大学空调租4华中农业大学英语专业本科毕业论文撰写规范

Norm of Graduation Paper for Undergraduates in English

（英语专业学士学位论文撰写规范）

I. Structure and Writing Requirements

(

论文结构及写作要求

)

Your

graduation

paper

should

include:

Chinese

cover,

English

front

page,

contents,

English

abstract

and

key

words,

Chinese

abstract

and

key

words,

main

body,

bibliography,

acknowledgement and appendixes. It should be bound according to this order.

A. English Front Page

（英文扉页）

The English front page should include the title, the names of the author and the tutor, the

academic degree that the paper is for, name of the department and time.

B. Contents

(

目录

)

The

contents

table

lists

the

major

chapters

and

sections

of

the

paper

and

the

page

numbers.

C.

Abstract and Key Words

（摘要与关键词）

1. Abstract

Abstract

is

the

main

idea of the paper.

It is

a brief summary of the

research

you have

carried out, which includes the purpose, the methods, thesis statement, major arguments and

conclusion of the research and its significance. It should be clear and complete. The length of

the English abstract is usually 150 words and the Chinese abstract should be an equivalence

of the English one. The English abstract should be put before the Chinese one.

2. Key Words

Key

words

are

provided

for

document

retrieve.

They

should

cover

the

major

terminologies

used

in

the

paper.

Usually,

3

to

10

words

should

be

listed.

The

English

key

words should be properly translated into Chinese and listed after the Chinese abstract.

D . The Paper

(

论文正文

)

The paper includes introduction, the main body and conclusion.

1. Introduction

Introduction

should

include

the

purpose,

background

and

meaning

of

the

research,

literature review which concludes what the others have done on this research topic, and a brief

introduction to your research which includes your thesis statement and major arguments. It is

the beginning of the paper and should not be numbered.

2. Main Body

The main body of the paper should be clear, coherent and logical.

3. Conclusion

It is the conclusion of the research discussed in the paper. Your innovative ideas should

be

emphasized.

It

usually

includes

the

major

discoveries

in

the

research,

its

meaning

and

suggestions for further research and so on. It should not be numbered.

E. Bibliography(

参考文献

)

The Bibliography lists the articles or books you have used as references.

F. Acknowledgement

(

致谢

)

The

acknowledgement

shows

your

appreciation

to

the

persons

or

organizations

which

helped you during the research. It should be simple, clear and sincere.

II. Format and Type of the Paper

(

书写及打印要求

)

A. Typing and Binding of Paper

(

论文打印与装订

)

The whole paper including the bibliography should be typed with double spaces between

the lines (1.5

倍行距

). The rest should the same as

The Writing Principles of Dissertation for

Bachelor

’

s Degree of HAU

.

B. English Cover

（

英文扉页）

The title should be typed in Times New Roman (TNR) 24, bold and the rest should be

typed in TNR 14. Go to

Appendix 1

to see the sample.

C. Abstract and Key Words

（摘要与关键词）

The

words

“

Abstract

”

and

“

Key

Words

”

should

be

typed

in

TNR

14,

bold

and

the

content of the English abstract should be typed in TNR 12.

中文摘要与关键词部分

,

“

摘要

”

与

“

关键词

”

用四号黑 体，摘要内容用五号宋体。

Go to

Appendix 2

to see the sample.

D. Contents

(

目录

)

The contents table should list all the chapters and the page

numbers, including English

abstract and key words, Chinese abstract and key words, contents, main body, bibliography,

acknowledgement and appendixes.

“

Contents

”

should be typed in TNR 14, bold in the middle.

The rest will be typed in TNR 12.

Go to

Appendix 2

to see the sample.

E. The Paper

(

论文正文

)

Each part should be typed separately. In the chapter or section titles, the initial of every

substantive word should be capitalized.

外语类论文层次代号及说明

I.

□×××××

A.

□××××

1.

□×××××

(1)

□×××××

(a)

□×××××

Middle, TNR 14, Bold

Left

beginning,

TNR

12,

Bold

Left

beginning,

TNR

12,

Bold

Left beginning, TNR 12

Left beginning, TNR 12

□□□□××××××××××××××

4

spaces

at

the

beginning,

×××××××××××××××××

TNR 12

F.

Notes and Bibliography

(

注解和参考文献

)

The Bibliography lists the articles or books you have used as references.

1.

Notes

In

MLA

documentation

style,

you

acknowledge

your

sources

by

keying

brief

parenthetical citations in your text to an alphabetical list of works (Bibliography) at the end of

the paper. The parenthetical citation that concludes the following sentence is typical of MLA

style.

e.g. Ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to Pythagoras, who

lived in the sixth century BC (Marcuse 197).

The citation

“

(Marcuse 197)

”

tells readers that the information in the sentence was derived

from page 197 of a work by an author named Marcuse. If readers want more information

about this source, they can turn to the Bibliography page, where under the name of Marcuse,

they would find the following information.

Marcuse, Sibyl. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper, 1975.

The parenthetical citation works like this:

(1) Mention your source (author

’

s last name and page number) within the text of your paper I

parentheses, like this:

e.g. One of the great all-time best sellers,

Uncle Tom

’

s Cabin

, sold over 300,000 copies in

America and more than 2 million copies world-wide (Wilson 3).

(2)

If

you

are

quoting

directly

or

if

want

to

stress

the

authority

of

the

source

you

are

paraphrasing, you may mention the name of the source in your sentence. Then include just the

page number (or numbers) at the end in parentheses, like this:

e.g. In Patriotic Gore, Edmund Wilson tells us that Mrs. Stowe felt

“

the book had been

written by God

”

(5).

(3)

If

you

must

quote

indirectly

--

something

quoted

from

another

source

not

available

to

you -- indicate this in your parenthetical reference by using

following example comes from a book written by Donald Johanson and Maitland Edey:

e.g.

Richard

Leakey's

wife,

Maeve,

told

the

pale

anthropologist

David

Johanson,

).

(4)

If you are using a source written or edited by more than three people, use only the name

of the first person listed, followed by

e.g.

Blair

et

al.

observe

that

the

fine

arts

were

almost

ignored

by

colonial

writers

(21).

It is observed that the fine arts were almost ignored by colonial writers (Blair et

al. 21).

(5)

If

you refer to

more

than one work by the same author, include

a shortened title in

the

citation in your text like:

e.g.

It

is

noticed

primary

school

pupils

often

make

this

mistake

(Gould,

Mismeasured 138).

(6) If the author's name is not given, then use a shortened title instead. In your abbreviation,

be

sure

to

use

at

least

the

first

word

of

the

full

title

to

send

the

reader

to

the

proper

alphabetized entry on your Bibliography page. The following is a reference to a newspaper

article entitled

e.g. The doctor observed that some people objected to the transplant on grounds that

were emotional rather than rational (

(7) If you are quoting more than four typed lines, you should indent the quotation 5 spaces on

both sides and omit the quotation marks. Cite the page number in parentheses two spaces after

the period: e.g.

About Nora in Ibsen's A Doll's House, Liv Ullman writes,

She

says

goodbye

to

everything

that

is

familiar

and

secure.

She

does

not

walk

through

the

door

to

find

somebody

else

to

live

with

and

for;

she

is

leaving

the

house more insecure than she ever realized she could be. But she hopes to find out

who she is and why she is. She is facing with the problem of finding out her own

identity.

(263)

2. Bibliography

The following models will help you write Bibliography entries for most of the sources

you will use. Your references should be listed according to alphabetic order.

(1) Books

Common entry:

Author

’

s name. Title of the book

.

city of Publication: Publishing House, year of publication.

(a) Book by one author

Wilson, Edmund. Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War

.

New

York: Oxford UP, 1966.

Wilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture

.

New York: Pantheon, 1998.

(b) Two or more books by the same author

Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeasure Of man

.

New York: Norton, 1981.

---

.

The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History

.

New York: Norton, 1980.

---, ed. Sound and Poetry. New York: Columbia UP, 1957.

(c) Book by 2 or more authors

2 authors:

Eggins, Suzanne, and Diane Slade. Analyzing Casual Conversation

.

London: Cassell, 1997.

3 authors:

Brusaw, Charles W., Gerald J. Alfred, and Walter E. Oliu. The Business Writer's Handbook

.

New York: St. Martin's, 1976.

more than three authors

Sheridan,

Marion

C.,

et

al.

The

Motion

Picture

and

the

Teaching

of

English

.

New

York:

Appleton,

1965.

[The

phrase

al.

is

an

abbreviation

for

alii,

meaning

others.

(d) Book by an anonymous author

Beowulf. Trans. Kevin Crossley-Holland. New York: Farrar, 1968.

Encyclopedia of Virginia

.

New York: Somerset, 1993.

(e) Book with an editor, translator or compiler

Zaranka, William, ed. The Brand-X Anthology of Poetry

.

Cambridge: Apple-Wood, 1981.

[For a book with two or more editors, use

De Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex

.

Trans. H. M. Parshley. New York: Knopf, 1971.

Sevilano, Mando, comp. The Hopi Way: Tales from a Vanishing Culture

.

Flagstaff: Northland,

1986.

(f) Book with an editor, translator or compiler and an author

Dostoevsky, Feodor. Crime and Punishment

.

Trans. Jessie Coulson. Ed. George Gibian. New

York: Norton, 1964.

Shakespeare, William. Shakespeare: Major Plays and the Sonnets

.

Ed. G

. B. Harrison. New

York: Harcourt, 1948.

(g) Multivolume work

Blanco,

Richard

L.,

ed.

The

American

Revolution,

1775-1783:

An

Encyclopedia

.

2

vols.

Hamden: Garland, 1993.

Blom, Eric, ed. Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians

.

5th ed. 10 vols. New York: St.

Martin's, 1961.

(h) A book published in a second or subsequent edition, or revised edition or abridged edition

Chaucer,

Geoffrey.

The

works

of

Geoffrey

Chaucer

.

Ed.

F.

W.

Robinson.

2nd

ed.

Boston:

Houghton, 1957.

Cheyfitz, Eric. The Poetics of Imperialism. Expanded ed. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P,

1997.

Hyde, Margaret O., and Elizabeth Held Forsyth. Suicide: The Hidden Epidemic

.

Rev. ed. New

York: Watts, 1986.

Murasaki

Shikibu.

The

Tale

of

Genji

.

Trans.

Edward

G

.

Seidensticker.

Abr.

ed.

New

York:

Vintage-Random, 1985.

(i) Work in a collection or anthology

Calvino,

Italo.

“

Cybernetics

and

Ghosts.

”

The

Uses

of

Literature:

Essays

.

Trans.

Patrick

Creagh. San Diego: Harcourt, 1982. 3-27.

Firebaugh, Joseph J.

in Criticism

.

Ed.

Lyall Powers. East Lansing: Michigan State P, 1973.187-201.

Hanzlik, Josef.

“

Vengeance.

”

Trans. Ewald Osers. Interference: the Story of Czechoslovakia

in the Words of Its Writers

.

Comp. and ed. Peter Spafford. Cheltenham: New Clarion,

1992. 54.

(j) Work reprinted in a collection or anthology

Sage,

George

H.

in

American

Society:

Its

Pervasiveness

and

Its

Study.

Sport

and

American

Society

.

3rd

ed.

Reading:

Addison-Wesley,

1980.

4-15.

Rpt.

in

Physical

Activity

and

the

Social

Sciences.

Ed.

W.

Neil

Widmeyer.

5th

ed.

Ithaca:

Movement,

1983. 42-52.

(2) An Article in a Scholarly Journal

Basic entry

Author

’

s

name.

“

title

of

the

article.

”

Name

of

the

Periodical

V

olume

number

(year

of

publication): page numbers

e.g.

Craner, Paul M.

“

New Tool for an ancient Art: the computer and Music.

”

Computer and the

Humanities 25 (1991): 303-13

[If the journal has only issue numbers, treat them as volume numbers.]

Journal with more than one series

[If

the

journal

has

more

than

one

series,

write

the

number

(2nd,

3rd,

4th,

etc.)

and

abbreviation ser. between the journal title and the volume number. If it is

divided into new

series and an original series, indicate the series with ns or os before the volume number.]

Daniels, John.

“

Indian Population of North America in 1492.

”

William and Mary Quarterly

3rd ser. 49 (1992): 298-320.

Spivak, Kathleen.

“

Bewteen Two Cultures.

”

Kenyon Review ns 17. 3-4 (1995): 118-26.

(3) Newspaper article

(a) Signed newspaper article

Krebs, Emilie. “Sewer Backup Called No Problems.”

Pantograph

20 Nov. 1985: A3

(b) Unsigned newspaper article

“

Minister

Found Guilty of Soliciting Murder.”

New York Times 2 Aug.1984: A12.

(4) Electronic Publications

(a) A complete scholarly project or information database

It usually consists of the following items:

Title of the project or database (Italicized)

Name of the editor of the project or database (if given)

Electronic publication information, including version number (if relevant and if not part

of the title), date of electronic publication or of the latest update, and name of any sponsoring

institution or organization

Date of access and network address

If you cannot find some of the information, cite what is available. E.g.

Britannica

Online.

Vers.

98.2.

Apr.

1998.

Encyclopaedia

Britannica.

8

May

1998

.

The Cinderella Project. Ed. Michael N. Salda. Vers. 1.1. Dec. 1997. De Grummond Children

’

s

Lit.

Reserch

collection,

U

of

Southern

Mississippi.

15

Apr.

1998

.

(b) A document in the project

“

City Profile: San Francisco.

”

CNN Interactive. 19 June 1998. Cable News Network. 19 June 1998

/TRA

VEL/CITY

.GUIDES/WTR/es/> .

(c) Personal cite

Dawe, James. Jane Austen Pages. 15 Sept. 1998 .

(d) An online book

Basic entry:

Author’s

name.

title

of

the

work.

Editor(or

translator

etc).

publication

information

(city

of

publication,

name

of

publisher,

year

of

publication

etc.

).

Date

of

access

address>.

e.g.

Austen,

Jane.

Pride

and

Prejudice.

Ed.

Henry

Churchyard.

1996.

10

Sept.

1998

.

Baraky, Robert F. Noam Chomsky: a Life of Dissent. Cambridge: MIT P, 1997. 8 May 1998

.

(e) An article in an Online Periodical

Basic entry

Author

’

s name.

“

Title of the article.

”

Name of the periodical volume number(issue number or

other identifying number) (date of publication).

The number range or total number of

pages. Date of access .

e.g.

Calabress, Michael.

“

Between Despair and Ecstasy: Marco Polo

’

s Life of the Buddha.

”

Exemplaria 9.1

(1997). 22 June 1998 <. edu/ english/exemplaria/>.

Elam, Diana.

“Disciplining

woman: Feminism or women

’

s Studies.

”

Surfaces 5. 101 (1995): 11 pp. 24

June 1998 <:80/ -guedon/Surfaces/vol5/>.

(f) CD-rom, disk, or tape

Author

’

s

name.

Title

of

the

publication.

Editor(translator).

Medium.

Place

of

publication:

publisher, date of publication.

e.g.

Aristotle.

The

Complete

works

of

Aristotle:

the

revised

Oxford

Translation.

Ed.

Jonathan

Barnes. 2 vols. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984, CD-ROM. Clayton: InteLex, 1994.

Braumuller,

M.R,.

ed.

Macbeth.

By

William

Shakepeare.

CD-ROM.

New

york:

V

oyager,

1994.

Magill

’

s Survey of Science. CD-ROM. 1998 ed. Pasadena: Salem, 1998.

(5) Chinese Reference Books

Chinese reference articles or books should be listed after the English ones. Please take

The Writing Principles of Dissertation for Bachelor

’

s Degree of HAU

as reference for format.

Go to

Appendix 3

to see the sample.