中医药大学分数线宁波大学2016年考研真题【006外语学院】211翻译硕士英语(A卷)

A

similar

to

B

if

only

B

discovering

B

dissolved

B

since

particular

B

stimuli

B

at

all

B

left

B

incompetent

B

summon

B

also

B

sick

B

repel

B

re liable

B

such

as

翻 译硕士英语

英语笔译

C

only

if

C

determining

C

determining

C

for

C

unique

C

messages

C

at

large

C

drawn

C

inefficient

C

trigger< /p>

C

otherwise

C

awar e

C

neglect

C

iden tifiable

C

along

with

D

as

if

D

detectin g

D

diffused

D

whe reas

D

typical

D

i mpulses

D

at

times

D

exposed

D

insufficient

D

create

D

neverthel ess

D

tired

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noti ce

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suitable

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as ide

from

科目代码：

211

Part

II

Reading

Comprehension

(40

points:

2×20)

Direc tion:

There

are

four

passa ges

in

this

part.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questions

or

statements .

For

each

of

them

t here

are

four

choices

mark ed

A,

B,

C

and

D

You

are

expected

to

mak e

the

best

choice.

Questions

41

to

45

are

based

on

the

following

passage:

Moral

responsibility

is

all

very

well,

but

what

about

military

orders?

Is

it

not

the

soldi er’s

first

duty

to

giv e

instant

obedience

to

ord ers

given

by

his

military< /p>

superiors?

And

apart

from< /p>

duty,

will

not

the

soldier

suffer

severe

punishm ent,

even

death,

if

he

refuses

to

do

what

he

is

ordered

to

do?

If,

then,

a

soldier

is

told

by

his

superior

t o

burn

this

house

or

to

shoot

that

prisoner,

h ow

can

he

be

held

cr iminally

accountable

on

the< /p>

ground

that

the

burning

or

shooting

was

a

viol ation

of

the

laws

of

war?

These

are

some

o f

the

questions

that

are

raised

by

the

concept

commonly

called

“superior

order s”,

and

its

use

as

a

defense

in

war

crimes

trials.

It

is

an

is sue

that

must

be

as

old

as

the

laws

of

w ar

themselves,

and

it

emerged

in

legal

guise

ove r

three

centuries

ago

when ,

after

the

Stuart

restora tion

in

1660,

the

comm ander

of

the

guards

at

the

trial

and

execution

of

Charles

I

was

put

trial

for

treason

and

murder.

The

officer

d efended

himself

on

the

gro und

“that

all

he

did

was

as

a

soldier,

by

command

of

his

s uperior

officer

whom

he

mu st

obey

or

die,”

but

the

court

gave

him

short< /p>

shrift,

saying

that

“w hen

the

command

is

traitor ous,

then

the

obedience

to

that

command

is

also

Though

not

pr ecisely

articulated,

the

rule

that

is

necessarily

implied< /p>

by

this

decision

is

that

it

is

the

soldier ’s

duty

to

obey

lawful

orders,

but

that

he

may

disobey—and

indeed

must,

under

some

circumstances—unlawful< /p>

orders.

Such

has

been

law

of

the

United

States

since

the

birth

of

the

nation.

In

180 4,

Chief

Justice

John

Mars hall

declared

that

superior

will

justify

a

su bordinate’s

conduct

only

“if

not

to

perform

a

pr ohibited

act”,

and

there

a re

many

other

early

decisi ons

to

the

same

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科目代码：

211

effect.

A

strikingly

illustrative

case

occurred

i n

the

wake

of

that

c onflict

of

which

most

Engl ishmen

have

never

heard

their

troops

burned< /p>

the

White

House)

and

which

we

call

the

War

of

1812.

Our

country

badly

split

by

that< /p>

war

too

and,

at

a

time

when

the

United

S tates

Navy

was

not

especia lly

popular

in

New

Eng land,

the

ship-in-the-line

Indep endence

was

lying

in

Bosto n

Harbor.

A

pass-by

di rected

abusive

language

at

a

marine

standing

guard

o n

the

ship,

and

the

marine,

Bevans

by

name,

ra n

his

bayonet

through

the

man.

Charged

with

murd er,

Bevans

produced

evidence

that

the

marines

on

the

Independence

had

been

ordered

to

bayonet

anyone

showing

them

disrespect.

The

case

was

tried

before

Justice

Joseph

Story,

next

to

Marshall,

the

leading

judicial

figure

of

those

years,

who

charged

that

any

such

order

as

Bev ans

had

invoked

“would

be< /p>

illegal

and

void”,

and,

if

given

and

put

into< /p>

practice,

both

the

sup erior

and

the

subordinate

would

be

guilty

of

murder.

In

consequence,

Bevans

wa s

convicted.

The

order

allegedly

given

to

Bevans

was

pretty

drastic,

and

B oston

Harbor

was

not

a

battlefield;

perhaps

it

w as

not

too

much

to

e xpect

the

marine

to

realiz e

that

literal

compliance

might

lead

to

bad

trou ble.

But

it

is

only

too

easy

to

conceive

of

circumstances

where

the

matt er

might

not

be

at

a ll

clear.

Does

the

sub ordinate

obey

at

peril

tha t

the

order

may

later

ruled

illegal,

or

is< /p>

protected

unless

he

has

a

good

reason

to

d oubt

its

validity?

41.

It

can

be

inferred

from

Para.

1

that

if

a

soldier

obeys

his

superior’s< /p>

order

to

burn

a

hous e

or

to

kill

a

p risoner,

________.

A.

he

is

right

according

to

m oral

standards

B.

he

shoul d

not

receive

any

punishme nt

C.

he

should

certai nly

be

liable

for

his

D.

he

will

be

convicted

according

to

the

law

of

war

42.

Wha t

was

the

rule

implied

by

the

trail

of

the

commander

of

the

guards?

A

soldier

must

ob ey

lawful

orders,

be

he

right

or

wrong.

B.

Even

if

an

order

is

unlawful,

the

soldier

must

obey

it.

C.

A< /p>

soldier

may

or

must

disobey

unlawful

orders

or

he

must

die.

D.

It

is

the

soldier’s

duty

to

obey

superior

orders

wh atever

they

are.

43.

T he

phrase

“to

the

same

effect”

(Line

6,

Para.3)

probably

means

“which”___ _____.

A.

are

of

the

similar

meaning

B.

have

the

same

purpose

C.

must

be

put

into

effect

D.

lead

to

the

same

result

44.

According

to

the

fourth

paragraph,

Bev ans

was

found

guilty

becau se

he

________.

A.

obe y

illegal

orders

B.

was

accused

of

murder

C.

disobeyed

the

superior

orders

D.

offended

against

the

law

of

war

45.

It

can

be

concluded

from

the

last

paragraph

that

the

author’s

attitude

towards

Bevans

was

______.

A.

bewildering

B.

indignant

C.

approving

D.

not

quite

sympathetic

Questions

46

to

50

are

based

on

the

following

passage:

Ameri cans

today

don’t

place

a

very

high

value

on

in tellect.

Our

heroes

are

at hletes,

entertainers,

and

en trepreneurs,

not

scholars.

Even< /p>

our

schools

are

where

send

our

children

to< /p>

get

a

practical

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