清华大学暑期2015考研英语阅读理解精读P8—法学类

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2015

考研英语阅读理解精读

P8

—法学

类

Passage 8(The Myth of Racial Superiority Examined)

With its almost six billion people

，

the world offers a fascinating variety of human shapes and

humans

spread

throughout

the

world

，

their

adaptations

to

diverse

climate

and

other

living conditions resulted in this fascinating variety of complexions

，

colors

，

and c

mutations

added

distinct

characteristics

to

the

peoples

of

the

this

sense

the

concept

of

race

，

a group with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group

，

is a

do indeed come in a variety of colors and shapes.

In two senses

，

however

，

race is a myth

，

a fabrication of the human first fabrication

is

the

idea

that

any

one

race

is

superior

to

races

have

their

geniuses

—

and

their

language

，

no race is superior to Hitler

’

s ideas were believed

that

a

superior

race

，

called

the

Aryans

，

was

responsible

for

the

cultural

achievements

of

possessed the genetic stuff that made them inherently many scientists

of the time

一

not only Germany but throughout Europe and the United States

—

espoused the idea

of

racial

surprisingly

，

they

considered

themselves

members

of

the

supposedly

superior race!

In addition to the myth of racial superiority

，

there is a second myth

—

that of the existence of a

“

pure

”

the

perspective

of

contemporary

biology

，

humans

show

such

a

mixture

of

physical

the

“

pure

”

races

do

not

d

of

falling

into

distinct

types

clearly

separate

from

one

another

，

human

characteristics

flow

endlessly

minute

gradations made arbitrary any attempt to draw definite lines.

Large

groupings

of

peo ple

，

however

，

can

be

classified

by

blood

type

and

gene

even this arrangement does not uncover

“

race

”

.Rather

，

such classifications are so

arbitrary

that

biologists

and

anthropologists

can

draw

up

listings

showing

any

number

of

“

race

”

.Ashley

Montagu

，

a

physical

anthropologist

，

pointed

out

that

some

scientists

have

classified humans into only two

“

races

”

while others have found as many as two u

himself classified humans into forty

“

racial

”

groups.

This is not meant to imply that the idea of race is a idea is definitely very much

is

firmly

embedded

in

our

culture

，

a

social

reality

that

we

confront

ogist

observed

that

“

if

people

define

situations

as

real

，

they

are

real

in

their

consequences

”

.The fact that no race is superior or that biologically we cannot even decide how

people should be classified into races is not what makes a difference for social life

，

rather

，

is that people believe these ideas

，

for people act on beliefs

，

not a result

，

we always

have people like people

，

fortunately

，

do not believe in such extremes

，

yet most people

also appear to be ethnocentric enough to believe

，

at least just a little

，

that their own race is superior

to others.

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