
we first met.
That's the place (where) he
stayed when he was in the country.
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定语从句重点总结
?
只能用that的情况(10种情况);
? 不能用that 的情况(2种情况)
?
只能用which不能用that的情况(4种情况);
? 只能用who 不能用that
的情况(4种情况);
? 做状语的三个关系副词;
? 当先行词为way时;
? as的用法;
? 成分不能重复;
? 关系词的省略。
1. We’ll never forget the days_____ we spent
together last year.
A. when B. that
C. how D. on which
2. The high yellow
building over there, _____was set up last year, is
our office building.
A. it B. that C.
where D. which
3. It is the best TV play
_____I’ve seen.
A. that B. which C. since
D. and
4. I often hear from my sister,
_____works as an engineer.
A. that B. who
C. he D. whom
5. Last month I visited the
house _____I used to live in my twenties.
A. which B. who C. in that D. where
6. The
day_____ I was to start arrived at last.
A.
that B. which C. on which D. in that
7. The
old woman has two sons, _____are teachers.
A. two of whom B. both of whom
C.
all of them D. neither of them
8.
Is that the reason _____you don’t agree with them?
A. what B. which C. why D. that
9. Air,
_____we breathe every day, is necessary to life.
A. B. which C. what D. that
10. I,
_____your friend, will try my best to help you
out.
A. who is B. that is C. who am D. who
are
11. Li Ying is one of the girls
_____to college in the village.
A. who goes
B. who go C. which went D. that goes
12. He
is the only one of the boys of his class who
_____the piano well.
A. plays B. play C.
playing D. are playing
13. Those _____not
only from books but also through practice will
succeed.
A. learn B. who C. that learns D.
who learn
14. Is this the factory _____you
visited the other day?
A. in which B. which
C. where D. the one
15. He must be from
Africa, _____can be seen from his skin.
A.
that B. as C. it D. what
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