大学的微信群英译汉指导：大学英语四级考试翻译练习八

免费？宅在家学英语？怎么报名？

最 牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！

/ielts/

（报名网 址）

练习八

Directions: Read the underlined sentences carefully, and then translate them into

Chinese. You may check your answers after you finish them.

Passage One

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are

very

complex.

Generally

speaking,

the

Account

Department

is

responsible

for

calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with

the employees about pay.

If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the

firm

should

decide

on

a

method

of

job

evaluation

and

ways

of

measuring

the

performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will

need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.

In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job

description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in

“

points

”

, which

are

added

together

to

give

a

total

value

for

the

job.

For

middle

and

higher

management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the

job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty

in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided

without reference to an evaluation system based on points.

In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare

the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic

factors such as the cost of living and the labour supply.

It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way

that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work

done with the hands, monetary

（

金钱的）

encouragement schemes are often chosen, for

indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are

employed.

Passage Two

I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in

each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of

services

which

were

available

on

one

’

s

own

doorstep

in

the

late

Victorian

countryside.

Nowadays a superficial traveller in rural England might conclude that the only

village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or

selling

antiques

to

visitors.

Nevertheless,

this

would

really

be

a

false

impression.

Admittedly

there

has

been

a

contraction

of

village

commerce,

but

its

vigor

is

still

remarkable.

Our

local

grocer

’

s

shop,

for

example,

is

actually

expanding

in

spite

of

the

competition

from

supermarkets

in

the

nearest

town.

Women

sensibly

prefer

to

go

there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up