屋顶鼠-定力什么意思
定语从句讲解及练习
一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一
名词
或
代词
的从句叫做定语从句。
定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词
或代词起修饰、限定作用
的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用<
br>‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,
不定式以及介词短
语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时
通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短
语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰
的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1)
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放
在先行词的
后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who,
所有格whose)和关系
副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词
3、在定语从句中担
当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
指人,在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are
playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his
way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)
The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (
which 在句子中做
主语)
(2) This is the pen
(which) he bought yesterday. ( which
在句子中做宾
语)
4.
that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The
people thatwho come to visit the city are all
here. (在句子中
做主语)
(6) Where is the man
thatwhom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen
in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)The
classroom whose door is broken will soon be
repaired.
=The classroom the door of which
is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you
like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do
you like the book the color of which is
yellow?
注:that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The
tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very
famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land thatwhich we get
our food from.
(2)
只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)
在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b)
在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one,
all等作先行词时,
只用that,不用which。
(c)
先行词有the only, the very,the same,the
last,just修饰时,只用
that。
(d)
先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.
(e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g) 为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是the
way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(i)
主句的主语是疑问词who which时
举例:
Is
this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Who that
break the window should be punished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
All that is
needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything
that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词 关系副词:在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in at on ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during on in ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten y ears ago
has been pulled down.
2.
when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I
still remember the day when I first came to the
school.
(2) The time when we got
together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time
when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,
当然也不用that引导。
By
the time you arrived in London, we had stayed
there for two weeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still
remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he
brings a lot of living necessities,
such as
towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。
3.
why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me
the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy
today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why for which he refused
the invitation is not clear,
(2) From
the year whenin which he was going to school he
began to know
what he wanted when he grew up.
注:1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)
某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系
副词when
,where和why 互换。
This is the house in
which I lived two years ago.
This is
the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our
club?
Do you remember the day when you
joined our club?
This is the reason why
he came late.
This is the reason for
which he came late.
二、用关系代词填空:that 、which
、who、 whom 、whose
1.??????? This is the
man ________ wants to see you.
2.???????
The student ___________ answered the question is
Zhang Hua.
3.??????? The man __________
you went to see has come.
4.??????? The
man ___________I met yesterday lent me some
money.
5.??????? The woman _______________
you saw is our geography teacher.
6.??????? The runner ________________ you are
asking about is over there.
7.??????? The
person ______________ you should write to is Mr.
Ball.
8.??????? The man
___________was passing by saw what happened.
9.??????? Here is the pen _________ you lost
the day before yesterday.
10.??? These
books _____________ you lent me were very
useful.
11.??? The storybook ____________
I have just read cannot be easily
forgotten.
12.??? A clock is a machine
______ tells people the time.
13.??? This
is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.
14.??? A dictionary is a book _____________
gives the meaning to the word.
15.??? The
book
____________
is on the table is
mine.
16.??? The film ____________ they
are talking about is very interesting.
17.??? I will never forget the people and the
places _____
I have ever visited.
18.??? Is there anyone ____________ family is
in Beijing?
19.??? Show me the boy
______________ mother is a well-known singer.
20.??? The boy______ father is a teacher is
good at English.
三、单项选择
( ) 1.
Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes
from Beijing.
A. who B.
which C. whom D. whose
( )
2. What’s the name of the program________.
A. which are listening B. you
are listening to
C. to that you are
listening D. that you are listening
( ) 3. The students were all interested ____
you told them yesterday.
A. in
which B. in that this C. all that D. in
everything
( ) 4. He was the only
person in his office______ was invited.
A. whom B. whose C. that D.
which
( ) 5. This is the museum______ we
visited last year.
A. where B.
in which C. which D. in that
(
) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had
happened.
A. that B. what
C. which
( ) 7. Do you know the
student_____?
A. whom I often talk
C. I often talk with
B.
with who I often talk
D. that I often
talk
D. who
( ) 8. I like the
house_____ windows face south.
A.
whose B. who’s C. it's D.
its
( ) 9. Would you tell me where to
get the dictionary _____?
A.
what I need B.I need
it
C. which
I need it D. that I need
( )10. The young
woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.
A. who B. to whom C. whom
D. that
练习(二)
1.
Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are
not sure.
??? A. which??? B. what?? C.
as????? D. those
5. The wolves hid
themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be
found.
???? A. that?????? B. where???????
C. in which????? D. in that??
6. The
freezing point is the temperature __________ water
changes into ice.
???? A. at which??? B.
on that?????? C. in which????? D. of what??
7. This book will show you __________ can be
used in other contexts..
???? A. how you
have observed??????? B. what you have observed
???? C. that you have observed??????? D.
how that you have observed
8. The reason
is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.
???? A. because??? B. why??????? C.
that????? D. whether
9. I’ll tell you
__________ he told me last week.
???? A.
all which??? B. that?? C. all that?????? D. which
10. That tree, __________ branches are
almost bare, is very old.
???? A.
whose???? B. of which?????? C. in which????? D. on
which
11. I have bought the same dress
__________ she is wearing.
????? A.
as??????? B. that????? C. which??????? D. what
12. He failed in the examination,
__________ made his father very angry.
???? A. which???? B. it??????? C. that??? D.
what
13. We’re talking about the piano
and the pianist _______ were in the
concert we
attended last night.
? A. which????? B.
whom?? C. who??? D. that
14. The girl
________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s
sister.
? A. who is singing???? B. is
singing????? C. sang?? D. was singing
15.
Those _______ not only from books but also through
practice will succeed.
? A. learn??????
B. who???? C. that learns??? D. who learn
16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak
out.
?A. that? against?????? B. that?
against??? C. who is against??? D. who are
against
17. Didn’t you see the man
________?
????? A. I nodded just
now?????? B. whom I nodded just now
????? C. I nodded to him just now????? D. I
nodded to just now
18. Can you lend me
the novel ______ the other day?
????? A. that you talked???????? B. you
talked about it
????? C. which you talked
with??????? D. you talked about
19. Is
there anything _______ to you?
? A. that
is belonged??????? B. that belongs ???? C. that
belong???? D. which
belongs
20. ----
“How do you like the book?”
???? ----
“It’s quite different from _______ I read last
month.”
???? A. that???????? B.
which?????? C. the one???? D. the one what
21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the
pupils except _______ who had
already taken
them.
???? A. the ones???? B. ones?? C.
some????? D. the others
22. The train
_______ she was travelling was late.
????
A. which???? B. where?? C. on which??????? D. in
that
23. He has lost the key to the
drawer _______ the papers are kept.
????
A. where??????? B. in which?????? C. under
which??? D. which
24. Antarctic _______
we know very little is covered with thick ice all
the
year round.
???? A. which????????
B. where?? C. that??? D. about which
25.
It’s the third time _______ late this month.
???? A. that you arrived?????? B. when you
arrived ???? C. that you’ve
arrived???
D. when you’ve arrived
26. It was in 1969
_______ the American astronaut succeeded in
landing on
the moon.
?A. that???? B.
which??? C. when??????? D. in which?
27.
May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people
will never forget.
? A. which???????? B.
when??? C. on which??? D. about which
28.
We are going to spend the Spring Festival in
Guangzhou, _______ live
my grandparents and
some relatives.
? A. which??? B. that????
C. who?? D. where
29. The hotel _______
during our holidays stands by the seaside.
???? A. we stayed at????? B. where we stayed
at
???? C. we stayed?????? D. in that we
stayed
30. Is it in that factory _______
“Red Flag” cars are produced?A. in
which??????
B. where?????? C. which?????? D. that
三选择
1-5 ADACC 6-10 ACABB[参考答案]
1—5 AADBA 6—10
ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30
AADAD
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